scholarly journals Development of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) Roots in Every Growth Stage In Flooding Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Rabiatul Jannah ◽  
Julianthy Diana Natalia ◽  
Odit Ferry Kurniadinata
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Flooding is a natural phenomenon that often occurs in the rainy season arrives with high rainfall. This phenomenon give an effect to plant growth if it occurs in agricultural areas. This research was carried out at Samarinda, Indonesia. This study uses a completely randomized design non factorial, consists of 4 lavels ie; 4 hours height level 50% flooding (J1), 8 hours height level 50% flooding (J2), 4 hours height level 100% flooding (J3), 8 hours height level 100% flooding (J4), carried out with 4 repetitions. Flooding simulation is carried out 5 times in each growth phases of tomato plants. The data analysis used Anova. If the variance is significantly different, then followed by the LSD (Least Significance Different) at 5%. The results showed that simulation of flooding with times 8 hours height level 50% flooding had a morederate negative effect on tomato plants. The flooding simulation with times 8 hours height level 100% flooding gives the highest negative effect on tomato plants and the root, due to excess water requirements so that plants cannot meet needs of the plants.

scholarly journals Decontamination methods of tanks to spray 2,4-D and dicamba and the effects of these herbicides on citrus and vegetable species

2020 ◽  
pp. 1302-1309
Author(s):  
Gustavo Dutra Roesler ◽  
Luana Carolina Gomes Jonck ◽  
Rafael Pires Silva ◽  
Ana Victoria Jeronimo ◽  
Andreia Cristina Silva Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Lycopersicum Esculentum ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Plant Sensitivity ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Water Alcohol

In agriculture, the development of plants resistant to 2,4-D and dicamba tends to result in increased use of these herbicides in agricultural areas and consequently increases the risk in susceptible species. The aims of the present study are to assess the effects of 2,4-D and dicamba on citrus (Citrus sinensis var. Pêra Rio), lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. Stella) and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum var. Santa Clara) and determine the best method for spray tank decontamination after applying such herbicides. All the experiments followed a completely randomized design with five replications. To study the effects of 2,4-D and dicamba on sensitive plants, experiments were performed on the following cultivated species: citrus, lettuce and tomato. Each species was subjected to 2,4-D (D, 670 g a.i. ha-1) and dicamba (D, 560 g a.i. ha-1) applied at doses of 0 D, 1 D, 0.5 D, 0.12 D, 0.03 D, 0.007 D and 0.001 D (of commercial doses (Ds)). In another experiment, the following methods were adopted to clean tanks used to spray 2,4-D and dicamba at commercial doses: wash with water (1x), water (2x), water (3x), water + 96% alcohol (1:1), water + detergent (2.5%) or no washing. The tanks were filled with water after treatment. The young tomato plants were used as bioindicators. Regarding plant sensitivity, citrus plants exhibited low potential for suffering losses due to 2,4-D and dicamba drift. The plants tolerated a dose of 0.12 D for both herbicides. Lettuce and tomato were extremely sensitive to 2,4-D and dicamba. Lettuce tolerated 2,4-D at a dose of 0.007 D but showed phytotoxicity symptoms; the tolerated dicamba dose was 0.03 D. Only the 0.03 D dose of 2,4-D was tolerated by tomato. Although the tomato plants presented phytotoxicity symptoms, the tolerated dicamba dose was 0.007 D. For the tank cleaning experiment, the spray tank cleaning by thoroughly washing in water (2x) was the most appropriate method to clean tanks used to spray 2,4-D. Washing with water (2x, at a minimum), water + alcohol (1:1) or water + detergent was equally effective to clean tanks filled with dicamba. Therefore, the study shows that the application of 2,4-D and dicamba in areas close to young Citrus sinensis plants should be avoided given that vegetable species, such as lettuce and tomato, do not tolerate the minimum drift of these herbicides. Double washing with water would be the most economical and effective method of cleaning tanks used to house these herbicides.

scholarly journals Competitive analysis of soybean and sudangrass using replacement series design

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 668-675
Author(s):  
Mauro Antônio Rizzardi ◽  
Alana Cristina Dorneles Wandscheer ◽  
Andrea Ferreira Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Analysis ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Agricultural Areas

