Consumption of Cattle Hide Singed with Scrap Tyre is Detrimental to the Liver, Heart and Kidney of Rats

The presence of essential amino acids in meat makes it a complete protein, this makes meat a highly sort after source of protein in the human diet. The World’s demand for animal-derived protein has been projected to double by 2050. As a result there is a resultant increase in livestock industries to meet this demand. While meat is generally consumed as a source of protein, processed cattle hide popularly known as “Kanda” in southeastern Nigeria is consumed as a substitute for meat though it may not necessarily provide the same level of nutritional value with meat. The method of processing this food delicacy (Kanda) by singeing with scrap tyre or firewood has opened the door for heavy metal and or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) contamination, thereby putting unsuspecting consumers at health risk. This study therefore investigated the effects of consuming scrap tyre and firewood singed cattle hide on the kidney, liver and heart of male Wistar rats. The study took place for 21 days at the department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Owerri. 35 rats were divided into 7 groups of 5 each, allowed to acclimatize for 7 days and fed with the cattle hide processed with scrap tyre (group 1-3) and cattle hide processed with firewood (group 4-6) while group 7 which served as control was fed with normal standard rat pellet feed. It was observed that consuming these processed hides increased the marker enzymes for heart, kidney and liver damage like lactate dehydrogenase, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, creatine kinase and alkaline phosphatase with groups that were fed with the hide singed with scrap tyre showing severe elevations. Consuming the singed Kanda also significantly decreased the serum concentrations of K+, Na+, Cl- , and significantly increased HCO3- and urea concentration. An examination of the organ tissues also revealed serious morphological changes. In conclusion, consuming singed Kanda had detrimental effects on the vital organs studied.

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Consumption of Cattle Hide Singed with Scrap Tyre is Detrimental to the Liver, Heart and Kidney of Rats

10.1101/2020.03.18.996397 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Eze. C. Woko ◽

C.O. Ibegbulem ◽

Chinwe. S. Alisi

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Value ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Serum Marker ◽

Southeastern Nigeria ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Resultant Increase ◽

Complete Protein ◽

Kidney Liver

AbstractThe presence of essential amino acids in meat makes it a complete protein, this makes meat a highly sort after source of protein in the human diet. The World’s demand for animal-derived protein has been projected to double by 2050. As a result there is a resultant increase in livestock industries to meet this demand. While meat is generally consumed as a source of protein, processed cattle hide popularly known as “Kanda” in southeastern Nigeria is consumed as a substitute for meat though it may not necessarily provide the same level of nutritional value with meat. The method of processing this food delicacy (Kanda) by singeing with scrap tyre or firewood has opened the door for heavy metal and or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) contamination, thereby putting unsuspecting consumers at health risk. This study therefore investigated the effects of consuming scrap tyre-singed cattle hide and firewood singed cattle hide on the kidney, liver and heart of male Wistar rats. Consuming singed cattle hides significantly elevated some serum marker enzymes important in kidney, liver and heart damage i.e alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase, with the groups that were fed with the hide singed with scrap tyre showing severe elevations. Consuming the singed Kanda also significantly decreased the serum concentrations of K+, Na+, Cl−, and significantly increased HCO3− and urea concentration. An examination of the organ tissues also revealed serious morphological changes. In conclusion, consuming singed Kanda had detrimental effects on the vital organs studied.

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Morphological Changes in the Rat Granulosa Cell Surface During Differentiation Induced by Estradiol and Gonadotropins

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100079851 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 484-485

Author(s):

P. Bagavandoss ◽

JoAnne S. Richards ◽

A. Rees Midgley

Keyword(s):

Cell Surface ◽

Granulosa Cell ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Follicular Development ◽

Female Rats ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 5 ◽

Group 2

During follicular development in the mammalian ovary, several functional changes occur in the granulosa cells in response to steroid hormones and gonadotropins (1,2). In particular, marked changes in the content of membrane-associated receptors for the gonadotropins have been observed (1).We report here scanning electron microscope observations of morphological changes that occur on the granulosa cell surface in response to the administration of estradiol, human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).Immature female rats that were hypophysectcmized on day 24 of age were treated in the following manner. Group 1: control groups were injected once a day with 0.1 ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 3 days; group 2: estradiol (1.5 mg/0.2 ml propylene glycol) once a day for 3 days; group 3: estradiol for 3 days followed by 2 days of hFSH (1 μg/0.1 ml) twice daily, group 4: same as in group 3; group 5: same as in group 3 with a final injection of hCG (5 IU/0.1 ml) on the fifth day.

