scholarly journals Salinity and Sodicity Status of the Floodplain Soils of Kebbi State, North Western, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
M. A. Augie ◽  
M. A. Adegbite
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Floodplain Soils

Floodplain soils are the sites for most of agricultural activities during dry seasons. With efficient irrigation facilities such as tube wells and water pumps, they can produce 2-3 short duration crops during a year. However, due to persistent irrigation activities, these soils are always susceptible to salinization and sodicity hazards. High salt content in the soil inhibits uptake of plant nutrients and water, while high sodium content in sodic soils destroys soil structure and consequently reduces the rate of permeability and aeration. In view of this, it becomes necessary to assess the level of salinity and sodicity of the floodplain soils of the study area; Augie, Argungu, Birnin Kebbi and Bunza Local Government Area of Kebbi State, so as to ascertain the appropriate management practices to be applied on these soils. Soluble salts were as such analyzed. It was observed that the calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+) and Sodium (Na2+), were in the value of 1.90cmol(+)kg-1, 1.66cmol(+)kg-1, 0.16cmol(+)kg-1, and 0.34cmol(+)kg-1, respectively. Salinity and sodicity determinants were also analyzed where pH was observed to be 6.88, electrical conductivity (EC) 0.19dSm-1 exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) 2.09%. The data were subjected to statistical analysis so as understand the relationship between the four local government areas. Based on the concentration of pH, EC and ESP, the soils could be said to be free from salinity and sodicity hazards at least for now. However, due to the high concentration of Mg2+, K+ and Na+, the soils could be said to have potential threat to salinity and sodicity problems and therefore proper management strategies should be practiced to prevent their further concentration.

Understanding salt reduction in fat-reduced hot dog sausages: Network structure, emulsion stability and consumer acceptance

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Rodrigues ◽  
Letícia A Gonçalves ◽  
Francisco AL Carvalho ◽  
Manoela Pires ◽  
Yana JP Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Meat Product ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Hot Dog

High sodium and fat contents are cause of concerns for industries and consumers of meat products. Direct reduction of NaCl and fat is a useful strategy to understand how these ingredients interfere with the quality parameters of an emulsified meat product and how to reduce them without significant changes from the original product. The aim of this work was to understand salt reduction in fat-reduced (10 g fat/100 g product) hot dog sausages. Five NaCl concentrations were tested: 1% (F1), 1.25% (F1.25), 1.50% (F1.50), 1.75% (F1.75) and 2% (F2 – control). Proximate composition, sodium content, water activity, pH, emulsion stability, color, texture, scanning electron microscopy results and sensory attributes (just-about-right and acceptance tests) were assessed. Emulsion stability decreased ( P < 0.05) with salt reduction. Salt reduction increased water activity. Microscopic images showed a more compact matrix with the decrease in salt content. Sausages with the minimum (F1) and maximum (F2) amounts of salt were less accepted by consumers. A reduction of 26.8% of sodium can be obtained (with the formulation F1.25), allowing the labeling of sodium-reduced sausage and with acceptance by consumers.

Spatial variability of regolith leaching and salinity in relation to Whole Farm Planning

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Williams ◽  
J. Walker ◽  
J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Salt Lakes ◽  
Farm Planning ◽  
Environmental Management Strategies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Regional Groundwater

An electromagnetic induction (EM31) survey was carried out on a 700-ha property in the western basalt plains of Victoria. The apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) was interpreted in terms of the inferred salt content and, hence, the degree of leaching or recharge through the upper 5 m of the regolith. The focus of the survey was to determine the spatial variability of ECa across a landscape of low relief which included salt lakes. The area mapped is subject to regional groundwater discharge. All parts of the property exhibited hydrological ‘sinks’ and ‘trenches’ of relatively low ECa values, interpreted as areas of preferential recharge or leaching through the regolith. They ranged in size from 200 to 500 m in diameter and/or length and were not related to relief. This apparent hydrological ‘holeyness’ of the upper regolith suggests local recharge into the regional groundwater system. This finding has important implications for Whole Farm Planning and Environmental Management Strategies as local recharge can be reduced by manipulating ground cover and land-use practices. Both the mean and standard deviation of ECa values across the property provide a rational basis for planning land management practices. The location of hydrological ‘holes’ can be built in as significant layers in Whole Farm Plans to minimise water entering the water table and/or salt lakes.

