scholarly journals Biochemical, Histopathological and Mutagenic Changes Following the Co-administration of Antihelminthic and Antimalarial Drugs in Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
A. A. Obiajunwa ◽  
E. T. Idowu ◽  
O. A. Otubanjo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Fatty Infiltration ◽  
Portal Tract ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Therapeutic Doses

Aim: To determine the effects of antimalaria and antheminthic drugs combination in the incidence of histopathological alteration and biochemical modulations in liver and kidney of albino rats. Place and Duration of Study: The study was undertaken at the Zoology Department University of Lagos Akoka Lagos Nigeria. Methodology: A total of twenty (25) Male adult albino rats of 13-15 weeks old were divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each and daily oral administration of human therapeutic doses of praziquantel (PZQ 50 mg/kg body weight) separate and in combination with ivermectin (IVM 0.4 mg/kg body weight), albendazole (ALB 15 mg/kg body weight) and Artemether-lumefanthrine (ACT 140 mg/kg body weight) was administered with the  group which serve as the control receiving 1ml distilled water. Toxic effects due to these treatments were investigated using histopathological, biochemical and mutagenic indices at day 8th and 15th of the study. Results: Biochemical assessment revealed significant reduction in AST, ALT, ALP and potassium in the treatment group compared to the control. Increase in the level calcium, Albumin and bicarbonate were also observed in treatment groups. Histopathological assessment of the liver showed a general incidence of focal inflammation along the portal tract area, but did not show any differential severity across treatment groups except for single PZQ treatment group which were characterized by fatty infiltration. A general occurrence of mesangial damage and glomerula injury was observed in kidney tissues. Renal lesions were more severe in single PZQ + IVM treatment groups while mild lesions characterized renal tissue from PZQ+ACT treatment groups. Mutagenic effects as indicated by the high incidence of sperm head abnormalities was recorded across combination treatments especially in PZQ+ IVR and PZQ+ ACT groups. Conclusion: Findings suggest that combination therapies are synergistic and could result in nephrotoxicity, antidiuretic effects, dehydration and mutagenicity at human therapeutic doses.

Evaluation of unconventional poultry feed in broilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Group I ◽  
Unconventional Feed

Background: Commercial broiler is a rapidly growing sector in Bangladesh. The broilers are supplied with the balanced ration prepared from a number of ingredients which are not available uniformly throughout the years. On the other hands, manufactured feeds are costly and inconvenient for the rural farmers. This study is undertaken to use unconventional feed ingredients aiming to decrease the broiler production cost. Method: A total of ninety-nine day- old broiler chicks (Hubbard) of either sex were used in this study in 3 treatment groups to assess processed unconventional feed item (shoti, blood meal, poultry dropping and molasses) on growth and profitability upon rearing for 60 days. Broilers were reared in dip litter system and were fed ad libitum on conventional and unconventional diet dividing into 3 treatment diets namely, treatment diet 1 (T1: Conventional as control), treatment diet 2 (T2: unconventional with blood meal and shoti), and treatment diet 3 (T3: unconventional with blood meal, shoti, poultry droppings and molasses) throughout the trial period. Treatment group 1 (T1) was used as control. Results: Broilers fed on control diet (conventional feed) achieved higher (P<0.01) body weight, while the broilers offered diets with the highest amount of unconventional feed had the lowest body weight. Increased (P<0.01) feed intake was observed during 21days and 49 days of age when broilers fed diets with the supplementation, but no significant differences were found among the groups in terms of feed consumption during 33 day of age. FCR differed significantly (P<.01) throughout the trial period with the broilers fed diets without supplementation of unconventional feed item had the superior FCR than the others. Mortality rate was 6.06%,9.09%, and 9.09% in treatment group I, treatment group II, and treatment group III respectively while live weights, feed conversion and feed consumption was unaffected by all the dietary groups with/without incorporation of unconventional feed item up to day 60 days of age. Statistically significant (P<0.01) decreased live weight was observed among the treatment groups in 60-day-old birds. Productivity and cost-benefit analysis were performed. Conclusion: Use of unconventional feed ingredients in broiler production greatly reduces the feed cost with little hampering the growth rate and hence, it is profitable for the farmers.