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Methionine Diet Evoked Hyperhomocysteinemia Causes Hippocampal Alterations, Metabolomics Plasma Changes and Behavioral Pattern in Wild Type Rats

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22094961 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

pp. 4961

Author(s):

Maria Kovalska ◽

Eva Baranovicova ◽

Dagmar Kalenska ◽

Anna Tomascova ◽

Marian Adamkov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Morphological Changes ◽

Brain Area ◽

Critical Role ◽

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

Behavioral Pattern ◽

Cell Physiology ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

High Level ◽

Hippocampal Alterations ◽

The Impact

L-methionine, an essential amino acid, plays a critical role in cell physiology. High intake and/or dysregulation in methionine (Met) metabolism results in accumulation of its intermediate(s) or breakdown products in plasma, including homocysteine (Hcy). High level of Hcy in plasma, hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy), is considered to be an independent risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases, stroke and dementias. To evoke a mild hHcy in adult male Wistar rats we used an enriched Met diet at a dose of 2 g/kg of animal weight/day in duration of 4 weeks. The study contributes to the exploration of the impact of Met enriched diet inducing mild hHcy on nervous tissue by detecting the histo-morphological, metabolomic and behavioural alterations. We found an altered plasma metabolomic profile, modified spatial and learning memory acquisition as well as remarkable histo-morphological changes such as a decrease in neurons’ vitality, alterations in the morphology of neurons in the selective vulnerable hippocampal CA 1 area of animals treated with Met enriched diet. Results of these approaches suggest that the mild hHcy alters plasma metabolome and behavioural and histo-morphological patterns in rats, likely due to the potential Met induced changes in “methylation index” of hippocampal brain area, which eventually aggravates the noxious effect of high methionine intake.

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Closed head injury in rats: histopathological aspects in an experimental weight drop model

Acta Cirurgica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-86502012000400002 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 290-294 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Danilo dos Santos Silva ◽

José Nazareno Pearce de Oliveira Brito ◽

Jerúsia Oliveira Ibiapina ◽

Marcel Fernando Miranda Batista Lima ◽

Andréa Ribeiro Gonçalves de Vasconcelos Medeiros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Head Injury ◽

Impact Energy ◽

Energy Levels ◽

Closed Head Injury ◽

Close Relation ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

Group 4 ◽

Closed Head ◽

Male Wistar Rats

PURPOSE: To study histopathological findings due to a model of closed head injury by weight loss in rats. METHODS: A platform was used to induce closed cranial lesion controlled by weight loss with a known and predefined energy. 25 male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus albinus) were divided in five equal groups which received different cranial impact energy levels: G1, G2, G3 and G4 with 0.234J, 0.5J, 0.762J and 1J respectively and G5 (Sham). Under the effect of analgesia, the brain of each group was collected and prepared for histopathological analysis by conventional optic microscopy. RESULTS: It was observed greater number of injured neurons in animals of group 4, however neuronal death also could be noticed in animals of group 5. Intraparenchymal hemorrhages were more frequent in animals of group 4 and the cytotoxic brain swelling and vascular congestion were more intense in this group CONCLUSION: The histopathological analysis of these findings allowed to observe typical cranial trauma alterations and these keep close relation with impact energy.

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Effects of Long-Term Administration of Lithium and Hydrochlorothiazide in Rats

Metal-Based Drugs ◽

10.1155/mbd.1999.87 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 87-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Felicia Loghin ◽

Adriana Olinic ◽

Daniela-Saveta Popa ◽

Carmen Socaciu ◽

Sorin E. Leucuta

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Concomitant Administration ◽

Histological Changes ◽

Association Group ◽

Term Administration ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Kidney Liver ◽

Lithium Lactate

The biochemical and histological changes following 60 days administration of daily doses equivalent to 1/20 LD50 of lithium lactate and hydrochlorothiazide, as such and in association, were studied in male Wistar rats. No mortality or overt signs of toxicity were observed during the experiment and the serum activities of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and cholinesterase were not significantly modified compared to controls. The histopathological examination of all the investigated organs: kidney, liver, brain and spleen, revealed significant lesions which were time-dependant and more pronounced in the association group. Although the changes were mostly inflammatory and conqestive, it was proved that the concomitant administration of lithium and hydrochlorothiazid is potentially dangerous, increasing lithium’s nephrotoxicity and the thiazide diuretic's hepatotoxicity.