ABSTRACT Competition is the best known form of direct interference of weeds on agricultural crops. However, there is relatively little information on the competition of the weed sudangrass on soybean, which has been common in agricultural areas in the southern of Rio Grande do Sul. The objective of this study was to evaluate the competition between sudangrass and soybeans using replacement series experiments. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments consisted of soybean and sudangrass associations. The experimental units were 8-L plastic pots, in the proportions 0: 8, 2: 6, 4: 4, 6: 2, 8: 0, corresponding to 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the crop and weed respectively. Shoot, root and total dry matter and plant height were analyzed through diagrams applied to replacement series and competitive indices. Soybean showed competitive superiority in coexistence with sudangrass in relation to shoot, root and total dry matter. The intraspecific competition was more significant for the crop and inter-specific competition was more important for the weed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Guano Walet Fertilizer and Ratu Biogen Foliar Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Tomato (Lycopercicum esculentum Mill.) Monza Variety

AGRIFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Dian Kristina ◽  
Abdul Rahmi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Foliar Fertilizer ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Village

This experiment aims to: (1) to study of the effect of guano walet fertilizer and Ratu Biogen foliar fertilizeras well as their interaction on the growth and yield of tomato plants; and (2) to find proper dosage of guano walet fertilizer and proper concentration of Ratu Biogen foliar fertilizer for better growth and yield of tomato plants.The research carried out from May 2014 to July 2014, in the Village Melak Ulu RT.20 Subdistrict Melak, West Kutai. It applied Completely Randomized Design with factorial experiment 4 x 4 and five replications.  The first factor is the dosage of the guano walet fertilizer (G) consists of 4 levels, namely: no fertilizer application guano walet (g0), 10 Mg ha ̵ ¹, or 100 g of polybag ̵ ¹ (g1), 15 Mg ha ̵ ¹ or 150 g polibag ̵ ¹ (g2), 20 Mg ha ̵ ¹ or 200 g polybag ̵ ¹   (g3). The second factor is the concentration of Ratu Biogen (B) consists of 4 levels: without POC Ratu Biogen (b0), 1 ml 1 ̵ ¹ water (b1), 2 ml 1 ̵ ¹ water (b2), 3 ml 1 ̵ ¹  water (b3).Result of the research revealed that : (1) application of guano walet fertilizer affect very significantly on plant height at 14, 28, 42 days after planting, the number of fruits per plant, and weight of fruit per plant, but the effect is not significant on the days of plant flowered and days of plant harvest.  The best production is attained by the 200 g polybag-1 fertilizer guano walet (g3), namely 282,50 plant-1, In reverse, the least production is attained by without fertilizer guano walet (g0), namely 227,25 g plant ̵ ¹; (2) application of Ratu Biogen foliar fertilizer after significantly to very significantly on the plant height at 14 days after planting  and the number of fruits per plant, but the effect is no significant on the plant height at 28 and 42 days after planting, days of plant flowered, days of plant harvest, and weight of fruit per plant; and (3) interaction between guano walet fertilizer and Ratu Biogen foliar fertilizer no significantly on the plant height at 14, 28, and 42 days after planting, days of plant flowered, days of plant harvest, number of fruit per plant, and fruit weight per plant.

scholarly journals Leaching of Picloram in ultisol under different rainfall volumes

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (spe) ◽  
pp. 1129-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.C Assis ◽  
A.A Silva ◽  
L D'Antonino ◽  
M.E.L.R Queiroz ◽  
L.C Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Plot Design