scholarly journals The Effect of Venom of Egyptian Spitting Cobra Naja nubiae on Vascular Permeability of Hepatic and Renal Tissues

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Asmaa Saad Mahmoud Shokhba ◽  
Mohamed A. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
Mohammed Alaa El-Deen A. Omran ◽  
Nahla Soliman El-Shenawy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Crude Venom ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Renal Vascular

Background: Among venomous elapid snakes, cobras have the highest public awareness, as their venom represents a combination of proteins, peptides, and enzymes that have a range of biochemical and pharmacological roles and are also the main constitutes of biological activity and lethal toxicity. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of the venom of Egyptian Spitting Cobra, Naja nubiae, on the vascular permeability based on the extravasation of the azo dye Evans blue (EB) into the tissues of the liver and kidneys of animals envenomed with low (¼ LD50; 0.32 mg/kg) and high (½ LD50; 0.65 mg/ kg) doses at three sampling times (30, 120, 360 min) post-injection of the venom. Methods: Fifty-four adult male Albino rats (8 weeks old and 180±2 0 g body weight) were divided into three main groups (n=6). In the control group, rats were subcutaneously (SC) injected with saline solution. Envenomed groups were SC injected, one group with 0.32 mg/kg and the other group with 0.65 mg/kg body weight of crude venom, respectively. Rats were I.V injected with EB dye 20 minutes before SC injection with saline solution as control animals and with Naja nubiae venom as treatment groups. Results: The results illustrated a high significant rate of EB extravasation to hepatic and renal tissues by the colorimetric determination of EB dye concentration. Conclusion: The venom of Naja nubiae can cause increased hepatic and renal vascular permeability which may explain the inflammatory effect induced by this venom.

scholarly journals Histopathological Study of Cyclosporine Pulmonary Toxicity in Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Said Elshama ◽  
Ayman El-Meghawry EL-Kenawy ◽  
Hosam-Eldin Hussein Osman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Body Weight Reduction

Cyclosporine is considered one of the common worldwide immunosuppressive drugs that are used for allograft rejection prevention. However, articles that address adverse effects of cyclosporine use on the vital organs such as lung are still few. This study aims to investigate pulmonary toxic effect of cyclosporine in rats by assessment of pulmonary histopathological changes using light and electron microscope examination. Sixty male adult albino rats were divided into three groups; each group consists of twenty rats. The first received physiological saline while the second and third groups received 25 and 40 mg/kg/day of cyclosporine, respectively, by gastric gavage for forty-five days. Cyclosporine reduced the lung and body weight with shrinkage or pyknotic nucleus of pneumocyte type II, degeneration of alveoli and interalveolar septum beside microvilli on the alveolar surface, emphysema, inflammatory cellular infiltration, pulmonary blood vessels congestion, and increase of fibrous tissues in the interstitial tissues and around alveoli with negative Periodic Acid-Schiff staining. Prolonged use of cyclosporine induced pulmonary ultrastructural and histopathological changes with the lung and body weight reduction depending on its dose.

scholarly journals Prebiotics Fructo-, Galacto-, and Mannan-Oligosaccharide Do Not Protect against 5-Fluorouracil–Induced Intestinal Mucositis in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (12) ◽  
pp. 2164-2173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Yazbeck ◽  
Ruth J Lindsay ◽  
Mark S Geier ◽  
Ross N Butler ◽  
Gordon S Howarth
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Mannan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
All Treatment

