Recent Study on Measuring the Public Awareness toward Household Waste Management in Muharraq Governorate-Kingdom of Bahrain

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
S. Y. Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
The Public ◽  
Household Waste Management

scholarly journals MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN METAKOGNITIF (PENELITIAN TINDAKAN KELAS DI SEMESTER IV JURUSAN MATEMATIKA MATAKULIAH KALKULUS LANJUTAN LANJUTAN) TAHUN PELAJARAN 2014/2015. INCREASING CAPACITY THROUGH LEARNING CONNECTIONS MATHEMATICAL METACOGNITIVE (CLASS ACTION RESEARCH IN SEMESTER IV DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS CALCULUS COURSE CONTINUED CONTINUED) YEARS OF STUDY 2014/2015.

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irmayanti Irmayanti
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Class Action ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Front Page ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
The Public ◽  
Housing Complex ◽  
The Government

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan koneksi matematika mahasiswa/i melalui pembelajaran metakognitif di Semester IV Jurusan Matematika Tahun Pelajaran 2014/2015. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Subjek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa/i semester IV matematika. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran matematika dalam usaha peningkatan kemampuan koneksi matematika mahasiswa/i melalui pembelajaran metakognitif. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara: Observasi, tes, dan dokumen. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan: RPS, LKS, Tes dan Lembar Observasi. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus, yang masing-masing siklus terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk untuk siklus I untuk indikator 1, indikator 2, dan indikator 3 berdasarkan kategori Sangat Kurang (SK), Kurang (K), Cukup (C),  Baik (B) dan Sangat Baik (SB) berturut-turut ada sebesar 63,88%, 77,76%, 80,55%, 63,88%, dan 5,54%. Setelah dilakukan pemberian tindakan dengan model pembelajaran Metakognitif, banyak mahasiswa/i yang berhasil meningkatkan kemampuan koneksi matematika pada akhir siklus II, untuk indikator 1, 2 dan 3 kategori Sangat Kurang (SK), Kurang (K), Cukup (C),  Baik (B) dan Sangat Baik (SB) berturut-turut ada sebesar 13,88%, 44.43%, 33,32%, 116,65%, dan 91,65%. Dari penelitian ini dapat diperoleh simpulan bahwa melalui pembelajaran Metakognitif dapat meningkatkan kemampuan koneksi mahasiswa/i semester IV matematika Universitas Labuhanbatu. Kata Kunci: Kemampuan Koneksi Matematika, Pembelajaran Metakognitif. This study was conducted to determine the effect of household waste to the environment in terms of aspects of biology at the housing complex kel housekeeping earth. nevertheless compass excl. southern shoreline. This research is a field (Field Research) is a research .Populasi residents handle garbage Complex Graha Pertiwidalam citizens. Samples were done by using stratified random sampling.Untuk collect the necessary data in this study, the data collection tools used, ie observation, interviews, and Library Research.Teknik data collectors that researchers use is to conduct interviews with entrepreneurs as a developer Complex Graha Pertiwi the data collected from the field study will be presented systematically. The results of the research, that rubbish in Housing Complex Graha Pertiwi derived from household waste from residents who live in the complex. The type of waste that is often seen is composed of organic waste and garbage in the complex non organik.Setiap day Graha Pertiwi inmates on average to dispose of waste ranging from 1 kg / perharinya.Kesadaran high community waste management is big enough where their garbage stacked on the front page house and burned, so that the waste could not accumulate too lama.Kendala faced and penanggulangannyamasih efforts in creating public awareness of cleanliness lingkungan.Hal is seen from a habit of throwing garbage on tempatnya.Persepsi community about waste management is still concentrated in the government, whereas hygiene problem is a shared responsibility between the public and the government, the limited space for the collection and final disposal, as well as limited transportation funds rubbish. While a pile of garbage is increasing day by day. Keywords: Household Waste, Graha Pertiwi

scholarly journals SOSIALISASI PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH RUMAH TANGGA SECARA MANDIRI UNTUK EFEKTIFITAS PENGOLAHANNYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 728
Author(s):  
Ni'matur Rohmah ◽  
Yuni Susanti ◽  
Yeni Variyana ◽  
Lukman Haris Kurniawan ◽  
Muslimin Nasution ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Household Activities ◽  
Household Waste Management ◽  
The Village

