scholarly journals Study on Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Adhatoda Vasica

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Adhatoda Vasica

Vasaka or Adhatoda vasica (L.) Nees is a well-known plant medication in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine. Cough, whooping cough, cold, and clinging phlegm in the mouth, throat, chest, or breast have been traditionally treated using Adhatoda vasica nees. The present study aimed to evaluate Adhatoda vasica's phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity. The preliminary phytochemical screening of alkaloids, steroids, saponins, phenols, and terpenoid yielded positive results. The antibacterial activity of ethanol and leaf extracts of Adhatoda vasica was investigated in this study. Based on the data presented herein, the largest zone of inhibition was found to be against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antifungal activity of Aspergillus clavatus was proven to have the maximum zone of inhibition. As a result, the current method may be effective in identifying new bioactive compound for the development of novel medications. Thus, it may be used as a strong antimicrobial agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogens.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Crinum defixum Ker - Gawler Leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
A. Elaiyaraja ◽  
G. Chandramohan ◽  
J. Mariajancyrani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Indigenous Medicine ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Body Ache

Crinum defixum Ker - Gawler is a bulbous herb which has widely used in indigenous medicine for many diseases; mainly leaf and bulb extracts are of medicinal importance. Leaf extract is used as a treatment for pimples, body-ache, dropsy, carbuncle, paronychia, leprosy, fever and diarrhoea. The bulbs are crushed and applied on to piles and itching. The present study to determine the possible phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity of various leaf extracts of Crinum defixum Ker - Gawler plant. The phytochemical screening demonstrated the presence different types compound like flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, saponins and glycosides. The ethanol, methanol and crude extracts of Crinum defixum Ker - Gawler showed significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, proteus vulgaris and antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus when compare to different concentrations (μg/mL). The antimicrobial potential of test compounds was determined on the basis of mean diameter of zone of inhibition around the disk in millimetres. Thus, the present findings revealed the medicinal potential of Crinum defixum Ker - Gawler to develop a drug against various human ailments.

scholarly journals Phytochemical constituent and antimicrobial properties of guava extracts of east Hararghe of Oromia, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dereje A. Oncho ◽  
Meseret C. Ejigu ◽  
Olyad E. Urgessa
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Shigella Boydii

Abstract Background There is a need for the screening more effective, affordable and readily available antimicrobial substances from local medicinal plants or herbs as the pathogenic bacteria are developing the resistance to common antibiotics. Guava (Psidium guajava L.) has antimicrobial activities and it is easily accessible to local populace in tropical region. Antimicrobial properties of guava extracts are attributed to the presence of different phytochemical constituents. The fact that phytochemicals’ constituents vary as a result of geographical locations and literatures about Ethiopian guava with respect to phytochemicals’ composition and content, and antimicrobial activities are hardly available, there is a need to analyze phytochemicals and antimicrobial properties of the Ethiopian guava from Oromia Regional State, Babile and Gursum Districts against Salmonella Typhi, Shigella boydii, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Methods Extraction was done by maceration. Qualitative analysis of phytochemicals was carried out using standard protocol and quantitative phytochemical determination was conducted using spectrophotometric and gravimetric methods. Antimicrobial activities were determined by disc diffusion and broth dilution method. Results Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, steroids and tannin, but the absence of flavonoid and phlobatannin in all Babile and Gursum leaf and bark extracts. Gravimetric measurement showed the highest terpenoid content of 105.00 ± 8.66 mg extract/g of powder in Gursum leaf extract. Similarly, spectrophotometric measurement showed the highest total phenol content of 0.205 ± 0.01 mg/g of the extracts as Tannic Acid Equivalent in Gursum leaf extract. Antimicrobial activity tests revealed that Babile leaf extract showed the highest 13.0 ± 6.79 mm zone of inhibition against Shigella boydii compared to that of other guava extracts. Babile leaf extract showed the lowest 2.375 ± 0.177 mg/ml minimum inhibitory concentration against Shigella boydii, while Gursum leaf extract showed the lowest 1.875 ± 0.884 mg/ml MIC against Salmonella Typhi. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, steroids and tannins in the all extracts, but the absence of flavonoids and phlobatannins in the all extracts and terpenoids in Babile extracts. The highest content of alkaloid and terpenoid (98.67 ± 14.43, 93.33 ± 8.82 mg extract/g of powder, respectively) were found in Babile leaf and Gursum bark extracts, respectively. Antimicrobial activity tests revealed that Babile leaf extracts showed higher zone of inhibition against all clinical isolates than that of Gursum leaf extracts, but Babile bark extracts showed lower zone of inhibition against all clinical isolates than that of Gursum bark extracts. Babile leaf extracts showed the highest zone of inhibition (13.0 ± 6.79 mm) against S. boydii, and Babile bark extracts showed the lowest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (1.250 ± 0.001 mg/ml) against S. Typhi. Conclusion Guava extracts from different location could be source of natural antimicrobial agents with different composition and content. In vivo antimicrobial activity, and isolation, identification and synergy of specific active compound that responsible for the antibacterial activity should be evaluated.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Euphorbia helioscopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. WAHEED ◽  
S.K. MUHAMMAD ◽  
A. SHOMAILA ◽  
Z. MUHAMMAD ◽  
U. IZHAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Fungal Strain ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition

