scholarly journals Study of Platelet Parameters with Different Isolated Organism in Neonatal Bacterial Sepsis

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Rajiv Kumar Prasad ◽  
Amita Uday Surana ◽  
Chetan Chovatiya ◽  
Radhika Iyer ◽  
Nidhi Modi
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Platelet Response ◽  
Bacterial Sepsis ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
Severe Degree ◽  
Culture Positive

Background: Thrombocytopenia is a common hematological abnormality observed in neonatal sepsis and considered as early, nonspecific marker of sepsis. The studies related to organism specific platelet response are few. Objective: To assess the prevalence of thrombocytopenia and to study changes in various platelet parameters in relation to different isolated organism. Methods: A prospective observational study involving neonates with 1st episode of culture positive sepsis was done over a period of 18 months. The platelet parameters studied were incidence, degree, duration of thrombocytopenia; mean platelet volume and platelet nadir among neonate with specific organism isolated. Results: Out of 114 culture positive sepsis 31% Klebsiella, 30% Pseudomonas, 13% Citrobacter, 18% CONS, 4% Staphylococcus Aureus (S Aureus) and 3% had Acinetobacter sepsis. Overall prevalence of thrombocytopenia was 88%, of which klebsiella and S. Aureus sepsis observed 100% prevalence of thrombocytopenia followed by 88% pseudomonas, 80% coagulase negative staphylococci (CONS), 75% Acinetobacter and 66% Citrobacter sepsis. The proportion of severe degree of thrombocytopenia (18% Vs 4%), higher MPV (61% Vs 54%) and longer duration of thrombocytopenia (3.63 ± 0.49 Vs 2.95 ± 0.52) was observed more with Gram negative sepsis than with Gram positive sepsis and statistically significant difference in platelet nadir was observed with Gram negative sepsis. Severe degree of thrombocytopenia was seen in 50% neonates with Acinetobacter and 23% with Klebsiella sepsis. Acinetobacter, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas sepsis had higher mean MPV value, longer duration of thrombocytopenia and lowest platelet nadir.  The platelet parameters were less affected with Gram positive organism. Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia is a frequent occurrence in neonates with sepsis especially with Gram negative organism. Sepsis with Acinetobacter, Klebsiella & Pseudomonas organism was associated with prolonged duration, higher MPV and lower platelet count as compared to                    other isolated organisms.

scholarly journals Difference of Procalcitonin Levels in Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis Patients of Indonesia Army Central Hospital Gatot Soebroto in 2016

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Nindy Handayani ◽  
Soroy Lardo ◽  
Nunuk Nugrohowati
Keyword(s):  
Mean Difference ◽  
P Value ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Sepsis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Procalcitonin is known as a marker of infection and indicator for severity of infections. In sepsis, elevated procalcitonin levels in blood have a significant value that can be used as a sepsis biomarker. The aim of this study was to determine the mean difference of procalcitonin levels in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial sepsis patients.Methods: This study used quantitative method with cross sectional approach. The sample of this study were bacterial sepsis patients of Indonesia Army Central Hospital Gatot Soebroto in 2016 which were divided into two groups: Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial sepsis patients with the number of each group was 30 samples. The data were analyzed by using independent t test.Results: This study showed that mean levels of procalcitonin in Gram-positive bacterial sepsis patients was 6.47 ng/ml and Gram-negative was 66.04 ng/ml. There was a significant difference between mean levels of procalcitonin in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial sepsis patients of Indonesia Army Central Hospital Gatot Soebroto in 2016 with p value = 0.000 (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The mean difference of procalcitonin levels in Gram-negative bacterial sepsis patients were higher than Gram-positive bacterial sepsis patients, because Gram-negative bacteria have lipopolysaccharide which is a strong immunostimulator and increases TNF-α production higher than Gram-positive bacteria. 

scholarly journals Organism Specific Response of Platelet Count in Neonatal Sepsis

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Biplob Kumar Raha ◽  
Md Abdul Baki ◽  
Tahmina Begum ◽  
Nazmun Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
Fungal Sepsis ◽  
Culture Positive

