scholarly journals Patterns and Distribution of Imaging Findings on HRCT Chest in Various ILD’s: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Rakib Ahmad Wani ◽  
Riyaz Ahmad Mir ◽  
Mohd Asif Naik ◽  
Aijaz Ahmad Hakeem
Keyword(s):  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Air Trapping ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Histological Characteristics

Background: Interstitial lung diseases present with diverse clinical, radiological and histological characteristics, yet have significant overlapping features. Different ILDs have different outcomes and need correct diagnosis for appropriate management. UIP, NSIP and sarcoidosis are the most common types. Other important types being COP, RB-ILD, HSP and ILD associated with connective disorders. Objective: To identify patterns and distributions of imaging findings on HRCT for accurate diagnosis of type of ILDs. HRCT of known cases of ILD was done and predominant imaging features of ILDs documented. We had 75 patients in our study group with male predominance (58.6%). UIP was the most common type of ILD with honeycombing, septal thickening and bronchiectasis as the predominant imaging features with sparse ground glassing. Sarcoidosis was the second most common type of ILD with mediastinal and hilar LAP, perilymphatic nodules, fibrotic bands, septal thickening and bronchiectasis as predominant imaging findings. NSIP presented with ground glassing, septal thickening, bronchiectasis, and fibrotic bands as predominant features with no or minimal honeycombing. RB-ILD presented with predominant imaging features of peribronchial thickening, centrilobular nodules, air trapping and fibrotic bands in known smokers. COP presented with predominant imaging features of peripheral consolidations and ground glassings, septal thickenings and bronchiectasis. Lung biopsy is god standard but cannot be performed in every patients owing to higher rates of complication. HRCT has assumed importance in diagnosis and management of ILDs and are relatively specific in its diagnosis.

Sonographic Assessment of Renal Volume in Normotensive Pregnant Women and Women With Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension in Enugu Metropolis

2021 ◽  
pp. 875647932110210
Author(s):  
Idigo Felicitas Ugochinyere ◽  
Nwankwo Sylvia Chiamaka ◽  
Abonyi Everistus Obinna ◽  
Anakwue Angel-Mary Chukwunyelu ◽  
Agbo Julius Amechi
Keyword(s):  
Reference Range ◽  
Interobserver Variability ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Renal Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Induced Hypertension

Objective: Renal volume (RV) assessment during obstetric sonography is rarely considered in our locality. Understanding the changes in RV in both normotensive pregnant (NP) and pregnancy-induced hypertensive (PIH) women is important in making correct diagnosis regarding pregnancy outcome. This study is aimed at determining the RV in NP and PIH women and correlating RV with fetal gestational age (FGA), body mass index (BMI), and parity in NP women. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 450 patients recruited at a Tertiary Hospital. A pilot study was done to determine the interobserver variability in RV measurement. RV was calculated using the following formula: L × W × AP × 0.523. Parity, BMI, and blood pressure were documented, while FGA was calculated as an average of FGAs obtained from the measurements of fetal biometric parameters. Results: Mean RV of PIH women was significantly higher than that of NP women ( P < .05). RV shows a positive significant relationship with BMI and FGA, while it shows a negative relationship with parity in NP ( P < .05). Conclusion: Reference range values of RV were generated for clinical use in our locality, while there is statistically significant difference between RV in NP and PIH women.

scholarly journals Preparedness of pre-intern medical graduates of three universities in Sri Lanka to diagnose and manage anaphylaxis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrani Nirmala Wijekoon ◽  
Indika Wettasinghe ◽  
Dinithi Fernando ◽  
Arosha Sampath Dissanayake ◽  
Malinda Gunawardana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Intravenous Route ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Case Diagnosis