ABSTRACT: Medicinal Plants have been used throughout the world by human beings as a drug and remedies for various diseases since time immemorial. A study was planned to count into the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of Euphorbia helioscopia. The plants were gathered and tested against some standard strains and some human pathogenic microorganisms i.e Escherichia coli, Bacillus Subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and three fungal strain Trichoderma, R hizopus nigricans, Aspergillus niger. The concentrations of extracting samples (500 and 1,000 mg mL-1) were used against pathogens. Ciprofloxacin was used as positive control in case of bacterial strains and Colfrimazol was used against the fungal strain while dimethyl sulfoxide as negative control. The outcomes indicated that the positive wells potency of Water extract had a 36 mm diameter of zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli and ethanol extract at 1,000 mg mL-1 had maximum (34 mm) zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilus (36 mm) zone of inhibition against Klebsiella pneumonia and 33 mm of zone of inhibition against Trichoderma harzianum. Likewise, water extract at a concentration of 1,000 mg mL-1 resulted highest value of zone of inhibition (36 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus, a zone of inhibition ( mm) against Salmonella typhi, 36 mm zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (32 mm) zone of inhibition against Rhizopus nigricans, a 34 mm zone of inhibition against Acremonium and (34 mm) zone of inhibition against Aspergillus niger. The most susceptible bacteria were K. pneumonia and Bacillus subtilis, while E. coli was the most resistant bacteria and showed zone of inhibition. The ethanolic extract had tannins, lipid, total proteins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, Alkaloid and polyphenolics.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial Activity of Gemmotherapeutically White Mulberry (Morus Alba) Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Abu Ul Hassan Faiz ◽  
Lariab Zahara Faiz
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
White Mulberry ◽  
Mulberry Plant

The present study was designed to find out phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of leaves of Mulberry plant. The phytochemical analysis was performed on quantitative and qualitative basis. The qualitative basis indicated the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, saponins and Anthraquinone. The quantitative analysis showed alkaloids (40%), glycosides (20.05%), flavonoids (14%), steroids (3.5%), tannins (11.9%) and saponins (11.5%) and anthraquinone (0.5%) presence. Antimicrobial activity against bacteria has been observed in the leaves of Mulberry (Morus alba) and showed zone of inhibition, Escherichia coli (7±3.3) mm, Staphylococcus aurous (8±3.1), Bacillus subtilis (9±2.5), Pasturella multocida (8±3.1) mm.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening, thin-layer chromatography and antimicrobial activity study of Parquetina nigrescens leaf extracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
Sunday Ogakwu Adoga ◽  
Deborah Ehikowoicho Ekle ◽  
Barnabas Aloo Kyenge ◽  
Terkaa Ogo-Oluwa Aondo ◽  
Chris Oche Ikese
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