Background: Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries and it is caused by Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria and fungi. Thrombocytopenia has been used as an early but nonspecific marker for sepsis. About 75% of culture positive neonates have thrombocytopenia. The severity and duration of thrombocytopenia varies in different types of organism. So, the objectives of this study were to examine platelet counts and platelet indices in neonates with culture proven sepsis and to determine if there was an organism specific platelet response.Methods: This cross- sectional prospective study was carried out in the special care baby unit (SCABU) under department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka from November 2008 to September 2009.Results: Total 120 newborn babies with culture positive sepsis were included in this study. Gram positive bacteria was found in 06 (5%), Gram negative bacteria was found in 58(48.3%) and fungi was found in 56 (46.7%) neonates. Thrombocytopenia was found in 95% of culture positive neonates. When compared with neonates with Gram positive sepsis, those with Gram-negative or fungal sepsis had a significantly lower platelet count, platelet nadir and prolonged duration of thrombocytopenia (p=<0.05). Fungal sepsis was also associated with prolonged duration of thrombocytopenia when compared with that of Gram negative sepsis (p=0.03).Conclusion: Neonatal sepsis is frequently associated with thrombocytopenia. However, Gram negative and fungal sepsis is associated with a lower platelet count, platelet nadir and prolonged duration of thrombocytopenia compared with that of Gram positive sepsis.Birdem Med J 2014; 4(2): 79-83

scholarly journals Thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis as a predictor of neonatal sepsis: a hospital-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shivaramakrishna Babji ◽  
Ajay Jayasheel ◽  
Nagapraveen Veerapu
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Early Marker ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Culture Positive

Background: Hematological changes in sepsis can aid in the early diagnosis of sepsis even before the culture reports are obtained. Of the various hematological parameters, the platelet count can be an early marker for sepsis. This study was carried out to evaluate the role of thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis as a marker of sepsis in neonates.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at a tertiary care center from1st January 2014 to 30th September 2014. During this period,623 neonates had features suggestive of sepsis, of which 190 turned to be having culture-positive sepsis. One hundred and ninety neonates aged between 0 to 28 days of life admitted in NICU with culture-positive sepsis were included in the study. The newborns were categorized based on platelet count and type of organism cultured. Chi square test was used to test statistical significance. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Among 190 participants, 50% had gram-positive organisms in culture, 37.9% had gram-negative sepsis, and 12.1% had fungal sepsis. The prevalence of thrombocytopenia among the participants was 39.47%. There was a statistically significant difference across the type of organism in sepsis (p<0.05). The difference in outcome across the platelet count status was insignificant, with a p=0.391. Conclusions: The most common organism causing neonatal sepsis was gram-positive organisms, followed by gram-negative organisms and fungus. Thrombocytopenia was present in all forms of neonatal sepsis irrespective of the causation. Hence, thrombocytopenia can be considered as an early marker of neonatal sepsis.

scholarly journals Organism specific platelet response in neonatal sepsis in neonates weighing ≤1800 gm

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1195
Author(s):  
Dipal M. Zanzrukiya ◽  
Pareshkumar A. Thakkar ◽  
Abhishek K. Thakkar
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Platelet Response ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fungal Sepsis

Background: Thrombocytopenia is an important but non-specific marker of severity of neonatal sepsis. Few studies have observed organism-specific response in platelet count, however this finding in not consistently seen in various studies. We carried out this study to look for organism-specific response of platelet count and indices in neonatal sepsis in our setup.Methods: A prospective analytical study was conducted during December, 2019 to November, 2020 at tertiary care centre of central Gujarat. Neonates weighing ≤1800 gm (n=100) were enrolled according to eligibility criteria. Sepsis screen including TLC, ANC, platelet count, platelet indices, micro ESR, CRP, and blood culture was done. Patients with culture-proven sepsis were divided according to organisms isolated from blood or CSF. Patients were followed up to the final outcome of their hospital stay. Appropriate analytical tests were used for the results.Results: Out of 100 patients, 69 had culture-proven sepsis, of which 40 (58%) were gram-negative, 21 (30%) were gram-positive and 8 (12%) had fungal sepsis. Of these 48/69 (70%) patients had thrombocytopenia. Of these patients with thrombocytopenia 60%, 30% and 10% in the first sample while 48%, 38% and 16% in the second sample had gram positive, gram negative and fungal sepsis respectively. Commonest organisms isolated were Enterococcus and MRCONS, and thrombocytopenia was not having specific correlation with any particular organism. There was no significant difference between mean and median platelet count of gram-positive, gram-negative, and fungal sepsis.Conclusions: Thrombocytopenia is significantly associated with neonatal sepsis. The effects of sepsis on platelet count are not organism-specific.

scholarly journals Anti-Microbial and Remineralizing Properties of Self-Adhesive Orthodontic Resin Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3550
Author(s):  
Aerin Choi ◽  
Kyung-Hyeon Yoo ◽  
Seog-Young Yoon ◽  
Bong-Soo Park ◽  
In-Ryoung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mesoporous Bioactive Glass