Abstract Background Early recognition and the optimal management of anaphylaxis saves lives but studies from different countries have demonstrated gaps in knowledge and practices between healthcare workers. There is a paucity of such data from Sri Lanka. We assessed knowledge, perception and self-confidence in the diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis amongst pre-intern medical graduates who would soon become first-contact doctors attending emergencies. Methods This cross-sectional study included pre-interns who graduated with Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degrees in 2019 from three Sri Lankan universities with differing undergraduate curricula. Using consecutive sampling data were collected within four months of the final-MBBS examinations with a self-administered questionnaire and the answers on case diagnosis and management were used as the basis of outcome scores. Results 385 participants responded (response rate: 91.5%). 16.4% correctly identified all anaphylaxis triggers. Only 7.3% correctly diagnosed all ten case scenarios and 34.5% all seven cases of anaphylaxis. 98.2 and 97.9% correctly identified 1:1000 adrenaline as the first-line treatment and the intramuscular route. 9.9% would preferentially but incorrectly use the intravenous route if access was available. Only 79.2 and 55.6% knew the correct adult and paediatric doses of adrenaline and 50% agreed that follow-up care was needed. The mean scores for case diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis were 7.7/10 ± 1.4 and 16.9/20 ± 1.9, respectively. Multiple linear regression indicated that the final MBBS results classification (class of degree or no class indicated) was a positive predictor of case diagnosis score [class vs no class: B = 0.662 (95% CI 0.347–0.978), p < 0.001] and being a graduate of University 2 [B = 1.568 (95% CI 1.182–1.953), p < 0.001] and passing with a class at final MBBS [B = 0.716 (95% CI 0.319–1.113), p < 0.001] were positive predictors of management score. Self confidence in diagnosing and managing anaphylaxis were rated as 79.7 and 62.1% and there was a positive correlation between knowledge and perception scores and self-confidence (case-diagnosis: rpb = 0.111, p = 0.03; management: rpb = 0.164, p = 0.001). Conclusions Knowledge, perception and self confidence in the diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis was sub optimal amongst pre-interns and we identified areas that need improvement. A higher MBBS qualification classification was a predictor for correct diagnosis and management and confidence in diagnosis and management positively correlated with knowledge and perception scores. Further and enhanced educational and training strategies are needed for this life threatening emergency condition.

scholarly journals Prevalence of injury and its associated factors in a rural area of eastern Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
V K Khanal ◽  
R Upreti ◽  
U Oli ◽  
A K Sunny ◽  
A Ghimire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Injury Pattern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pattern Of Injury ◽  
Public Health Threat

Injury is a serious public health threat as it is one of the leading cause of death globally. This study aims to assess the prevalence of injury, pattern of injury and its associated factors among people residing in a rural area of Aurabani VDC of Eastern Nepal. A population based cross sectional study was carried out among 552 people residing in selected wards with door to door visit. The prevalence of minor injury was 3.1% and major was 0.4% per year in the study.Most common mode of injury was fall and most common type was incised wound. Injuries mostly occurred in extremities, in morning time, autumn season and in roads while most of the injuries were accidental in nature. 

scholarly journals Determination of Sagittal Skeletal Discrepancy through Beta Angle: A Lateral Cephalometric Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Farah Saleem ◽  
Zubair H Awiasi
Keyword(s):  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Beta Angle ◽  
Third Line ◽  
Cephalometric Study

Introduction: Accurate classification and treatment planning relies on correct diagnosis of skeletal and dentalrelationships. Commonly used measurements used to classify sagittal relationship ANB and Wit’s appraisal are not without potential inherent problems which might lead to less accurate classification of sagittal dysplasia. To avoid these problems, a new approach Beta angle was introduced by Baik in 2004. Beta angle as it involves different landmarks of classifying anterior-posterior relationships is said to be devoid of those problems thus more reliable. We conducted a cross sectional study to measure the angle among patients presenting in Nishtar Institute of Dentistry Multan Pakistan. Materials and Method: Ninety pretreatment cephalometric x-rays of patients between ages 12 to 30 years were selected and studied. They were divided into three classes based on ANB angle and Wit’s appraisal. For the measurement of Beta angle, a line was drawn from the center of condyle (C) to point A and other to point B. A third line joining A to B was drawn. A line from point A perpendicular to line C-B was drawn and angle was measured between this perpendicular and line joining A-B. ANOVA was used to compare means of three groups. Pearson correlational coefficient was used to correlate relationship between Beta angle and ANB angle. Result: The results showed Beta angle ranged between 27° and 34° for class I. Subjects having angle less than 27° can be classified as skeletal class II and those with angles larger than 34° as skeletal class III subjects. Conclusion: Beta angle is reliable method for assessing and classifying sagittal skeletal discrepancies 

scholarly journals An Audit of Indications for Hysterectomy in a District Hospital, Madikeri

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumanashree Mallappa ◽  
Aishwarya Ramanujam ◽  
Priyadarshini Monnappa ◽  
Padmaja Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
District Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Histopathological Findings ◽  
Abdominal Approach ◽  
Nonsurgical Management