ABSTRAKLimbah bersumber dari berbagai aktivitas manusia diantaranya aktivitas rumah tangga, industri, perdagangan, pertanian, perkantoran, dan sisa pembangunan. Namun aktivitas yang paling banyak menyumbang limbah adalah aktivitas rumah tangga. Pengelolaan limbah rumah tangga di desa masih dilakukan secara tradisional yaitu melalui penimbunan pada lahan kosong. Umumnya masyarakat desa menggunakan cara pembakaran untuk mengatasi penumpukan limbah tersebut. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk menambah pengetahuan dan menumbuhkan kesadaran masyarakat untuk menjaga kelestarian lingkungan melalui pengelolaan limbah rumah tangga secara mandiri. Penyuluhan pengelolaan limbah rumah tangga di desa Kaliploso melibatkan 30 peserta. Penyajian materi diawali dengan memberikan stimulus terkait pengetahuan peserta terhadap limbah rumah tangga dan jenis-jenisnya, kemudian dilanjutkan penyajian materi dengan metode ceramah. Diskusi yang dilakukan setelah penyajian materi diikuti peserta dengan antusias dan menghasilkan ide baru tentang pengelolaan limbah rumah tangga secara mandiri. Hasil kegiatan ini meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat dengan tingkat pemahaman 100% (30 peserta) dan menumbuhkan kesadaran masyarakat yang dibuktikan dengan munculnya ide percontohan pelaksana pengelolaan limbah rumah tangga jenis anorganik sebanyak 43,33% (13 peserta). Kata kunci: pengelolaan; limbah rumah tangga; desa Kaliploso ABSTRACTWaste comes from human activities such as household activities, industries, commerce, agriculture, offices, and residual of construction. But the most contributing waste is household activities. Management of household solid waste in the village is using traditional methods, by piling up on vacant land. The villagers are burning to overcome the pile. This activity aims to increase knowledge and public awareness to protect the environment through household waste management independently. Education of household waste management in Kaliploso village involves 30 participants. Presentation began by providing stimulus related to participants knowledge of definition and types of household waste, then continued with educate about household waste. The discussion was attended by participants enthusiastically and it produced new ideas about self-management of household waste. The results of this activity increase public knowledge with an understanding level of 100% (30 participants) and raise public awareness as evidenced by the emergence of pilot ideas for implementing inorganic types of household waste management as much as 43.33% (13 participants). Keywords: management; household waste, Kaliploso village

scholarly journals PENGARUH SAMPAH RUMAH TANGGA TERHADAP PELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN DITINJAU DARI ASPEK BIOLOGI DI KOMPLEK PERUMAHAN GRAHA PERTIWI KEL. URUNG KOMPAS KEC. RANTAU SELATAN EFFECT OF HOUSEHOLD WASTE VIEWED FROM THE ASPECT ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION BIOLOGY IN HOUSING COMPLEX GRAHA PERTIWI KEL. UNDO KOMPAS KEC. SOUTH RANTAU

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Risma Delima Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Front Page ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
The Public ◽  
Housing Complex ◽  
The Government