scholarly journals Sodium Content of Foods Sold in the Spanish Market. Results from the BADALI Project

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3410
Author(s):  
Marta Beltrá ◽  
Fernando Borrás ◽  
Ana B. Ropero
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Pan American

High sodium/salt intake is a risk factor for Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Excess sodium intake has been associated with high coronary heart disease, stroke and high blood pressure. The sodium daily intake is above the recommendations in the world as well as in Spain. Reducing salt content in processed foods and ready meals is one of the main strategies for reducing sodium intake. The aim of the present work is to characterise the presence of sodium in foods sold in the Spanish market. We also study a possible shift in sodium content in products over the last few years. For this purpose, 3897 products included in the BADALI food database were analysed, classified into 16 groups (G). We found that 93.3% of all foods displayed the sodium/salt content in the nutrition declaration. Meat—processed and derivatives (G8) had the highest mean and median values for sodium content, followed by snacks (G15) and sauces (G14). Only 12.7% of foods were sodium-free (≤ 5 mg/100 g or 100 mL), 32.4% had very low sodium (≤ 40 mg/100 g or 100 mL) and 48.2% were low in sodium (≤ 120 mg/100 g or 100 mL). On the contrary, 47.2% were high in sodium according to the Pan American Health Organisation Nutrient Profile Model (PAHO-NPM), while there were 31.9% according to the Chile-NPM. The agreement between the two NPMs was considered ‘substantial’ (κ = 0.67). When sodium content was compared over the years, no decrease was observed. This analysis was performed in the entire food population, by food group and in matched products. Therefore, more effort should be made by all parties involved in order to decrease the sodium/salt intake in the population.

scholarly journals Response of Desert Lettuce to Controlled-release N Fertilizer

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 769F-769
Author(s):  
C.A. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
N Management

Lettuce produced in the desert typically shows large yield responses to N fertilization. However, concern about the potential threat of nitrate-N to ground-water has prompted additional studies aimed at developing improved N management practices. Field experiments were conducted between 1992 and 1995 to evaluate the response of crisphead lettuce to controlled-release N fertilizer (CRN). The use of CRN was compared to a soluble N fertilizer applied preplant (PP), and a soluble N fertilizer applied in split-sidedress applications (SD). Rates of N fertilizer application ranged from 0 to 300 kg·ha–1. Lettuce generally showed significant responses to N rate and N management practice. However, response to management practice varied by site-season. When conditions for N loss were high, SD and CRN management strategies were superior. However, in other site-seasons, SD management sometimes resulted in inferior head quality and marketable yield when compared to other management strategies. Data averaged over six site-seasons shoed improved yield and quality to CRN management strategies compared to PP and SD strategies.

BİLGİ YÖNETİMİ UYGULAMALARI KAPSAMINDA İNSAN KAYNAKLARI YÖNETİMİNDE MEYDANA GELEN DEĞİŞİMLER

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Ozan Büyükyılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Management Philosophy ◽  
Management Processes

The development and expansion of knowledge management as an important management philosophy has a significant impact on human resources management as well as on organization as a whole. In this context, knowledge management processes have been used as a strategic tool within human resources management.Therefore, functions of human resources management must adapt itself to this change. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of human resources management in the management of knowledge and to reveal the effects of knowledge management practices on the functions of human resources byexamining the relationship between human resources and knowledge management. In this context, a theoretical investigation was conducted. It has been determined that significant changes occurred on the functions of human resources management such as selection and recruitment, performance management, remuneration and reward, training and development within the framework of the knowledge management strategies.