The present study aimed to evaluate the leaching potential of Picloram in Ultisol columns under different rainfall amounts. For such, 30 treatments were evaluated (one soil associated with three levels of rainfall and ten depths).The experiments were arranged in a split-plot design, in a completely randomized design, with four replications. PVC columns of 10 cm in diameter and 50 cm in length were filled with these soils, moistened, and placed upright for 48 hours to drain the excess water. The herbicide was applied and rainfall simulations were carried out at specified intensities, according to the treatments, to force Picloram leaching. After 72 hours, all the columns were arranged in a horizontal position and opened lengthwise. Then, soil sampling was carried out every 5 cm of depth for subsequent herbicide extraction and quantification and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography. The remaining soil samples were placed in plastic pots, and, at the respective depths, the indicator species Cucumis sativus was sown. Twenty-one days after the emergence (DAE) of the indicator plants, evaluations were conducted to verify the symptoms of toxicity caused by Picloram in the plants. It was concluded that Picloram leaching is directly dependent on the volume of rain applied. The herbicide reached the deepest regions in the soil with the highest intensity of rain. The results obtained by bioassay were in agreement with those found by liquid chromatography.

scholarly journals Effect of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) Leaf Meal Supplementation in Broiler Chicken Ration on Weight of Internal Organs, HDL and Triglyceride Levels

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Ni Ketut Mardewi ◽  
Ni Ketut Etty Suwitari ◽  
Ni Ketut Sri Rukmini ◽  
I Gusti Agung Dewi Seri Rejeki ◽  
Ni Made Gemuh Rasa Astiti
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Range Test

This study aims to examine the effect of Moringa leaf meal on broiler chicken ration to the weight of internal organs, triglyceride levels and HDL. The material used in the study was 60 broiler chicken age 2 weeks strain CP707. The design used Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with five treatments and four replications in each treatment. The five treatments are 100% commercial rations without moringa leaf meal as control and 100% commercial rations with 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% moringa leaf meal. Parameters observed included, liver weight, gizzard weight, meat triglyceride levels, and HDL levels of meat. The data obtained were analyzed by completely randomized design. If among the treatments showed significant differences, then the study will be continued by Duncan's multiple-range test. From the results of this study it can be concluded that the addition of moringa leaf meal at level 10% in the ration is the optimal level to decrease the triglyceride of meat without disturbing the HDL content in the meat and the addition of moringa leaf meal up to 12% in the ration does not give a negative effect on the weight of internal organs. Keywords: Broiler Chickens, HDL, Internal Organ, Triglycerides

scholarly journals Tanggap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tomat yang Diinokulasi FMA dalam Pengendalian Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici)

Cassowary ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Cahterine Pentury ◽  
Antonius Suparno ◽  
Eko Martanto
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Root Diseases ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Control Root ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The Wilt in tomato plants is caused by Fusarium oxysporum sp. Lycopersici. Fusarium oxysporum is soil borne which causes considerable losses. FMA as a biological agent provides an alternative opportunity to control root diseases such as fusarium. The purpose of this study was to study the treatment of FMA inoculation which is appropriate while controlling the damage of tomato plants caused by fusarium. The research design used was the experimental method in Completely Randomized Design. The results showed that the treatment of mycorrhizae inoculated one week before planting and continued with fusarium inoculation at the time of planting showed good results in inducing the resistance of tomato plants to fusarium disease. This is evidenced by root colonization in tomato plants by 53% and the average intensity of attacks by 3.14%. The mycorrhizal treatment inoculated one week before planting and followed by fusarium inoculation at planting also showed good results in increasing the growth of tomato plants compared to other treatments applied by mycorrhiza.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Antioksidan Likopen Pada Buah Tomat (Lycopercisum esculentum) Terhadap Normalitas dan Abnormalitas Spermatozoa Sapi Bali dengan Metode Swim up.

bionature ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syuhriatin Syuhriatin
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
The Third ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Artificial Vagina