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sampah rumah tangga terhadap pelestarian lingkungan ditinjau dari aspek biologi di komplek perumahan graha pertiwi kel. urung kompas kec. rantau selatan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (Field Research).Populasi penelitian adalah warga Komplek Graha Pertiwidalam menangani sampah warganya. Sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik stratifikasi random sampling.Untuk mengumpulkan data yang diperlukan dalam penelitian ini, maka dipergunakan alat pengumpulan data, yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan Library Research.Teknik pengumpul data yang peneliti gunakan adalah dengan melakukan wawancara dengan Pengusaha sebagai pengembang Komplek Graha Pertiwi.Data yang terkumpul dari lapangan penelitian akan disajikan secara sistematis. Hasil penelitian, bahwa sampah di Komplek Perumahan Graha Pertiwi berasal dari sampah rumah tangga dari penduduk yang bermukim di komplek tersebut. Adapun jenis sampah yang sering terlihat terdiri sampah organik dan sampah non organik.Setiap harinya di kompleks Graha Pertiwi para penghuni rata-rata bisa membuang sampah berkisar 1 kg/perharinya.Kesadaran masyarakat yang tinggi akan pengolahan sampah cukup besar dimana sampah mereka tumpuk di halaman depan rumah dan langsung dibakar, sehingga sampah tidak sempat menumpuk terlalu lama.Kendala yang dihadapi dan upaya penanggulangannyamasih rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat dalam menciptakan kebersihan lingkungan.Hal ini terlihat dari kebiasaan membuang sampah yang tidak pada tempatnya.Persepsi masyarakat tentang penanganan sampah masih tertumpu pada pemerintah, padahal masalah kebersihan adalah tanggung jawab bersama antara masyarakat dengan pemerintah,terbatasnya lahan untuk pengumpulan dan pembuangan sampah akhir, serta terbatasnya dana transportasi sampah. Sementara tumpukan sampah meningkat dari hari ke hari. Kata Kunci: Sampah Rumah Tangga, Perumahan Graha Pertiwi This study was conducted to determine the effect of household waste to the environment in terms of aspects of biology at the housing complex kel housekeeping earth. nevertheless compass excl. southern shoreline. This research is a field (Field Research) is a research .Populasi residents handle garbage Complex Graha Pertiwidalam citizens. Samples were done by using stratified random sampling.Untuk collect the necessary data in this study, the data collection tools used, ie observation, interviews, and Library Research.Teknik data collectors that researchers use is to conduct interviews with entrepreneurs as a developer Complex Graha Pertiwi the data collected from the field study will be presented systematically. The results of the research, that rubbish in Housing Complex Graha Pertiwi derived from household waste from residents who live in the complex. The type of waste that is often seen is composed of organic waste and garbage in the complex non organik.Setiap day Graha Pertiwi inmates on average to dispose of waste ranging from 1 kg / perharinya.Kesadaran high community waste management is big enough where their garbage stacked on the front page house and burned, so that the waste could not accumulate too lama.Kendala faced and penanggulangannyamasih efforts in creating public awareness of cleanliness lingkungan.Hal is seen from a habit of throwing garbage on tempatnya.Persepsi community about waste management is still concentrated in the government, whereas hygiene problem is a shared responsibility between the public and the government, the limited space for the collection and final disposal, as well as limited transportation funds rubbish. While a pile of garbage is increasing day by day. Keywords: Household Waste, Graha Pertiwi

scholarly journals Ecofeminism Movement Through Household Waste Management In The Zona Bening Community, Batu City- East Java

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-119
Author(s):  
Fitri Yasin ◽  
Vina Salviana Darvina S ◽  
Su’adah Su’adah
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Data Display ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Core ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Community Data ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Household Waste Management

This study aims to describe the Ecofeminism Movement Through Household Waste Management in the Zona Bening Community, Batu City, East Java. This research uses a descriptive approach with the reason of using narrative nature, so that it can explore all the information from the informants about the activities of the ecofeminism movement through household waste management in the Zona Bening community. The subjects of this research are the core administrators of the Zona Bening community. Data was collected by means of observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used in this study uses an interactive model which includes data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing. Test the validity of the data using source triangulation techniques. The results of this study indicate that the household waste management activities carried out by the Zona Bening are a manifestation of the ecofeminism movement, this is because the actor who plays a role in the Zona Bening community is a woman who cares about the ecological space. Ecofeminism theory by Vandana Shiva is used as the basis of analysis in this study because the ecofeminism movement is a benchmark that there is awareness that can be shared with the public about the importance of maintaining and preserving the environment that can blend with nature, thus forming harmonization between nature and humans in accordance with the concept of balance.

scholarly journals Tingkat Kepedulian Masyarakat Terhadap Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga di Kota Banda Aceh

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-241
Author(s):  
Teuku Muhammad Hafizh ◽  
Azhar Azhar ◽  
Ahmad Humam Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Rank Analysis ◽  
The People ◽  
Knowledge Variable ◽  
Household Waste Management ◽  
Banda Aceh

