scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Lipid Sources on Feed Utilization, Growth Efficiency and Carcass Composition of Clarias gariepinus Juveniles

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
S. Nwakaji ◽  
B. S. Aliu ◽  
F. O. Nwose
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Pork Lard ◽  
Significant Difference

This study was designed to investigate plant and animal lipid that can enhance feed utilization, growth, and survival of Clarias gariepinus Juveniles. Juveniles with mean weight 32.50±0.5g were stocked randomly to seven tanks replicated thrice, with each tank having seven fish each and were fed with the prepared diets with varied lipid. 40% crude protein and isocaloric diets with digestible energy of 2,933.76Kcal were formulated and labelled Diet 1-7 with different sources of plant and animal lipids. Diet 1, 2 and 3 contained palm oil, Groundnut oil and soybean oil respectively, while diet 4, 5 and 6 contained Pork lard, Cod Liver oil and Beef tallow. Diet 7 (Control diet without any lipid source). The result showed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and survival rates among the diets. The mean weight gain was highest in fish fed with pork lard (22.12g) while the lowest value of 15.36g was recorded in fish fed with soybean oil. Relative weight gains and feed intake showed no significant difference (P>0.05) between fish fed lipids of plant origin. However, there was significant difference (P<0.05) among fish fed lipids from animal origin. The Highest Total Cholesterol (28.18 mg/dl) was recorded in fish fed beef tallow as lipid sources while the least value of low-density cholesterol (value of 2.26 mg/dl) was recorded in fish fed with soybean oil. In conclusion, C. gariepinus was able to utilize animal-based lipid sources more in terms of growth and feed utilization while the lipid profile result of the individual carcass after the culture period showed that C. gariepinus fed lipid from plant sources had a slightly better cholesterol level than those fed lipid of animal sources.

scholarly journals Influence of including maize offal in diets on growth, carcass composition and economics of Clarias gariepinus

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 027-035
Author(s):  
Sunday Kenneth Igbang ◽  
Ada Fidelis Bekeh ◽  
Ochang Stephen Ncha
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Hours

Aiming at finding cheaper and still efficient feed for aquaculture species 56 days feeding trial was conducted on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) post fingerlings, fed on five diets with a 40% crude protein target in which maize was replaced with maize offal meal at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% respectively. Ten fish each were stocked in a plastic aquarium tank containing 20 L of water. The fish were fed at 5% body weight divided into two rations ginen at the hours of 8-8:30 am and 5-5:30pm. Growth parameters showed increase with increase in maize offal based diets, with observed weight gains of 72.42, 79.00, 95.92, 130.83 and 65.83 for diets 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively. Feed conversion ratio (recorded best in 75% maize offal based diet substitution, while the poorest was recorded at 25% maize offal diet replacement, followed by the control diet (100% maize diet). 75% maize offal replacement recorded the highest specific growth rate (p<0.05).There was significant difference (p<0.05) in the ash content, crude fiber and energy level in the fish carcass. The cost of feed used throughout the experimental period was not significantly (p>0.05) influenced by the increasing level of maize offal as a replacement for maize in the diets, as the costs were comparable. However, this study reveals that maize offal meal can successfully replaced maize up to 75% in the diet of Clarias gariepinus post fingerlings without adverse effect on growth, carcass composition and economics.

scholarly journals Substituting Fish Meal with Pre-Treated Lima Bean Meal on Growth, Feed Utilization and Nutrient Retention in Clarias Gariepinus Fingerlings Reared in Hapa-in-Pond System

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Paulin Nyadjeu ◽  
Hapsatou Alim ◽  
Justin Djimbie Djopnang ◽  
Achare Elvis Ayamba ◽  
Minette Eyango Tabi-Tomedi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Protein Retention ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bean Meal