Introduction: Hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus and is the most common gynaecological operation done in females worldwide. In the early 20th century, hysterectomies were done for many conditions like leiomyoma, Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB), chronic pelvic pain, endometriosis, adenomyosis, prolapse, and malignancies. Considering that the procedure has a 20-35% life risk, it calls for a thorough justification before consideration. A hysterectomy has mental, physical, social, economic and psychosexual impact, apart from intraoperative and postoperative complications. Thus, an audit on hysterectomies was done to help students, medical fraternity, and the women of Kodagu in having a better understanding of hysterectomies. Aim: To conduct an audit on hysterectomies performed for gynaecological indications to correlate pre-operative diagnosis with the histopathological diagnosis. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which included all elective hysterectomies performed for gynaecological indications conducted at the District Hospital of Kodagu Institute of Medical Sciences, Madikeri from January 2018-June 2019. All cases of hysterectomies were considered except Caesarean peripartal hysterectomies. The histopathological findings of the endometrium, myometrium, cervix, ovaries and fallopian tubes were recorded. Findings were tabulated as frequency and percentage. Then, using the data, preoperative indications were compared with postoperative histopathological findings to know if hysterectomy was justified. Results: A total of 238 hysterectomies were performed during 18 months in the District Hospital. Abdominal and vaginal approaches were used. Panhysterectomy via abdominal approach was the most common type of hysterectomy. The most common age group where hysterectomy occurred was 41-60 years. The most common indication for hysterectomy was found to be Fibroid uterus. Analysis of the myometrial findings revealed that the most common finding was leiomyoma. Majority of ovaries and fallopian tubes did not show significant pathology. Conclusion: Panhysterectomy was the most common type of hysterectomy. Fibroid were the most common histopathological findings and medium and small sized fibroids can be given a trial of nonsurgical management. Injudicious use of hysterectomy procedure has multiple loop holes involving medical fraternity, socioeconomic conditions of women and attitude of society towards female reproductive health.

scholarly journals Use of flexible bronchoscopy for rapid diagnosis of suspected tubercular cases in rural India

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 860-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer Singhal ◽  
Abhay M. Gaidhane ◽  
Nazli Khatib ◽  
Tripti Hrivastava ◽  
Sanjay Diwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Flexible Bronchoscopy ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Negative Sputum ◽  
Tuberculosis Therapy

Background: Reaching a correct diagnosis is a challenge for physicians treating any of the 30% to 50% of pulmonary tuberculosis patients who have negative sputum cultures or who present with no sputum.  Flexible bronchoscopy acquires special importance for these cases for whom empirical anti-tuberculosis therapy is the only option left. In our study we aimed to assess the diagnostic yield of flexible bronchoscopy in patients, suspected to have tuberculosis, whose sputum smears were negative. Methodology: In our hospital-based cross-sectional study, 42 patients were enrolled by consecutive sampling. Flexible bronchoscopy and selective bronchial washings were done in all patients.  Results: Bronchoscopy lavage smears were positive for M. tuberculosis in 10 (23.8%) patients. Fifteen (35.7%) patients had positive culture. Conclusion: Flexible bronchoscopy has an important role in the diagnosis of patients suspected to have tuberculosis, whose sputum smears are negative or who can not produce sputum.

scholarly journals A prospective study of spectrum of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV sero positive patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1856
Author(s):  
Ganedi Seshu Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Miliary Tuberculosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death in India contributing to 30% of total global burden. Approximately 0.5 million people dies of TB annually and 5% of the incident TB cases in India have HIV. So it is important to understand the effect of tuberculosis and HIV on each other. HIV epidemics have leads to increased number of tuberculosis cases with various presentations.Methods: It is an observational cross-sectional study of patients with HIV positive and pulmonary TB. Patients were investigated for HIV positivity by HIV coomb's test, if positive confirmed by capillaries and tridot method. Some patients, who are diagnosed as having pulmonary Koch, are sent for HIV testing. CD4 cells count as tested in all patients with HIV positive and severity of pulmonary TB and relation with CD count is studied in all patients.Results: In chest x-ray of patients we have observed that upper zone infiltration was found in 10 (16.67%) patients, mid and lower zone infiltration was found in 19 (31.67%) patients, bilateral infiltration and miliary tuberculosis was found in 22 (36.67%). We have found that 9 (15%) patients were presented with fibro cavitary lesion.Conclusions: From present study we can conclude that tuberculosis and HIV is common between 3rd and 5th decade of life with male predominance. It was more common in daily labourer and BMI was 18.22±3.21 kg/m2. Fever, weight loss and cough was most common presentation and present in more than 90% patients pallor and lymphadenopathy was common finding and present in more than 50% patients.