ABSTRACT Background Prebiotics selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria within the gastrointestinal tract, and have been investigated in human and animal studies for their capacity to improve intestinal health. Objective We investigated the prebiotics fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS), and mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) for their potential to alleviate intestinal damage in rats. Methods Female Dark Agouti rats (6–8 wk old, 110–150 g) were allocated to 1 of the following treatment groups (n = 8/group): saline/water, saline/FOS, saline/GOS, saline/MOS, 5-fluorouracil (5FU)/water, 5FU/FOS, 5FU/GOS, and 5FU/MOS. Rats were pretreated with either 5% GOS, MOS, or FOS or vehicle (water) from day −12 to day 0. On day 0, rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of saline or 5FU. Metabolic data were recorded daily and all rats were killed on day 3. Histopathology was quantified in hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections. Intestinal sucrase and myeloperoxidase activity were quantified by biochemical assay. Fecal SCFAs—acetic, propionic, and butyric acid—were also measured. Statistical analysis was by repeated-measures, 2-factor ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U test; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Body weight was significantly decreased in all treatment groups after 5FU injection, with no change in body weight observed in any prebiotic treatment group. Total food intake was lower by ≥7% in the GOS treatment group pre-5FU than in all other groups (P < 0.05). Ileal villus height was 18% higher in GOS-treated rats pre-5FU than in respective water controls (P < 0.05). Jejunal and ileal villus height and crypt depth were significantly decreased in all treatment groups after 5FU injection, with no prebiotic effect observed. SCFAs were differentially increased in prebiotic treatment groups compared with water-only controls (P < 0.05). Conclusions FOS, GOS, and MOS have differential effects in modifying small intestinal pathology and SCFA profiles in rats with healthy and damaged small intestinal mucosa.

scholarly journals Reproductive Toxicities Caused by Swainsonine from Locoweed in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenchen Wu ◽  
Ke Feng ◽  
Dezhang Lu ◽  
Dujian Yan ◽  
Tiesuo Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Swainsonine is the primary toxin in locoweeds. It causes intention tremors, reproductive dysfunction, emaciation, and death. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential reproductive and developmental toxicities caused by swainsonine in mice. The treatment groups consisting of three generations of mice were given a range of concentrations of swainsonine by intraperitoneal injection (2.50 mg/kg body weight (BW), 1.20 mg/kg BW, 0.60 mg/kg BW, and 0 mg/kg BW). The 0 mg/kg BW group exhibited significantly fewer estrous cycles and an increased number of estrous ones compared to the 2.50 mg/kg BW, 1.20 mg/kg BW, and 0.60 mg/kg BW groups (P<0.05). All three generations of mice treated with swainsonine had significantly higher spleen, liver, and kidney indices and significantly lower body weights compared to the 0 mg/kg BW group (P<0.05). For the first and second generations of treatment group, the copulation indices and the numbers of live pups on postnatal days (PND) 0, 4, and 15 were significantly decreased compared to those of the 0 mg/kg BW group (P<0.05). The fertility and gestation indices of the treatment group of the first generation were significantly increased compared to the 2.50 mg/kg BW, 1.20 mg/kg BW, and 0.60 mg/kg BW groups of the second generation (P<0.05). Cumulatively, these results indicate that swainsonine may cause reproductive and developmental toxicities in mice in both parents and offspring.

scholarly journals The anticancer activity of ethanol extract of Chromolaena odorata leaves in 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in (DMBA) induced breast cancer Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus)

