Water Requirement of Solanaceous Vegetable Crops in Kashmir Valley

Pumpkin [Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne) Poir], one of the most important vegetable crops in the Caribbean, ranking second among all the vegetables produced in Puerto Rico, had a farm value of 4.1 million dollars for the 2009-2010 growing season. Drip irrigation is the method most commonly used to meet water requirements in many of the vegetables planted in Puerto Rico. However, more information is needed on water requirements and response to different applications. An experiment was established using Pan A evaporation readings to determine the appropriate microirrigation management practices to enhance pumpkin production. Pumpkin plants were treated with four microirrigation applications, consisting of four levels of evapotranspiration replenishment (ERT) treatments. The ERT levels used were 25, 50, 75 and 100%; levels were based on evaporation data recorded at two locations in southwestern Puerto Rico (Lajas and Juana Díaz). The Pan A evaporation method was utilized to estimate reference evapotranspiration (ET0) and pumpkin evapotranspiration (ETC). The ERT did not significantly and consistently affect total leaf area, biomass or yield at both locations, although occasionally significant interactions were found between ERT and leaf areas and biomass measured through time. On the basis of a two-year average, commercial yield in Juana Díaz tended to be higher than yield in Lajas by 1,594 kg/ha. Juana Díaz showed higher water use efficiency than Lajas. The ETC estimates were found to be lower in Lajas.

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Energy and water requirements in the house mouse (Mus musculus)

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y68-090 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 617-620 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. J. Wood ◽

T. Nishimura

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Energy Intake ◽

House Mouse ◽

Mus Musculus ◽

Water Requirement ◽

Total Water ◽

Water Requirements ◽

Digestible Energy ◽

Mature Mouse ◽

Fecal Collection

The mature mouse has been shown to consume both feed and water at levels that are compatible with predictions that can be made from work with other species. The apparent digestible energy intake (A.D.E., kilocalories) was related to body weight (W, kilograms) by the equation A.D.E. = 148.7 W0.71, and the total water requirement (WA, grams) by the equation WA = 91.9 W0.73. The total water requirement increased by 0.605 g per kg-cal of apparent digestible energy ingested, WA = 0.222 + 0.605 A.D.E. An inexpensive apparatus for the measurement of feed and water intake and urine and fecal collection is described.

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Pumpkin response to microirrigation in two agro-ecological regions in Puerto Rico.

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v96i3-4.2853 ◽

1969 ◽

pp. 139-153

Author(s):

Elvin Román-Paoli ◽

Sonia Martínez-Garrastazú ◽

Luisa Flores ◽

Luis Almodóvar

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Management Practices ◽

Reference Evapotranspiration ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Water Requirements ◽

Total Leaf Area ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Four Levels ◽

Commercial Yield

Pumpkin [Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne) Poir], one of the most important vegetable crops in the Caribbean, ranking second among all the vegetables produced in Puerto Rico, had a farm value of 4.1 million dollars for the 2009-2010 growing season. Drip irrigation is the method most commonly used to meet water requirements in many of the vegetables planted in Puerto Rico. However, more information is needed on water requirements and response to different applications. An experiment was established using Pan A evaporation readings to determine the appropriate microirrigation management practices to enhance pumpkin production. Pumpkin plants were treated with four microirrigation applications, consisting of four levels of evapotranspiration replenishment (ERT) treatments. The ERT levels used were 25, 50, 75 and 100%; levels were based on evaporation data recorded at two locations in southwestern Puerto Rico (Lajas and Juana Díaz). The Pan A evaporation method was utilized to estimate reference evapotranspiration (ET0) and pumpkin evapotranspiration (ETC). The ERT did not significantly and consistently affect total leaf area, biomass or yield at both locations, although occasionally significant interactions were found between ERT and leaf areas and biomass measured through time. On the basis of a two-year average, commercial yield in Juana Díaz tended to be higher than yield in Lajas by 1,594 kg/ha. Juana Díaz showed higher water use efficiency than Lajas. The ETc estimates were found to be lower in Lajas.