The present study was conducted during 56 days to evaluate the effect of substituting fish meal (FM) with pre-treated Lima bean meal (LBM) on growth, feed utilization, and nutrient retention in Clarias gariepinus fingerlings weighing 3.00±0.02g. Four isonitrogenous (40% crude protein) diets containing 0% (D0), 25% (D25), 50% (D50) and 100% (D100) of LBM, as FM substitute were used. D0 was considered a control diet. The results obtained indicate no significant difference in weight gain (11.97±0.67g and 12.95±2.12g), specific growth rate (3.46±0.23%/day and 2.95±0.22%/day), protein efficiency ratio (0.89±0.01 and 1.05±0.02), protein retention (10.83±0.23% and 12.48±0.19%) and lipid retention (9.11±0.55% and 9.45±0.43%) of fish fed D0 and D100 respectively. Fish fed D25 and D50, showed significant growth increase, feed utilization performances, and both protein and lipid retention in comparison with D0 and D100. This study indicates that Lima bean meal can be used up to 50% in formulating feed for Clarias gariepinus fingerlings in rural areas.

scholarly journals Growth Performance and Carcass Analysis of African Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) Juveniles Fed Varying Inclusion Levels Of Butterfly Pea (Clitoria Ternatea) Seed Meal

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Adedokun Mathew Adewale ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Significant Difference

High cost of qualitative fish feed is one of problems hampering the development and profitability of fish farming and consequently leads to food insecurity in terms of food availability and accessibility. The study was conducted to determine growth parameters and carcass composition of Clarias gariepinus juveniles of mean weight 21.74g+0.54g fed with varying levels of dietary inclusion of Clitoria ternatea seed meal substituted for soybean meal over a period of eight weeks. Four iso-nitrogenous experimental diets were formulated at 0% (control), 25%, 50% and 100% inclusion levels of C. ternatea seed meal. The 8-week feeding experiment was conducted in rectangular plastic tanks, each treatment having three replicates with two feeding regime at 5% body weight and weighed every week. At the end of the intensive feeding period, samples from each treatment were oven dried for nutritive analysis of the fish carcass. The values of mean weight gain for diets I and III were 27.7+1.11 and 27.23+0.94 respectively. Comparatively, the growth parameters values; FI(g), SGR(%), FCR(g), PER(%) and NPU(%) for control diet and diet III were the best with no significant difference (p>0.05). The Carcass evaluation revealed that Diet I had the highest crude protein which was not significantly different (p>0.05) from diet III. It was established that fish fed 50% inclusion level of C. ternatea seed meal had effective comparable biological values with the control diet in terms of growth performance and feed utilization. The total fish production (kg) showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between diets I and III.

scholarly journals Efficacy of nano zinc oxide dietary supplements on growth performance, immunomodulation and disease resistance of African catfish Clarias gariepinus

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
HH Mahboub ◽  
K Shahin ◽  
AW Zaglool ◽  
EM Roushdy ◽  
SAA Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Significant Difference

Zinc (Zn) is an important trace element in fish diets that is required for growth, immunity and antioxidant defense mechanisms. The current study assessed the effects of both organic and nanoparticle zinc oxide (ZnO and ZnO-NPs, respectively) on growth performance, immune response and the antimicrobial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Fish were fed either a control diet or diets supplemented with organic ZnO at concentrations of 20 and 30 mg kg-1 or ZnO-NPs at concentrations of 20 and 30 mg kg-1. After 60 d, a subset of the fish was injected intraperitoneally with 3 × 107 CFU ml-1 of P. aeruginosa. Results showed that body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and specific growth rates were significantly increased in ZnO-NPs20 compared to all other groups. The dietary supplementation with 20 mg kg-1 of ZnO-NPs improved the antioxidant status of fish. Moreover, IgM, lysozyme and nitric oxide showed a significant increase in the fish which received the ZnO-NPs20-supplemented diet. A significant upregulation of growth and stress-related genes was seen in the ZnO-NPs20-supplemented group compared to other groups. However, there was no significant difference in the expression of immune-related genes among ZnO-NPs20, ZnO-NPs30 and ZnO30 groups. These findings highlight the potential use of nano-ZnO for improving growth performance, antioxidant status, immunological status and antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa in African catfish.

scholarly journals Growth performance of Clarias gariepinus fed varying dietary phosphorus levels

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
Ezike Christopher Onyemaechi ◽  
Chukwuka Doris Queen ◽  
Echor Felix Okaliwe
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Dietary Phosphorus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