Abstract. This research is a type of experimental research carried out in a laboratory with the aim of knowing a symptom or effect that arises as a result of certain treatments. The research was conducted at the Immunobiology Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mataram University. The material used in the study was 1 male Bali cow, about 3.5 years old with a cow weight of 460 kg, which the semen was collected using an artificial vagina. The experimental design used in this study was a completely randomized design which was arranged in a factorial design consisting of 3 (three) factors. The first factor is the difference in layer (L) which consists of 2 (two) levels, namely the Upper Layer (LA) and the Lower Layer (LB). The second factor is the concentration of tomato lycopene (P) consisting of 5 (five) levels, namely: 0% (P0), 5% (P1), 10% (P2), 15% (P3) and 20% (P4). The third factor is storage time (H) which consists of 6 (six factors), namely 1 day (H1), 2 days (H2), 3 days (H3), 4 days (H4), 5 days (H5) and 6 days. (H6). The three factors combined to produce 60 treatment combinations, each treatment combination was repeated 6 (six) times so that there were 360 experimental units. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the addition of the tomato fruit lycopene antioxidant and the separation by the swim up method had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on the normality and abnormality of spermatozoa. The addition of tomato fruit lycopene antioxidants and the separation using the swim up method did not have an effect on increasing spermatozoa abnormalities, but did not have a negative effect on the spermatozoa of bali cattle.Keywords: antioxidant, tomato fruit, spermatozoa, bali cow

scholarly journals Physiological, isozyme changes and image analysis of popcorn seeds submitted to low temperatures

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo César Rodrigues Moreira Catão ◽  
Franciele Caixeta
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Enzyme Expression ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Radicle Protrusion ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract: This present study aimed to assess seed quality of popcorn seedlings subjected to low temperatures by examining their physiological changes, enzymes, and images. We used a completely randomized design with four replications in a factorial arrangement with four hybrids (P618, AP6002, AP8202, AP8203) and five temperatures (10, 13, 16, 19 and 25 °C). Their physiological quality was assessed through radicle protrusion, germination, dry mass of seedlings and emergence. We have assessed the images of seedlings through their hypocotyl and root lengths; and through rates of automatic force, uniformity and growth, provided by Groundeye. The isozyme expressions were determined for the catalase (CAT - IUBMB: EC 1.11.1.6), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH - IUBMB: EC 1.1.1.1), malate dehydrogenase (MDH - IUBMB: EC: 1.1.1.37) and α-amylase (α-AMY - IUBMB: EC 3.2.1.1). Results show that low temperatures cause a negative effect on seed physiological quality in enzyme expression of CAT, ADH, MDH and α-AMY and on the performance of seedlings. These alterations compromise seed quality. Hybrids AP6002 and AP8203 should be recommended for sowing at up to 16 °C. The Groundeye software was efficient in the analysis of popcorn seedlings and in for the assessment of seed quality when submitted to low temperatures.

Water Requirement of Solanaceous Vegetable Crops in Kashmir Valley

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Latief Ahmad ◽  
Sameera Qayoom ◽  
Baseerat Afroza ◽  
Owais A. Bhat ◽  
Nighat Mushtaq
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Studies on water balance and irrigation at agricultural areas require accurate values of reference evapotranspiration. The values obtained can help farmers to determine the water requirement of these vegetable crops so that proper irrigation can be applied according to its growth stage and weather condition. The objective of this study was to calculate water requirements for four Solanaceous vegetable crops: Tomato, Potato, Chilli and Brinjal grown in temperate conditions of Kashmir Valley. Water requirements were calculated using the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith Method. The total water requirement for tomato, potato, chilli and brinjal was found 458 mm, 286 mm, 343 mm and 410 mm respectively. The maximum water was required by all crops during the mid-season stage comprising nearly 45-60% of the total water requirement of the crop.

scholarly journals Physiological response of marandu grass seeds exposed to NPK fertilizer

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane da Cunha Codognoto ◽  
Thassiane Telles Conde ◽  
Kátia Luciene Maltoni ◽  
Glaucia Amorim Faria ◽  
André Rodrigues dos Reis
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Seed Mixture ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

ABSTRACT: To facilitate seeding process of forage species, a common practice is to mix seeds with fertilizers in monocropping and intercropping or in implementing integrated livestock production systems. However, in prolonged periods of contact, the fertilizer’s salinity and acidity negatively affect the seeds’ physiological quality. Therefore, this study intends to verify the effect of ten periods (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours) of exposure to granular NPK fertilizer 04-30-16 on the vigor and germination of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu seeds. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replication. The fertilizer and seed mixture registered a negative effect on seed moisture content, electrical conductivity, emergence, emergence speed index, and seedling and radicle length as the period of exposure to the fertilizer increased from 3 to 120 hours.

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