scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Antifungal Activities of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linn.) Leaves Extract on Some Fungal Isolates

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
I. Y. Tafinta ◽  
N. H. Okoye ◽  
U. S. Batagarawa ◽  
I. I. Hamma ◽  
M. Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Incorporation Method

Introduction: The study on qualitative phytochemical screening and antifungal activities was evaluated on Cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linn.) leaf extracts using standard procedures. Objectives: With the view of evaluating its secondary metabolites and also assessing it’s antifungal activities. Methodology: The antifungal activities of the leaves extracts (aqueous and ethanol) were carried out using agar incorporation method at varying concentrations (20 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL, 60 mg/mL, 80 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL). The aqueous and ethanolic extracts were tested against Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer (isolated from street vended sliced fruits). Results: The phytochemical screening revealed that A. occidentale leaf extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) contained; Tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, Cardiac glycosides, Glycosides, Saponins glycosides, Saponins, Steroids and Volatile oils with the exceptions of Anthraquines and Balsams. The result shows that aqueous extracts has no significant inhibitory activity when compared to the ethanolic extracts against A. niger (p =0.05). The highest mean zone of inhibition (38.00± 5.00 mm) was observed at 100 mg/mL concentration of the aqueous extract and the lowest mean zone of inhibition (12.67± 2.51 mm) was observed at 20 mg/mL concentration of the ethanol extracts against A. niger while R. stolonifer were highly resistant to both extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the extract (MIC) was observed at 20 mg/mL for both extracts. Conclusion: Thus, the study showed that A. occidentale could be a possible source of obtaining new and effective drugs.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Crinum defixum Ker - Gawler Leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
A. Elaiyaraja ◽  
G. Chandramohan ◽  
J. Mariajancyrani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Indigenous Medicine ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Body Ache

Crinum defixum Ker - Gawler is a bulbous herb which has widely used in indigenous medicine for many diseases; mainly leaf and bulb extracts are of medicinal importance. Leaf extract is used as a treatment for pimples, body-ache, dropsy, carbuncle, paronychia, leprosy, fever and diarrhoea. The bulbs are crushed and applied on to piles and itching. The present study to determine the possible phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity of various leaf extracts of Crinum defixum Ker - Gawler plant. The phytochemical screening demonstrated the presence different types compound like flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, saponins and glycosides. The ethanol, methanol and crude extracts of Crinum defixum Ker - Gawler showed significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, proteus vulgaris and antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus when compare to different concentrations (μg/mL). The antimicrobial potential of test compounds was determined on the basis of mean diameter of zone of inhibition around the disk in millimetres. Thus, the present findings revealed the medicinal potential of Crinum defixum Ker - Gawler to develop a drug against various human ailments.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and antifungal activities in vitro of essential oils and extracts of twelve Algerian species of Thymus against some mycotoxigenic Aspergillus genera

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamina Ben Miri ◽  
Aldjia Taoudiat ◽  
Mohamed Mahdid
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

The aim of the study was to determine the phenolic and flavonoid content of essential oils (EOs), chloroform and ethanolic extracts of 12 Algerian Thymus species and evaluate their antioxidant and antifungal activities. EOs (1.73 ± 0.30–15.00 ± 1.24 μg/mg), chloroform extracts (33.8 ± 2.42–160.93 ± 3.88 μg/mg) and ethanol extracts (27.01 ± 3.56 –148.46 ± 4.40 μg/mg) showed considerable phenolic content. Flavonoids values of chloroform extracts ranged between 3.39± 0.17 and 20.27 ± 0.29 μg/ml while ethanolic extracts values ranged between 2.81 ± 0.11 and 26.64 ± 0.18 μg/mg. Results of DPPH showed that EOs, chloroform and ethanolic extracts exhibited strong radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 21.75 ± 6.54–338.22 ± 2.99 μg/ml, 22.91 ± 5.59–90.93 ± 1.36 μg/ml, and 33.51 ± 5.72–103.80 ± 4.54 μg/ml, respectively). Inhibition of β-carotene bleaching was potentially performed by all EOs (66.48 ± 2.41–94.06 ± 2.68 %), chloroform extracts (68.98± 1.58–95.30± 1.99%), and ethanolic extracts (62.15 ± 2.51–92.36± 1.15%). The antifungal activity of EOs and extracts was tested using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). The EOs (0.1 ± 0.00 mg/ mL – 1.06 ± 0.46 mg/mL), chloroform (0.1 ± 0.00 mg/ mL –1.06 ± 0.46 mg/mL) and ethanol (0.1 ± 0.00 mg /mL–1.6 ± 0.00 mg/mL) showed remarkable antifungal activity against mycotoxigenic Aspergillus genera. The MFC of EOs (1.0 ± 0.34 mg/mL and > 4.8 mg/mL) , chloroform (0.26 ± 0.11 mg/mL and > 1.6 mg/mL) and ethanol (0.2 ± 0.00 mg/mL and > 1.6 mg/mL) were fungicidal in nature higher than MICs. The findings of the study indicated that Thymus spp. EOs and extracts could be used as natural alternatives for food industry.

scholarly journals Screening of phytochemical compounds, trace metals and antimicrobial activity of Anacyclus pyrethrum

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Subasri ◽  
S. Ahmed John
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Plant Sample ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Positive Results

In the present study is phytochemicals, trace metals and antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum. The phytochemical screening of the crude ethanolic root, stem and leaf extracts showed the positive results of steroids, triterpenes, reducing sugar, sugar, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponin, tannins, anthraquinones and amino acids. The average mean concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in plant sample were BDL, 0.03, 0.42, 0.79, BDL, BDL and 0.58 mg kg-1, respectively. The descending order of the metal content in the plant sample were: Zn > Fe > Cu > Cd > Cr = Ni = Pb. Among various part of plant extracts studied for antimicrobial activity, root ethanolic extract showed highest of inhibition than leaves and stem ethanolic extracts.