Abstrak.  Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga dan Sampah Sejenis Sampah Rumah Tangga telah diundangkan pada tanggal 15 Oktober 2012. Peraturan pemerintah ini sangat penting sebagai peraturan pelaksana UU Nomor 18 Tahun 2008 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah, sekaligus memperkuat landasan hukum bagi penyelenggaraan pengelolaan sampah di Indonesia, khususnya di daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sebesapa besar tingkat kepedulian masyarakat terhadap pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga di kota Banda Aceh dan melihat hubungan antara variabel bebas (X) yaitu pengetahuan, persepsi dan sikap dengan variabel terikat (Y) pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga. Tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga didapat sebanyak 76% masyarakat berpengetahuan baik, tingkat persepsi masyarakat terhadap pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga didapat sebanyak 54% masyarakat berpersepsi baik, dan tingkat sikap masyarakat terhadap pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga didapat sebanyak 53% masyarakat bersikap baik. Hasil analisis korelasi Rank Spearman terdapat hubungan signifikan yang cukup dan berhubungan searah antara variabel pengetahuan dengan pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga, hubungan persepsi dengan pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga di Kota Banda Aceh adalah tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dan tidak searah antara variabel persepsi dengan pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga, dan hubungan sikap dengan pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga di Kota Banda Aceh adalah tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dan tidak searah antara variabel sikap dengan pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga. Level of Community Awareness of Household Waste Management in Banda Aceh CityAbstract. Household Waste Management and other kind of Household Waste has been enacted on October 15, 2012. This government regulation is very important as the implementing regulation of Law No. 18 of 2008 on Waste Management, as well as strengthening the legal basis for waste management in Indonesia, especially in the regions. This research is intended to see how big the level of public awareness of household waste management in Banda Aceh city and to see the relation between independent variable (X) that is knowledge, perception and attitude with dependent variable (Y) household waste management. The level of public knowledge about household waste management is 76% of the people with good knowledge, the level of public perception on household waste management is 54% of people with good perception, and the community level on the household waste management is 53% of people with good attitude. The result of Rank Spearman rank analysis has significant correlation and has enough correlation between knowledge variable with household waste management, perception correlation with household waste management in Banda Aceh city there is no significant correlation and unidirectional between perception variable with household waste management, and correlation attitude with the household waste management in Banda Aceh City there is no significant correlation and unidirectional between attitude variable with household waste management.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Peran Serta Masyarakat dalam Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga Di Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-216
Author(s):  
Sahat Maniur Hutagaol ◽  
M. Arif Nasution ◽  
Abdul Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Household Waste Management

This study aims to determine and analyze the role of the community in managing household waste in Pakpak Bharat Regency and to identify and analyze constraints in household waste management in Pakpak Bharat District. Research informants were selected by purposive sampling. Data collection techniques used through interviews and observation. Data Analysis Techniques used in this study are qualitative data analysis techniques. The results of the study indicate that the role of the community in Pakpak Bharat District in waste management is still less important. The community still lacks a role in reducing household waste sources, and has less role in handling waste in their respective environments. The obstacle factor in waste management is the lack of public awareness to reduce the source of waste by avoiding products with a lot of waste to reduce the volume of waste, not trying to choose products that can be refilled, not using shopping in place of packaging from sellers, not trying to choose packaging that can recycled, and less actively composting organic waste.

scholarly journals Study on household waste management in Kampung Parit Haji Siraj, Johor, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Nazatul Nazira Binti Azahar ◽  
Mohamed Zuhaili Bin Mohamed Najib ◽  
Hazlami Fikri Bin Basri ◽  
Muhammad Noor Hazwan Jusoh ◽  
Tuan Noor Hasanah Binti Tuan Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Waste Management System ◽  
Waste Container ◽  
Household Waste Management

Waste management issue has been a major threat and challenge due to the undergoing rapid industrialization and urbanization not only to Malaysia, but also other countries around the world. To tackle that, the first step starts at household level where people are encouraged to try to manage their wastes properly. The aim of this study was to review the current practises of household waste management, to assess household awareness of the health and safety risked posed by inadequate handling of special household waste and to identify future prospect and potential for effective waste management system in Kampung Parit Haji Siraj, Ayer Hitam, Johor. A survey questionnaire was used to collect complete information on the objectives stated and the data were analysed using SPSS software. Results showed that 97.2% of residents were aware about waste management and social media with 80% contributed the most in delivering information about waste management to the public. The most type of solid waste generated from household were food waste and plastic with 94.4% and 86.1%, respectively. 66.7% of residents emptied their waste container once in 2 days and about 63.9% of the residents dispose their household waste in a hole near their compound. Majority of the residents are aware of any health and safety risked posed by inadequate handling of household waste. Lastly, waste management system in the area can be improved by providing proper waste disposal place and educating proper disposal ways to guarantee that residents do not discard their waste in an indiscriminate manner.