scholarly journals SPIROMETRY FINDINGS IN SUBJECTS PRESENTING WITH DYSPNEA IN BANNU DISTRICT, PAKISTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Fazli Maula ◽  
Nargis Noman ◽  
Iftikhar Ahmad ◽  
Abdul Razzaq ◽  
Muhammad Adil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Disease Patient ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Acute Bronchitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Dyspnea is a common symptom in patients presenting to emergency departments worldwide. The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of spirometry findings in subjects presenting with dyspnea in Bannu, KP, Pakistan. Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Bannu Medical College, Bannu, KP, Pakistan from 1st December 2015 to 31st march 2018. Sample size was 4300 selected through convenient sampling technique. All patients with acute and chronic dyspnea were included. Any patient unable to perform spirometry, recently diagnosed smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), recent myocardial infarction and any infectious disease patient were excluded. A self-administered proforma was used for data collection. The demographic variables were sex and age groups. The research variables were type of lung pathology, severity of obstructive lung pathology, severity of restrictive lung pathology, causes of obstructive lung pathology and causes of restrictive lung pathology. All variables being categorical were analyzed through count and percentages using spss version17. Results: Out of 4300 subjects, (55.72%) were males and (44.28%) were females. Two thousands four hundered and forty five (52.32%) had obstructive, (22.49%) restrictive, (12.9%) with mixed pattern and (4.3%) had normal spirometry. In obstructive patients bronchial asthma were (35.13%), COPD 741(30.3%) asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) (9.48%), acute bronchitis (05.64%), bronchiectasis 173(7.07%) and unclear diagnosis (04.17%). In restrictive patients post pulmonary tuberculous fibrosis (PTB) were (33.77%), cardiovascular disorders (28.35%), interstitial lung diseases (17.79%), chest wall disorders (6.47%) and unclear diagnosis in 143(13.6%). Conclusion: Ninety five percent of individuals were having an abnormal spirometeric pattern. mostly old males were having bronchial asthma & COPD as obstructive and PTB & CVDs as restrictive lung disease.

Possibilities of pulse oscillometry in the diagnosis of small airway dysfunction in patients with bronchial asthma

MedAlliance ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Keyword(s):  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Functional Method ◽  
Small Airway ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Body Plethysmography ◽  
Air Trapping ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Small airway dysfunction (SAD) is associated with poorly controlled asthma and frequent exacerbations. Objective: To assess the prevalence of SAD in asthmatics using spirometry, body plethysmography, and impulse oscillometry (IOS). Materials and methods: The observational cross-sectional study of 61 patients with asthma was performed. Conclusion available SAD was made on the basis of identifying one of the criteria or their combination: 1) slow vital capacity (SVC) - forced vital capacity (FVC) >10% according spirometry; 2) "air trapping" according body plethysmography; 3) presence of pathological frequency dependence of the resistance (R) at 5 and 20 Hz (R5-R20 > 0,07 kPa•sec/l) according IOS. Results: The analysis was performed for the entire group as well as for patients with FEV1 > 80 %pred. and FEV1/SVC < 0,7 (group 1) and patients with FEV1 > 80 %pred. and normal FEV1/SVC (group 2). SAD was most often diagnosed using IOS and the selected criterion R5-R20>0,07 kPa •sec/l since 75% of patients had this deviation in the entire group, 65% of patients in group 1 and 55% of patients in group 2 whereas only in 48% and 24% of cases in the entire group according body plethysmography and spirometry, respectively. Conclusion: SAD is definitely observed in patients with asthma. IOS is a more effective method of diagnosing SAD compared to spirometry and body plethysmography and can serve as a supplement functional method, especially in cases of normal parameters of spirometry and body plethysmography in asthmatics.

A STUDY ON CLINICAL PROFILE AND RISK FACTORS OF CEREBRAL PALSY

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-20
Author(s):  
C. Hemachithra ◽  
N. Meena
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Care Services

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common congenital neurological disorder. The etiological and the risk factors are many and an awareness of the interplay of multiple factors in the causation is crucial. The aim of the study is to investigate the clinical prole and risk factors of CP children in and around Chidambaram. A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted in the Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Chidambaram. Seventy clinically diagnosed CP children were enrolled and clinical prole and history were retrieved from the case sheets and the parents of CP children. The result shows that out of 70 CP children 53% of males and 47% of females were found. The anthropometric measurements like height and weight of the CP children were found lower than the normal. Among 70 children spastic type of CP was the most common, Athetoid type (5.7%) and ataxic type (5.7%) are the least common type. This study concluded that neonatal care services in Chidambaram should be reviewed to get more attention which helps to promote early intervention and rehabilitation of CP children.

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