Pharmacia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-499
Author(s):  
Hanifah Yusuf ◽  
Reno Keumalazia Kamarlis ◽  
Yusni Yusni ◽  
Marhami Fahriani
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Breast Cancer Chemotherapy ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background: Breast cancer chemotherapy with standard drugs such as doxorubicin will induce cardiotoxicity. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the anticancer activity of C. odorata leaves extract in DMBA induced breast cancer on rats. Methods: Seven groups of Rattus novergicus were used: Four treatment groups of C. odorata extract (500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg/kg BW), normal control, breast cancer control, and doxorubicin treatment group. The number, volume, and weight of the nodule and the rats’ body weight were compared among groups. Data was analyzed using paired t-test or one-way ANOVA with post hoc analysis as appropriate. Results: Significant decline of the number, volume, and weight of cancer nodules was observed in the treatment group (p &lt; 0.001). The weight of the cancer nodule at week 16th was also significantly reduced in GCo2000 compared to Gdoxo (p &lt; 0.0001). A significant increase in body weight was also dose-dependent, especially at week 11th (p &lt; 0.05 in all comparisons) and week 16th (p &lt; 0.001 in all comparisons). Conclusion: This study suggested that the ethanol extract of C. odorata leaves has anticancer and antiproliferative activity.

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effects of Ascorbic Acid and Allium sativum (Garlic) Ethanol Extract on Renal Parenchyma of Gentamicin-induced Nephropathic Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dayo Rotimi Omotoso ◽  
Joy Motunrayo Olajumoke
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Renal Parenchyma ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Tissue Weight

To assess ameliorative effects of Ascorbic acid (AA) and Allium sativum ethanol extract (ASEE) on renal parenchyma of gentamicin-induced nephropathic rats. Thirty Wistar rats (weighing between 180-205 g) were randomly divided into five groups (A-E).  These include Group A administered with 0.9% Normal Saline (0.5 ml/kg body weight (b.w.)), Group B administered with gentamicin (GM, 200 mg/kg b.w.) intraperitoneally (i.p.), Group C administered with GM (200 mg/kg b.w.) i.p. and AA (200 mg/kg b.w.) orally, Group D administered with GM (200 mg/kg b.w.) i.p. and ASEE (200 mg/kg b.w.) orally and Group E administered with GM (200 mg/kg b.w.) i.p. and AA (200 mg/kg b.w.) orally and ASEE (200 mg/kg b.w.) orally. All administrations were done once daily for a period of ten (10) days. The body weight of study animals was recorded at the beginning and end of study period. After the study period, renal tissue of study animals was harvested, weighed, processed, stained using H & E technique. Stained sections were examined under microscope for histopathological changes within the renal parenchyma and were scored using image-J software. The results of this study showed that exposure to GM results into significant (P < 0.05) reduction in body and renal tissue weight. However, therapeutic exposure to AA and ASEE either as individual or combined treatment regimen culminated into relatively null body and renal tissue weight loss among treatment groups C-E. In addition, exposure to GM precipitates prominent histopathological changes within renal parenchyma of study animals.  As observed with body and renal tissue weight changes, treatment with AA and ASEE also comparatively ameliorate GM-induced nephropathy within renal parenchyma of study animals in treatment groups. The findings of this study therefore showed that AA and ASEE exhibit ameliorative effect on the renal parenchyma of gentamicin-induced nephropathic rats either as distinct or combined treatment regimen.

scholarly journals The effects of crude extract of Amaranthus hybridus (000059604) on reproductive parameters of the male Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
M. O. Oyeyemi ◽  
V. B. Adedeji ◽  
A. M. Bankole
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Studies on Amaranthus hybridus (AH) have established its antioxidant properties. This study investigated the effects of AH on some reproductive parameters of forty-five sexually matured Albino rats (Wistar Strain) males. Amaranthus hybridus has been reported to have several protective and curative properties attributed majorly to strong antioxidant activity. They were randomly grouped into 3 with each group consisting of 15 rats. Group A received (per Os) Amaranthus hybridus (50mg/kg body weight) and group B had Amaranthus hybridus (100mg/kg body weight for 7 days. Group C (control) received distilled water for 7 days. Blood and semen samples were collected for analyses on day 1,8,15 and 22 post-treatments. The results showed that the sperm motility of group B in day 1, (2.00± 2.00%) rat was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than that of group C (26.00 ± 7.97%), whereas it was greatly improved in Group B (85.00 ± 4.47%) and Group A (60.00 ±4.47%) at the day 22 posttreatment. Livability of sperm cells were significantly higher (p < 0.5 0) in Group A (96.20±0.73%) and Group B (96.20±0.73%) compared to Group C (96.80±1.64%) at day 22 post-treatment. The histology of the testis of control and all treatment groups revealed normal testicular germinal epithelium full of viable spermatogenic cells. It is, therefore, concluded that Amaranthus hybridus extract given orally at 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg body weight, did not affect the normal cytoarchitecture of the testis and epididymis and can increase sperm production.