scholarly journals Household Waste Management in Formal Housing Developments in Afghanistan: A Case Study of Kabul City

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-72
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Household Waste Management

This study investigated the management of household solid waste in Kabul city, a planned urban city in Kabul Province, Afghanistan. The study involved assessment of waste quantification and composition, handling, collection, and disposal as well as public concern and attitude towards waste management. A questionnaire survey was conducted from 270 households (10%) selected on the basis of stratified random sampling. Quantification/ composition was determined by manually sorting and weighing daily waste from sampled households using the standard method ASTM-D5231-92. The solid waste generated per capita was 0.557±0.138 kilograms per capita per day (kg/c/d) (SD=0.138) and (3.75±0.33 kilograms per household per day (kg/h/d) whereas the total waste generation from Kabul city was estimated at 9.5 tons/d with a major fraction of food waste (92.5%) followed by glass (1.8%), metal and yard waste (1.6% each), paper (1.4%) and plastic (1.1%) insight income families. Nearly one-third of the households had no storage and practiced open disposal in street sand empty plots. Waste collection by the municipal authority was unsystematic and random with daily collection from only 10% of the households mostly using donkey carts. Key issues of public concern were improper solid waste management, waste burning, pollution of water bodies, disposal in empty plots and streets, and open dumping. Public awareness about solid waste issues was high however only 15% showed a willingness to pay for waste management.

scholarly journals Implementasi Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga Melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Pupuk Kompos Metode Takakura Pada Masyarakat Di Tangerang Selatan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Izza Hananingtyas ◽  
Mellyania Kencana Dewi ◽  
Nurul Fadhillah Kundari ◽  
Mala Zelika Yahya Putri ◽  
Qonita Nur Salamah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Religious Study ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Environment Effect ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Team ◽  
Household Waste Management

Berdasarkan data dari Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Tangerang Selatan pada tahun 2018, Tangerang Selatan Tangerang selatan menghasilkan sampah hingga 1.000 ton per hari. Jumlah sampah tertinggi yaitu 43,39% sampah organik dari dapur rumah tangga. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh tim Kesehatan Masyarakat UIN Syarif Hidayatullah bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, keterampilan, kesadaran untuk menerapkan pengelolaan limbah rumah tangga dengan Pelatihan Pupuk Kompos Takakura di Tangerang Selatan. Kegiatan ini dilakukan kepada Majelis Ta’lim dan kader kesehatan RW 04 Lengkong Gudang. Hasil dari kegiatan ini menunjukkan 78,6% peserta pelatihan melakukan pengolahan sampah organik di rumah mereka dan 71,4% peserta pelatihan merekomendasikan metode Takakura kepada orang-orang di sekitar, 67,9% masyarakat yang berpartisipasi merespons positif pengelolaan limbah rumah tangga dengan metode Takakura. Kegiatan ini diharapkan mampu mendorong masyarakat untuk menerapkan pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga. Dengan demikian, ini akan mengurangi limbah rumah tangga dan risiko dampak lingkungan, sehingga secara tidak langsung juga akan meminimalkan dampak kesehatan.---Based on data from the South Tangerang Environment Office in 2018, South Tangerang produces up to 1.000 tons of waste per day. The highest amount of waste is 43.39% organic waste from household kitchens. Community service activities undertaken by the Public Health team of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah aimed to to increase the knowledge, skills, awareness to implement household waste management by Training Takakura Compost Fertilizer in South Tangerang. This activity was carried out for the religious study group and health cadres of RW 04 Lengkong Gudang. The results of this activity showed 78.6% of trainees doing organic waste processing in their homes and 71.4% of trainees recommending the Takakura method to people around, 67.9% participants responded positively to manage household waste by the Takakura method. It was expected to be able to encourage the community to implement household waste management. Thus, it will reduce household waste and the risk of environment effect , so it also will indidirectly minimize health effect.

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