One hundred and twenty (120) juveniles of African catfish Clarias gariepinus were obtained in May 2015 from a reputable Fish Farm in Enugu to the University Research Farm (latitude 074o North and 082o South, longitude 068o East and 076o West with annual mean temperature of 30oC). The fish were fed for 49 days from June – July 2015 with diets containing 4 different inclusion levels of phosphorus T1 [0.6% P], T2 [0.8% P], T3 [1.00% P], T4 [1.2% P] and T5 [0% P] which served as control diet, to determine optimum P requirement for fish growth at probability level of P < 0.05 between various treatments and control. Each diet was formulated to contain 40% crude protein composed of yellow maize, soybean cake, palm kernel cake and fish meal. Fish fed with graded levels of phosphorus were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than control in FW and MDWG. There was however no significant difference (P > 0.05) in FCR and PER between T1, T2, T4 and control but T3 was significantly (P < 0.05) better in FCR (0.33) than control (0.39). Similarly, T3 was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in PER than control. Fish in T3 had the best growth performance indicative that 1% P is the optimum requirement for the growth of C. gariepinus.Res. Agric. Livest. Fish.4(3): 215-220, December 2017

scholarly journals Effects of the use of soybean oil and animal fat in the diet of laying hens on production performance and egg quality

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 995-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Duarte de Oliveira ◽  
Nelson Carneiro Baião ◽  
Silvana de Vasconcelos Cançado ◽  
Benedito Lemos de Oliveira ◽  
Ângela Maria Quintão Lana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Egg Yolks

The effects of different dietary lipids on the fatty acid profiles of eggs produced by 20 and 54 wk old Dekalb laying hens were investigated. Laying hens were subjected to three defined treatments according to the source of lipid added to their diets: soybean oil, beef tallow, and a control diet (without the addition of oil). The experimental design was in a 3x2 factorial arrangement (three treatments and two different ages). The fatty acid composition of the yolks in the eggs produced by the laying hens was analyzed. The eggs produced by laying hens on the soybean oil diet had a large amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) in their yolks (23.55, 2.30% respectively), whereas egg yolks from hens who were given beef tallow had higher percentages of monounsaturated fatty acids (47.53%) compared to soybean oil (47.53%) and the control diet (38.72%). The percentages of trans fats present in the egg yolks in all treatments were considered very low (0.91; 0,11; 0.05%). Young layers are more efficient at depositing n-3 fatty acids (1.40%), specially C22:6 (0.76%) with the best ratio n6:n-3 (13.97) compared to old layers (1.35; 0.72; 14.81% respectively). Based on these results, it was concluded that the amount of fatty acids present in the egg yolks can be modified by the sources of lipids included in the diet and that independent of the sources of lipid in the diet and the age of the chicken, egg yolks have insignificant amounts of trans fatty acids.

scholarly journals Growth performance of fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus fed fermented seed of Senna obtusifolia (Linn)

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-280
Author(s):  
H. U. Onimisi ◽  
S. J. Oniye ◽  
J. K. Balogun ◽  
P. I. Bolorunduro
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Senna Obtusifolia ◽  
Significant Difference

The effects of replacing soybean meal with graded levels of fermented Senna obtusifolia seed meals (SOSM) on the growth performance of Clarias gariepinus were investigated. Five isonitrogenous (42% crude protein) and isocaloric (25.7% NFE) diets were formulated in which fermented replaced soybean meal (SBM) at 0% (SOSM0), 25% (SOSM25), 50% (SOSM50), 75% (SOSM75) and 100% (SOSM100) inclusion levels and a commercial feed (CmF) as the second control. Three hundred and sixty (360) fingerlings of (Clarias gariepinus) mean weight (2.85±0.01g) were stocked at (20) fish per tank volume in triplicate groups per treatment and fed 3% body weight twice a day of the experimental diets for 180 days. The feeding rate was adjusted after weighing. The water qualities were within range recommended for Clarias gariepinus. There were no significant differences (p> 0.05) in growth performance and nutrient utilization between the control groups and those fed the fermented SOSM diets at 25%. The commercial, 0% and 25% groups had the highest mean weight gain (279 to 280 g), significantly (P<0.05) superior to the groups that received the, 50%, 75% while the group that received 100% SOSM diet had the poorest mean weight gain (132.72g). Feed conversion ratios (FCR) of all treatments ranged from (1.75 to 2.18). These values increased slightly by increasing levels of fermented SOSM from 50 to 100%. The best FCR, 1.75± 0.02, recorded for fish fed 25% fermented SOSM indicated a superior level of utilization of the SOSM diet by the fish. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the protein intake among the group of fish fed 0 and 25%, but significant difference (P<0.05) occur in fish fed 50, 75 and 100% fermented SOSM respectively. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) exhibited significant differences (P<0.05) in all treatments except in the control diets that were not statistically different (P>0.05) from the fish fed the 25% fermented SOSM. The PER values increased among the experimental fish with respect to the quantity of total feed intake. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in apparent net protein utilization (ANPU) among treatments CmF, 0% and 25%. The ANPU was highest in fish fed 0% fermented SOSM (91.6±0.04) while fish fed 75 and 100 % fermented SOSM in diets were 71.4±0.02 and 73.4±0.03 were the least. There was a significant (P<0.05) difference in the effect of the inclusion levels of fermented (SOSM) on final body carcass composition among treatments. This study showed that soybean meal can be substituted with fermented Senna obtusifolia seed meal up to 25% level in Clarias gariepinus diets without any negative effects on the growth and feed efficiency.