Preliminary phytochemical screening, isolation and structural elucidation of chloroform leaf extracts of Maesa lanceolata

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
First Time

The aim of this study was to screen the phytochemical constituents, isolate and elucidate the structure of chloroform extracts from the leaves of Maesa lanceolata. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of the leaf extract of Maesa lanceolata was done following standard procedures and the tests revealed the presence of cardiac glycosides and saponins in the crude extracts. The chloroform extract of the leaves of M. lanceolata led to the isolation of one compound, C1. Structure determination was accomplished by means of spectroscopic methods (IR, 13C and 1H NMR). According to the spectral data (IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and DEPT), probably Myrsenene was identified which is reported for the first time from M. lanceolata.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Commiphora Africana Leaf Extracts on Some Bacteria Associated with Persistent Diarrhea

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Persistent Diarrhea ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

The study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of Commiphora africana leaf extracts against some bacteria associated with persistent diarrhea. Aqueous and methanol extracts from Commiphora africana leaves were prepared, screened for phytochemicals analysis and tested for antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella sp, Shigella sp and Escherichia coli. Phytochemical screening of the extracts showed that Commiphora africana leaf extracts contain Alkaloid, saponin, tannin, phenol, steroid, flavonoid, terpenoid and glycoside. Statistical analysis of the result showed that methanol extract demonstrated highest antibacterial activity with average zone of inhibition of 14.5 mm among the isolates than aqueous extracts (13.2 mm). Based on the susceptibility of the organisms to the extracts, E. coli was found to be the highest susceptible organisms with average zone of inhibition of 14.9 mm, followed by Klebsiella sp (14.2 mm), Shigella (13.9 mm), while least average zone of inhibition is shown by Salmonella typhi (12.4 mm). The MIC and MBC of the extracts ranges from 3.125 to 50 mg/ml There is no significant different on the susceptibility of the organisms against the extracts at p<0.05. The results of the present study have provided the justification for therapeutic potential of Commiphora africana leaf.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and cytotoxic evaluation of Bauhinia scandens leaf extracts using HeLa and T47D cell lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianah Lianah ◽  
RITA ARIYANA NUR KHASANAH ◽  
DWIMEI AYUDEWANDARI PRANATAMI ◽  
KRISANTINI KRISANTINI
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
T47d Cell ◽  
Tetrazolium Salt ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Culture ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Abstract. Lianah L, Khasanah RAN, Pranatami DA, Krisantini K. 2021. Phytochemical screening and cytotoxic evaluation of Bauhinia scandens leaf extracts using HeLa and T47D cell lines. Biodiversitas 22: 913-919. The aim of the study was to analyze the phytochemical contents and todetermine the cytotoxic activities of Bauhinia scandens leaf ethanol extracts against HeLa (human cervical cancer) and T47D (breast cancer) cell culture lines. Using a standard protocol, it was found that leaf extract of B. scandens contains phytochemicals that are widely known to have medicinal properties, such as phenols (17.57±0.098% w/w), flavonoids (5.91±0.098% w/w), saponins (19.42±0.091% w/w), tannins (1.24±0.035% w/w), alkaloids (1.31±0.001% w/w) and steroids (0.08±0.007% w/w). Results of 24-hr Microculture Tetrazolium Salt (MTT) assay show that leaf extracts of B. scandens can suppress cell growth at a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.95 μg/mLfor HeLa cells and 4.54μg/mL for T47D cells. This indicates that B. scandens is a potentially strong candidate for anti-cancer agents. The cytotoxic activities of the leaf extracts of B. scandens can be attributed to the total effects of the phytochemical compounds found. Further studies are recommended in order to isolate and determine individual effects of bioactive compounds in B. scandens.

scholarly journals Study on Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Adhatoda Vasica

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Adhatoda Vasica

Vasaka or Adhatoda vasica (L.) Nees is a well-known plant medication in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine. Cough, whooping cough, cold, and clinging phlegm in the mouth, throat, chest, or breast have been traditionally treated using Adhatoda vasica nees. The present study aimed to evaluate Adhatoda vasica's phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity. The preliminary phytochemical screening of alkaloids, steroids, saponins, phenols, and terpenoid yielded positive results. The antibacterial activity of ethanol and leaf extracts of Adhatoda vasica was investigated in this study. Based on the data presented herein, the largest zone of inhibition was found to be against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antifungal activity of Aspergillus clavatus was proven to have the maximum zone of inhibition. As a result, the current method may be effective in identifying new bioactive compound for the development of novel medications. Thus, it may be used as a strong antimicrobial agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogens.

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