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Development of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) Roots in Every Growth Stage In Flooding Conditions

Journal of Tropical Horticulture ◽

10.33089/jthort.v2i1.14 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Rabiatul Jannah ◽

Julianthy Diana Natalia ◽

Odit Ferry Kurniadinata

Keyword(s):

Growth Stage ◽

Natural Phenomenon ◽

Growth Phases ◽

Water Requirements ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Excess Water ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Agricultural Areas

Flooding is a natural phenomenon that often occurs in the rainy season arrives with high rainfall. This phenomenon give an effect to plant growth if it occurs in agricultural areas. This research was carried out at Samarinda, Indonesia. This study uses a completely randomized design non factorial, consists of 4 lavels ie; 4 hours height level 50% flooding (J1), 8 hours height level 50% flooding (J2), 4 hours height level 100% flooding (J3), 8 hours height level 100% flooding (J4), carried out with 4 repetitions. Flooding simulation is carried out 5 times in each growth phases of tomato plants. The data analysis used Anova. If the variance is significantly different, then followed by the LSD (Least Significance Different) at 5%. The results showed that simulation of flooding with times 8 hours height level 50% flooding had a morederate negative effect on tomato plants. The flooding simulation with times 8 hours height level 100% flooding gives the highest negative effect on tomato plants and the root, due to excess water requirements so that plants cannot meet needs of the plants.

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Role of Farmers Participatory Vegetable Breeding in Kashmir

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.v3i1.4104 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

LAL SINGH ◽

PRADEEP KUMAR SINGH ◽

HARI BAKSH ◽

SARVESH SINGH

Keyword(s):

Resource Conservation ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Zero Tillage ◽

Kashmir Valley ◽

Full Control ◽

Conservation Technology ◽

Raised Bed ◽

Selection Of ◽

Conservation Technologies

Vegetable crops are conducting under Farmers Participatory Research Trial in Temperate regions of Kashmir Valley. The trials are designed and managed by farmers, the researchers have only advice for selection of the resource conservation technology (treatments). Farmers have full control over the selection of treatments to be used on his/her field. The main objectives of this type of research is to be established and demonstrate the benefits of resource conservation technologies like raised bed, furrow irrigated planting system, zero tillage etc. over the conventional practices. In these type of trial farmers are briefed about new practices. The participating farmers are encouraged to experiment their own and are given the full control over the selection of subset of resource conservation technologies to be tested on their fields with a view to assess farmer innovation and acceptability.

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The Water Needs of Grapevines in Central Poland

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030416 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 416

Author(s):

Barbara Jagosz ◽

Stanisław Rolbiecki ◽

Roman Rolbiecki ◽

Ariel Łangowski ◽

Hicran A. Sadan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Temporal Variability ◽

Time Trend ◽

Reference Evapotranspiration ◽

Growing Season ◽

Water Requirements ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Central Poland ◽

Crop Coefficients ◽

Near Future

Climate warming increases the water needs of plants. The aim of this study was to estimate the water needs of grapevines in central Poland. Water needs were calculated using the crop coefficients method. Reference evapotranspiration was assessed by the Blaney–Criddle’s equation, modified for climate conditions in Poland. Crop coefficients were assumed according to the Doorenbos and Pruitt method. Water needs were calculated using the data from four meteorological stations. Rainfall deficit with the probability occurrence of normal years, medium dry years, and very dry years was determined by the Ostromęcki’s method. Water needs of grapevines during the average growing season were estimated at 438 mm. Upward time trend in the water needs both in the period of May–October and June–August was estimated. Temporal variability in the water needs was significant for all of the provinces. These changes were mainly impacted by a significant increasing tendency in mean air temperature and less by precipitation totals that did not show a clear changing tendency. Due to climate change, vineyards will require irrigation in the near future. The use of resource-efficient irrigation requires a precise estimate of the grapevines’ water needs. The study identified the water requirements for grapevines in central Poland.