Concepts and Practices for Improving Nitrogen Management for Vegetables

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Hochmuth
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Land Grant ◽  
Land Grant Universities ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
N Management

Efficient N management practices usually involve many potential strategies, but always involve choosing the correct amount of N and the coupling of N management to efficient water management. Nitrogen management strategies are integral parts of improved production practices recommended by land-grant universities such as the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Univ. of Florida. This paper, which draws heavily on research and experience in Florida, outlines the concepts and technologies for managing vegetable N fertilization to minimize negative impacts on the environment.

Sarasota Bay: Protection of a Natural Resource

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
R. A. Wagner ◽  
M. G. Heyl
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Sarasota Bay ◽  
Potential Benefits

As part of the Sarasota Bay National Estuary Program (NEP) evaluation of environmental problems, modeling tools were used to estimate pollution loadings from diverse sources, including surface runoff, baseflow, wastewater treatment plant discbarges, septic tanks, and direct deposition of rainfall on the bay surface. After assessing the relative impacts of the pollution sources, alternative management strategies were identified and analyzed. These strategies focused primarily on future development, and included structural and nonstructural best management practices (BMPs), as well as a regional wastewater treatment plan. Loading reductions, along with planning-level cost data and estimates of feasibility and other potential benefits, were used to identify the most promising alternatives.

scholarly journals Legumes increase grassland productivity with no effect on nitrous oxide emissions

2019 ◽  
Vol 446 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 163-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlete S. Barneze ◽  
Jeanette Whitaker ◽  
Niall P. McNamara ◽  
Nicholas J. Ostle
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Grassland Productivity

Abstract Aims Grasslands are important agricultural production systems, where ecosystem functioning is affected by land management practices. Grass-legume mixtures are commonly cultivated to increase grassland productivity while reducing the need for nitrogen (N) fertiliser. However, little is known about the effect of this increase in productivity on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in grass-legume mixtures. The aim of this study was to investigate interactions between the proportion of legumes in grass-legume mixtures and N-fertiliser addition on productivity and GHG emissions. We tested the hypotheses that an increase in the relative proportion of legumes would increase plant productivity and decrease GHG emissions, and the magnitude of these effects would be reduced by N-fertiliser addition. Methods This was tested in a controlled environment mesocosm experiment with one grass and one legume species grown in mixtures in different proportions, with or without N-fertiliser. The effects on N cycling processes were assessed by measurement of above- and below-ground biomass, shoot N uptake, soil physico-chemical properties and GHG emissions. Results Above-ground productivity and shoot N uptake were greater in legume-grass mixtures compared to grass or legume monocultures, in fertilised and unfertilised soils. However, we found no effect of legume proportion on N2O emissions, total soil N or mineral-N in fertilised or unfertilised soils. Conclusions This study shows that the inclusion of legumes in grass-legume mixtures positively affected productivity, however N cycle were in the short-term unaffected and mainly affected by nitrogen fertilisation. Legumes can be used in grassland management strategies to mitigate climate change by reducing crop demand for N-fertilisers.

scholarly journals Precision Agriculture for Resource Use Efficiency in Smallholder Farming Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1158
Author(s):  
Cecilia M. Onyango ◽  
Justine M. Nyaga ◽  
Johanna Wetterlind ◽  
Mats Söderström ◽  
Kristin Piikki
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
English Language ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Sub Saharan

Opportunities exist for adoption of precision agriculture technologies in all parts of the world. The form of precision agriculture may vary from region to region depending on technologies available, knowledge levels and mindsets. The current review examined research articles in the English language on precision agriculture practices for increased productivity among smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa. A total of 7715 articles were retrieved and after screening 128 were reviewed. The results indicate that a number of precision agriculture technologies have been tested under SSA conditions and show promising results. The most promising precision agriculture technologies identified were the use of soil and plant sensors for nutrient and water management, as well as use of satellite imagery, GIS and crop-soil simulation models for site-specific management. These technologies have been shown to be crucial in attainment of appropriate management strategies in terms of efficiency and effectiveness of resource use in SSA. These technologies are important in supporting sustainable agricultural development. Most of these technologies are, however, at the experimental stage, with only South Africa having applied them mainly in large-scale commercial farms. It is concluded that increased precision in input and management practices among SSA smallholder farmers can significantly improve productivity even without extra use of inputs.

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