Abstract Parquetina nigrescens leaves have been used in traditional medicine as an important and highly efficacious herbal remedy and have been recommended as a potential source of antimicrobial agent. Three extracts of the plant obtained using n-hexane, methanol and water were used as solvents. Phytochemical analysis of the plant extracts showed important bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenes, steroids, phenols and glycosides, but alkaloids were absent in all the three extracts. Agar disk diffusion method was used to study the antimicrobial activity of the extracts at different concentrations which showed activity against three gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus spp., one gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, and two fungus Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans with zone of inhibition ranging from 5-15 mm for n-hexane extract, 6-16 mm for methanol extract and 1-11 mm for aqueous extract compared to zone of inhibition for the standard antibacterial drug, 0.5 mg/mL Streptomycin that ranges from 13 – 37 mm and the zone of inhibition for the standard antifungal drug 5 mg/mL fluconazole that ranges from 24 – 25 mm. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most inhibited while E. coli was the least inhibited by the extract, and Candida albicans was found to be resistant to the extracts in all the concentrations. TLC finger-printing of the extracts using the solvent system – butanol : acetic acid : ethanol : distilled water in the ratio 50:10:10:30 showed spots with peaks different retention times ranging from 0.24 - 0.74 cm. The results provide justification for the use of the plants in folk medicine to treat various infectious diseases.

Phytochemical analysis and salivary amylase inhibition activities of Carica papaya leaf and Garcinia mangostana pericarp extracts and partially purified fractions

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Michael Russelle Alvarez ◽  
Paolo Robert Bueno ◽  
Raymond Oliver Cruz ◽  
Richard Macapulay ◽  
Francis Jayson Vallesfin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Salivary Amylase ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Plant-derived digestive enzyme inhibitors particularly those targeted to carbohydrate metabolism has been the focus of recent studies as natural supplements for weight control and diabetes. The present study explores the salivary amylase inhibition activity of Garcinia mangostana (Linn.) pericarp extracts and Carica papaya (Linn.) leaf extracts and fractions, as well as perform phytochemical screening and quantification, and thin layer – and high performance liquid chromatographic profiling. ­Results show that crude extracts and purified fractions were able to inhibit salivary amylase, with C. papaya fraction 1 being the most active at 30.89% inhibition. Phytochemical screening of all extracts tested ­positive for tannins, glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids. Quantification of phenolics showed that extracts contained high levels of phenolics, with C. papaya crude extract having the highest content with 219.0±12.7 mg GAE/g extract followed by G. mangostana crude extract with 247.1±18.0 mg GAE/g extract. Quantification of total flavonoids also showed C. papaya crude extract to contain the highest content with 55.12±0.679 mg QE/g extract. All extracts contained negligible alkaloid content, though. HPLC and TLC profiling showed several peaks and bands, when viewed in 210 nm and UV light, respectively. These results demonstrate in vitro the salivary amylase inhibitory activity of both plants and their potential as antidiabetic drug candidates; however, further studies need to be done, like isolation and structure elucidation of active components and toxicity assays. Keywords: Amylase inhibition, phytochemical quantification, Carica papaya, Garcinia mangostana

Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf Extracts ofAmomum nilgiricum(Thomas) (Zingiberaceae)from Western Ghats, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narasimha Murthy Konappa ◽  
Chandra Nayaka Siddaiah ◽  
Soumya Krishnamurthy ◽  
Brijesh Singh ◽  
Niranjana Siddapura Ramachandrappa
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts

scholarly journals Study on antibacterial activity of Calotropis procera

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Muzammal
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Mic Value