Self-adhesive resins (SARs) contain adhesives, which simplify the procedures of resin application, and primers, which provide sufficient bonding ability. In this study, mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBN) were added to a SAR to easily improve the physical properties and remineralization ability. The experimental resins comprised 1%, 3%, and 5% MBN mixed in Ortho Connect Flow (GC Corp, Tokyo, Japan). As the MBN content in the SAR increased, the microhardness increased, and a statistically significant difference was observed between the cases of 1% and 5% MBN addition. Shear bond strength increased for 1% and 3% MBN samples and decreased for 5% MBN. The addition of MBN indicated a statistically significant antibacterial effect on both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The anti-demineralization experiment showed that the remineralization length increased with the MBN content of the sample. Through the above results, we found that SAR containing MBN has antibacterial and remineralization effects. Thus, by adding MBN to the SAR, we investigated the possibility of orthodontic resin development, wherein the strength is enhanced and the drawbacks of the conventional SAR addressed.

scholarly journals Pyelonephritis in Pediatric Uropathic Patients: Differences from Community-Acquired Ones and Therapeutic Protocol Considerations. A 10-Year Single-Center Retrospective Study

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 436
Author(s):  
Giovanni Parente ◽  
Tommaso Gargano ◽  
Stefania Pavia ◽  
Chiara Cordola ◽  
Marzia Vastano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Pyelonephritis (PN) represents an important cause of morbidity in the pediatric population, especially in uropathic patients. The aim of the study is to demonstrate differences between PNs of uropathic patients and PNs acquired in community in terms of uropathogens involved and antibiotic sensitivity; moreover, to identify a proper empiric therapeutic strategy. A retrospective study was conducted on antibiograms on urine cultures from PNs in vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) patients admitted to pediatric surgery department and from PNs in not VUR patients admitted to Pediatric Emergency Unit between 2010 and 2020. We recorded 58 PNs in 33 patients affected by VUR and 112 PNs in the not VUR group. The mean age of not VUR patients at the PN episode was 1.3 ± 2.6 years (range: 20 days of life–3 years), and almost all the urine cultures, 111 (99.1%), isolated Gram-negative bacteria and rarely, 1 (0.9%), Gram-positive bacteria. The Gram-negative uropathogens isolated were Escherichia coli (97%), Proteus mirabilis (2%), and Klebsiella spp. (1%). The only Gram-positive bacteria isolated was an Enterococcus faecalis. As regards the antibiograms, 96% of not VUR PNs responded to beta-lactams, 99% to aminoglycosides, and 80% to sulfonamides. For the VUR group, mean age was 3.0 years ± 3.0 years (range: 9 days of life–11 years) and mean number of episodes per patient was 2.0 ± 1.0 (range: 1–5); 83% of PNs were by Gram-negatives bacteria vs. 17% by Gram-positive: the most important Gram-negative bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (44%), Escherichia coli (27%), and Klebsiella spp. (12%), while Enterococcus spp. determined 90% of Gram-positive UTIs. Regimen ampicillin/ceftazidime (success rate: 72.0%) was compared to ampicillin/amikacin (success rate of 83.0%): no statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.09). The pathogens of PNs in uropathic patients are different from those of community-acquired PNs, and clinicians should be aware of their peculiar antibiotic susceptibility. An empiric therapy based on the association ampicillin + ceftazidime is therefore suggested.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity and Flavonoids Content of Artemisia cina Berg. ex Poljakov Ethyl Acetate Extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Sri Kasmiyati ◽  
Elizabeth Betty Elok Kristiani ◽  
Maria Marina Herawati ◽  
Andreas Binar Aji Sukmana
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Significant Difference

The medicinal plant-derived bioactive compounds have a potential for many biological activities, including antimicrobial activity. Artemisia cina is a medicinal plant from the Compositae family with the potential of having antitumor, antifungal, and antibacterial activity. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity and the flavonoid content of A. Cina’s ethyl acetate extract. Plants samples were extracted by ethyl acetate maceration method. Antibacterial activity was tested against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) by a disk diffusion method using 25, 50, and 100 mg/l extract concentrations. The flavonoid contents (quercetin and kaempferol) were measured using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The extracts of diploid and polyploid A. cina displayed some antibacterial activity, with the Gram-negative bacteria being more resistant than the Gram-positive counterpart. However, no significant difference was observed between the diploid and polyploid extracts. As for the flavonoid content, the highest quercetin content (0.5501 mg/ml) was found in the polyploid A. cina (J), while the highest kaempferol content (0.5818 mg/ml) was observed in the diploid A. cina (KJT). Although A. cina is widely grown in Indonesia, compared to other Artemisia species, A. cina has not been widely studied, especially its antibacterial  potential and in related to its flavonoid content and the use of ethyl acetate as the extraction solvent.  This study reveals the potential of A. cina as a natural antibacterial agent. 