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TIME SERIES ANALYSIS OF REMOTE SENSING OBSERVATIONS FOR CITRUS CROP GROWTH STAGE AND EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ESTIMATION

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b8-1037-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol XLI-B8 ◽

pp. 1037-1042 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. A. Sawant ◽

M. Chakraborty ◽

S. Suradhaniwar ◽

J. Adinarayana ◽

S. S. Durbha

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Time Series ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Water Requirement ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Crop Water ◽

Horticultural Crops ◽

Crop Growth Stages ◽

Crop Growth Stage

Satellite based earth observation (EO) platforms have proved capability to spatio-temporally monitor changes on the earth's surface. Long term satellite missions have provided huge repository of optical remote sensing datasets, and United States Geological Survey (USGS) Landsat program is one of the oldest sources of optical EO datasets. This historical and near real time EO archive is a rich source of information to understand the seasonal changes in the horticultural crops. Citrus (Mandarin / Nagpur Orange) is one of the major horticultural crops cultivated in central India. Erratic behaviour of rainfall and dependency on groundwater for irrigation has wide impact on the citrus crop yield. Also, wide variations are reported in temperature and relative humidity causing early fruit onset and increase in crop water requirement. Therefore, there is need to study the crop growth stages and crop evapotranspiration at spatio-temporal scale for managing the scarce resources. In this study, an attempt has been made to understand the citrus crop growth stages using Normalized Difference Time Series (NDVI) time series data obtained from Landsat archives (<a href="http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/"target="_blank">http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/</a>). Total 388 Landsat 4, 5, 7 and 8 scenes (from year 1990 to Aug. 2015) for Worldwide Reference System (WRS) 2, path 145 and row 45 were selected to understand seasonal variations in citrus crop growth. Considering Landsat 30 meter spatial resolution to obtain homogeneous pixels with crop cover orchards larger than 2 hectare area was selected. To consider change in wavelength bandwidth (radiometric resolution) with Landsat sensors (i.e. 4, 5, 7 and 8) NDVI has been selected to obtain continuous sensor independent time series. The obtained crop growth stage information has been used to estimate citrus basal crop coefficient information (Kcb). Satellite based Kcb estimates were used with proximal agrometeorological sensing system observed relevant weather parameters for crop ET estimation. The results show that time series EO based crop growth stage estimates provide better information about geographically separated citrus orchards. Attempts are being made to estimate regional variations in citrus crop water requirement for effective irrigation planning. In future high resolution Sentinel 2 observations from European Space Agency (ESA) will be used to fill the time gaps and to get better understanding about citrus crop canopy parameters.

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Assessment of anomalies and effects of climate change on reference evapotranspiration and water requirement in pistachio cultivation areas in Iran

Arabian Journal of Geosciences ◽

10.1007/s12517-020-05316-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hamzeh Ahmadi ◽

Mohammad Baaghideh

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Reference Evapotranspiration ◽

Water Requirement

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Crop water requirements of cotton

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600034158 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 177-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Joseph Hutchinson ◽

H. L. Manning ◽

H. G. Farbrother

Keyword(s):

Previous Analysis ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Water Requirement ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Energy Availability ◽

Crop Water ◽

Satisfactory Explanation ◽

Water Requirements ◽

Arable Crop ◽

Enormous Variation

1. Attention is drawn to the enormous variations in yield experienced in commercial cotton growing under rain-fed conditions. Yields at Namulonge have ranged from 161 to 1163 lb./acre.2. In seeking an explanation of this enormous variation past and present fertilizer trials in Uganda have failed to show that much of this variation is due to nutrient status.3. From Manning's previous analysis of yields in relation to seasonal rainfall, over many district trials, it is evident that 20–25 in. of rainfall per season is optimum.4. The purpose of more recent studies has been to examine the effect of distribution of rainfall within the season. Clearly the pattern of crop water requirement, also within the season, must supersede a simple seasonal concept of crop water use.5. Experimental evidence, based on several seasons' data, led to the conclusion that evapotranspiration rates exceeding the commonly accepted figure of 0·8E must in fact occur in order to provide a satisfactory explanation of results recorded.6. The within-season pattern of water requirement of an annual arable crop is shown to be more dependent on its state of development than on the pattern of a physical model based on calculations of energy availability.

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