Comparative study of plant extracts crude and aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic with antibiotics, provide evidence that calotropis procera extracts has the similar antibacterial activity as these antibiotics against test pathogens i.e. Salmonella typhi and E.coli. The analysis of antimicrobial activity of aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic extract of leaves and flower of Calotropis procera was carried out in disc method and also determined MIC value at 600nm through optical density using spectrophotometer. The zone of inhibition produced by extracts was examined and compares it with zone produced by antibiotics. The effect exhibited by ethanolic extract of leaves and flower was significantly greater than the aqueous and methanolic extract of leaves and flower. Crude extracts i.e. latex, leaves, fruit and flower crude extracts. Among them, flower crude extracts shows similar zone of inhibition to test anitibiotics.while in MIC value, we made different concentration of extracts and antibiotics.i.e for crude we made 25%, 50%.75% and 100% concentration of crude juice and for the aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic we made 0.5mg/mL,1mg/mL,2mg/mL,3mg/mL,4mg/mL, 5mg/mL and 6mg/mL in Dimethyl salfoxide, and same antibiotics concentration. Aqueous leaves extracts show MIC at 0.5mg/ml against E.coli while against Salmonella it shows MIC at 1mg/ml... We also determine phytochemical analysis for presences of different compounds in crude extracts. The obtained results provide a support for the use of Calotropis procera, in traditional medicine and suggest its further advance investigation.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening, Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Cinnamon verum Bark

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Hamza Mohamed Ahmed ◽  
Ashraf Mahmoud Ramadhani ◽  
Ibrahim Yaagoub Erwa ◽  
Omer Adam Omer Ishag ◽  
Mohamed Bosharh Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Acetone Extracts

cinnamon dating from 1000 AD when it was firstly recorded in English due to its important as aroma and as herbs. The aim of this study was to investigate phytochemicals constitutes, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of commercial samples of Cinnamon verum bark. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, while the crude extracts were prepared by three different solvents methanol (70%), acetone and aqueous. Phytochemical screening of crude extracts was performed using standard methods. The essential oil was subjected to GC-MS analysis and tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Eschericchia coli and Candida albicans. The obtained results indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarin, tannins, terpenoids, saponin, glycoside, anthrocyanin and phenolic compounds in the methanolic, aqoueous and acetone extracts of C. verum bark; while the major components of the extracted essential oil of C. verum bark were cinnamaldehyde (85.50%), stigmasterol (3.69%), Cadinene (1.37%), (E)-cinnamaldehyde (1.35%), alpha-amorphene (1.33%), hydrocinnamaldehyde (1.28%), alpha-cubebene (1.25) and ergosterol (1.09%) respectively. The antimicrobial activity result indicated the high activity of the extracted essential oil against all tested microorganisms at high concentration; except in S. typhimurium and C. albicans at concentrations of 25% and 12.5% no activity was noticed. Based in our obtained results the essential oil of C. verum bark had high potential as antimicrobial agent, therefore, recommended for more advanced studies to be conducted on this abundant plant as natural source of antibiotics.

IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CYNODON DACTYLON (L.) PERS. LEAF EXTRACTS. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY BY ZONE OF INHIBITION ESTIMATION

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (04) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
S. M Pawaskar ◽  
◽  
K. C. Sasangan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity

The present study was undertaken to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial activity of the successive leaf extracts of Cynodon dactylon in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, methanol and water, against various gram positive & gram negative bacterial strains using zone of inhibition. Both Agar well diffusion method & Agar disc diffusion method were used to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy. The microorganisms used in the test were – Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, Salmonella paratyphi B, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Vibrio cholerac and Enterobacter aerogenes. Two fungal strains - Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were also tested to evaluate the antifungal potential of the said plant extract. The reference antibiotics chloramphenicol & ampicillin (antibacterial); nystatin & clotrimazole and (antifungal) were also tested against these standard microorganisms used in the assay and the results were compared with that of the plant extracts.The results of the study revealed that all the seven successive extracts of the leaf powder of Cynodon dactylon ( L.) Pers. exhibited prominent antimicrobial and antifungal activity against all microorganisms used in the study. The nonpolar extracts i.e. petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and acetone showed the most significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against all tested organisms. The petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts showing maximum inhibition in the range of 8 mm - 15 mm. This was closely followed by, acetone extract, which showed the inhibition in the range of 9 mm - 13 mm.

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