scholarly journals Response and Economic Efficiency of Broiler Chickens fed graded levels of Baker's Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplement

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-313
Author(s):  
W. Buba ◽  
T. S. Olugbemi ◽  
J. J Omage ◽  
S. Duru ◽  
A. O Iyiola-Tunji
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Baker’S Yeast ◽  
Baker's Yeast ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Treatment Groups

Two hundred and fifty-five day-old Ross White strain broiler chicks were used to evaluate the Response and economic efficiency of broiler chickens fed graded levels of baker's yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplement during the harmattan season in the northern guinea savannah zone of Nigeria. There were five treatment groups for both starter and finisher phases. The experiment lasted for eight weeks. Each treatment group had three replicates with 17 birds per replicate and fifty-five birds per group in a completely randomized design (CRD). Treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 contained 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% SC respectively. Results of the starter phase showed significant (P<0.05) differences in terms of final weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Treatment groups fed the control diet (0.0%), 0.5% and 1% SC had the best final body weight and body weight gain during the starter phase. The FCR was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the treatment group fed 0.5% SC during the starter phase. Mortality was higher (11.76%) in the control group compared to other treatment groups in the starter phase. During the finisher phase, treatment group fed 1.0% SC had significantly (P<0.05) higher final body weight, body weight gain and FCR. Apparent digestibility of crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, ash, dry matter and nitrogen free extract were better in treatment groups containing SC. The economic efficiency results of this study indicated that the birds fed 1.0% SC were more profitable compared to those fed the control diet. The net profit of the treatment group fed 1.0% SC was N 650.01 compared to the control (N554.35). This study concluded that the optimum inclusion level of Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in the diet of broilers starter was 0.5% and 1.0% for finisher diet for improved performance in terms of weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR). It is suggested that broiler chicken farmers should be encouraged to include Baker's yeast in the diet of broiler chickens for improved weight productivity and better feed utilization.

Histological Effects of Cotton seed Oil on Ovaries and RTWI among Female Albino Rats: RCT

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2627-2628
Author(s):  
Munazza Zahir ◽  
Ghazazfar Ali Khan ◽  
Summera Aslam ◽  
Arva Sarosh ◽  
Muhammad Shahzad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cottonseed Oil ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Trial Methodology ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Global Health Issue ◽  
Group 2

Background: Concerns over the rising infertility rate among humans is now becoming a global health issue. Aim: To observe the histological changes in ovaries while measuring relative tissue weight indices of all ovaries among different groups receiving cottonseed oil. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methodology: Twenty four adult female albino rats (12 weeks of age) were divided into 04 groups. Group-1 (Control) rats were given orally distilled water @ 400mg (equivalent to 400μl)/kg body weight per day. Group-2, Group-3 & Group-4 rats were given cottonseed oil (treatment groups) @ 400mg (equivalent to 432μl)/kg body weight per day, respectively, for a period of 30 days. Results: Cottonseed oil significantly reduced fertility in terms of follicles and ova in all treatment groups than control having non-significant differences among means of different groups. Conclusion: This study concluded that the crude cottonseed oil significantly affected female rat fertility in terms of reduced number of follicles and ova as shown histologically. However, it did not affect relative tissue weight indices among different groups. Hence, its use in edible products may result in increased women infertility. Keywords: Cottonseed Oil, Relative Tissue Weight Indices and Number of Follicles.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document