Environmental organisms from different hospital wards

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Dancer ◽  
J Raeside ◽  
M Boothma
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Defined Daily Doses ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Hospital Wards

T hree clinical wards in the same hospital, High Dependency (HDU), Care of the Elderly (CE) and Acute Psychiatry (AP), were screened for environmental organisms. The screening programme ran for four weeks and targeted comparable sites from all three units. Floor areas were similar, as were staffing levels, cleaning schedules, infection control policies and patient numbers. Organisms such as coagulase-negative staphylococci, Bacillus spp., coliforms, oxidase-positive Gram-negative bacilli, Clostridium difficile, enterococci, various fungi and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated. Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacilli were tested against clinically appropriate antibiotics. There was little variation in diversity or density of organisms from any of the wards, except for significant differences in antibiotic susceptibilities of the organisms (P<0.0001 HDU v AP, P=0.0057 CE v AP and P=0.0365 HDU v CE). From HDU, 49% (of 43) isolates were resistant to four or more antibiotics and from CE, 37% (of 54) isolates were resistant to four or more. From AP, just 2% (of 52) were resistant to four or more antibiotics. 9% HDU organisms were fully susceptible, as compared with 20% of those from CE and 27% from AP. Antibiotic data (in Defined Daily Doses (g)/100 bed-days) showed that HDU consumed over 12 times more antibiotics than CE, which in turn consumed twice as much as AP; these were mostly intravenous broad-spectrum agents for HDU, as opposed to oral preparations for the other two wards (Chi-square for each ward for linear trends by level of antibiotic intake were all P<0.0001). It was concluded that the only significant difference between environmental bacteria from wards of varying specialities in this hospital is their resistance to antibiotics. Heavy use of antibiotics in a hospital unit, as demonstrated by antibiotic consumption data, may be associated with increased antibiotic resistance in environmental organisms originating from that unit.

THE STRUCTURE OF CONDITIONALLY PATHOGENIC MICROFLORA, ISOLATED FROM THE UROGENITAL TRACT OF WOMEN WITH PATHOLOGICAL COURSE OF PREGNANCY

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
A. V. Kozlov ◽  
A. V. Lyamin ◽  
A. V. Zhestkov ◽  
O. A. Gusyakova ◽  
E. I. Popova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urogenital Tract ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Cervical Canal ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

The structure of the microflora of the urogenital tract of a woman is variable and diverse, changing its qualitative and quantitative composition can affect various physiological processes in the body of a woman, including the course of pregnancy. In this study, the results of cultures of 1415 samples of urine and cervical canal discharge of pregnant women were analyzed. Species identification was carried out by MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry using Microflex LT (Bruker) mass spectrometer. Gram-positive bacteria (69.5%) dominated the structure of the cervical canal microflora, among which Staphylococcus spp prevailed., Enterococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. Among gram-negative bacteria most often encountered microorganisms of the order Enterobacteriales, the predominant species among which was E. coli. Also, yeast-like fungi were isolated from the material of the cervical canal, their number was 11% of the total number of crops. Qualitative microbiological composition of urine was represented by gram-positive flora (68.7%), gram-negative flora (30.1%) and Candida fungi (1.2%). There is a significant predominance of coagulase-negative staphylococci (97.3%) over coagulase-positive (2.7%) in the structure of gram-positive microorganisms. The composition of gram-negative flora is mainly represented by bacteria of the order Enterobacteriales (71.4%). The study identified microorganisms that can cause postpartum complications and the development of inflammatory diseases of the newborn, which suggests the need for regular microbiological examination for pregnant women.

scholarly journals Infective complications in patients with lung cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 643-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Rancic ◽  
Lidija Ristic ◽  
Ivana Stankovic
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
Tracheobronchial Tree ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microbiological Agents ◽  
Febrile Episodes

Introduction. This study was aimed at analyzing the site, kind and type of infection which develop in patients having lung cancer at hospital treatment. Material and methods. Clinical data of the patients hospitalized for lung cancer were analyzed at the Clinic for Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis in Knez Selo in the period from January 2002 till December 2007. A great number of patients (1296-75.9%) had non-small cell lung cancer. In 1708 patients with lung cancer, 773 febrile episodes were recorded, i.e. 687 states of infections. Results. Most of the infections were recorded in the tracheobronchial tree (60.9%). The infection was confirmed microbiologically in 38% of infectious states. Predominant Gram positive pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus, but among Gram negative pathogens there were Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae. Discussion. A significantly better therapy response to antibiotics was found in the group of patients where microbiological agents were isolated (p<0.05). The predominant site of infection in the patients with lung cancer is the tracheobronchial tree without a significant difference between frequency of Gram positive and Gram negative pathogens.

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