scholarly journals Dietary Inclusion of Citrullus lanatus Seed in Fish Feed: Proximate Analysis, Growth Performance and Feed Utilization in Clarias gariepinus Fingerlings

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ombugadu A ◽  
◽  
Okunsebor SA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Lipid Level ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Watermelon Seed ◽  
Significant Difference

One of the factors militating against fish farming in Nigeria have been lack of adequate feed that are formulated to meet the nutrient requirement of culturable fish species. To this end, the study on dietary inclusion of Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) seed in fish feed: the proximate analysis, determination of growth performance and feed utilization in Clarias gariepinus fingerlings was carried out between August and October 2019. The proximate analysis and economic viability were determined according to standard methods. The experimental diet was set up across varying proportions: 0% as the control, 15%, 20%, 25% and 36% inclusion levels respectively. The result of the proximate analysis for the experimental diets showed that diet 3 (20.00% inclusion) had the highest crude protein content; lipid level was highest in diet 4 (25% inclusion); while diet 1 (control) had the highest dry matter, ash and nitrogen free extract contents. The result of the experiment showed that 36% watermelon seed inclusion yielded the highest growth performance and feed utilization in Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. However, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in relation to inclusion percentages of watermelon seed on growth performance in Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. In conclusion, relatively high proportion of watermelon seed inclusion in fish feed formulation is hereby recommended in order to improve growth performance and feed utilization in Clarias gariepinus fingerlings.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DIETARY METHIONINE ON GROWTH AND UTILIZATION OF CLARIAS GARIEPENIUS FINGERLINGS

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
BS Aliu ◽  
◽  
SO Omenogor ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Methionine Supplementation ◽  
Better Than

The growth response and feed utilization of Clarias gariepinus fed with diet containing different level of dietary synthetic methionine was investigated to determine the effect of diet on their growth rate and its utilization by fish. (108) fingerlings of Calrias gariepinus (2.1+0.5g) obtained from a private fish farm in Benin City were stocked in eighteen (18) 25L plastic tank. 6 diet (40%) crude protein consisting of a control (0% methionine supplementation) and five DIT other diet (3.2%, 4.23%, 7.30%, 8.70% and 9.79% synthetic methionine supplementation) were compounded and fed to the fish till satiation. Each diet was fed to the fish twice daily (9.00hrs and 17.00hrs). Data on the weight gain and feed consumed were taken on weekly basis. There was no significant difference in term of relative weight gain (RWG), specific growth rate (SGR), total weight gain (TWG) and weekly weight gain (WWG). The control with (0% methionine) showed a higher weight gain with diet 5 (8.76% methionine) having a lower weight gain. However, the feed intake (FI) was significantly different (P<0.005) with the control midway the highest feed intake but diet 2 (4.25%) with a step downward showed lowest feed intake. The protein efficiency ratio (per) value were significantly different with diet 1 having the highest value which was different from all other which with diet 4 having a lowest per. In terms of survival there was significant difference (P<0.05) with diet 3(0% methionine). Supplementation has the highest and a reduced survival at diet 2 synthetic methionine. In this study synthetic methionine had not been sufficiently utilized by Clarias gariepinus fingerling since the control did perform better than those supplemented with various level of methionine.

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