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Morphological alterations in the heart and aorta of rats treated with glucocorticoids

Journal of Morphological Sciences ◽

10.4322/jms.065814 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 32 (04) ◽

pp. 231-235

Author(s):

R. Dantas ◽

K. Souza ◽

D. Santos ◽

V. Feitosa ◽

E. Fioretto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Histological Analysis ◽

Saline Solution ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Morphological Structure ◽

Control Group ◽

Morphological Alterations ◽

Heart Chamber ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Synthetic Glucocorticoid

Abstract Introduction: The objective of this study was to analyze the morphological structure of the heart and aorta of rats treated with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone. Material and Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: 08 control rats undergoing treatment with a 0.9% saline solution for 10 days and 08 rats treated for 10 days with dexamethasone (2mg/kg animal weight). Results: Histological analysis detected a mild cardiac hypertrophy and 15% reduction of collagen located in the aorta of animals treated with glucocorticoid when compared to the control group. Conclusion: We conclude that treatment with dexamethasone for a period of 10 consecutive days is able to promote morphological changes in the structure of the heart chamber and, impair morphological structure of aorta.

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Morphological changes in lung tissue following the uptake of silver nanoparticles produced by biosynthesis in trained male Wistar rats

Journal of Cell & Tissue ◽

10.52547/jct.11.4.262 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 262-274

Author(s):

F Pourmand ◽

SJ Ziaolhagh ◽

S Molzemi

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Lung Tissue ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Male Wistar Rats

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in porcine and bovine organs and tissues

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/5543-vetmed ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 51 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 239-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

M. Ciganek ◽

J. Neca

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Vitreous Humour ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Pah Exposure ◽

Animal Exposure ◽

Kidney Liver

Concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were determined in porcine and bovine kidney, liver, lung, muscle and adipose tissue samples, and in eyeballs (lens and vitreous humour) in fattener pigs and cows. The total average PAH concentrations in individual organs were: 5.4, 6.3 (kidney); 3.8, 2.7 (liver); 4.6, 5.4 (lung); 3.6, 5.1 (muscle tissue); 0.05, 0.11 (adipose tissue); 57.9, 16.3 (lens) and 14, 6.4 (vitreous humour) for pigs and cows in ng/g of wet weight, respectively. Phenanthrene, naphthalene, pyrene and fluoranthene were predominant PAH present in samples. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found among distribution of PAH in animal bodies from several localities with various PAH exposure or between their levels in porcine and bovine organs and tissues, except for eyeballs. On the contrary, significant variations of PAH concentrations (P < 0.01) were found between species in the same tissues from the same stable. The highest total concentrations of PAH were found in porcine and bovine lenses. Analyses of porcine and/or bovine lenses for PAH content could be used for determination of animal exposure to these compounds.

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Immunohistochemical Study of Nrf2-Antioxidant Response Element as Indicator of Oxidative Stress Induced by Cadmium in Developing Rats

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2015/570650 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Sergio Montes ◽

Daniel Juárez-Rebollar ◽

Concepción Nava-Ruíz ◽

Aurora Sánchez-García ◽

Yesica Heras-Romero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Antioxidant Response ◽

Protective Mechanism ◽

Antioxidant Response Element ◽

Response Element ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Old Rats ◽

Kidney Liver

In developing animals, Cadmium (Cd) induces toxicity to many organs including brain. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are often implicated in Cd-inducedtoxicity and it has been clearly demonstrated that oxidative stress interferes with the expression of genes as well as transcriptional factors such as Nrf2-dependent Antioxidant Response Element (Nrf2-ARE). Cd-generated oxidative stress and elevated Nrf2 activity have been reportedin vitroandin situcells. In this study we evaluated the morphological changes and the expression pattern of Nrf2 and correlated them with the Cd concentrations in different ages of developing rats in heart, lung, kidney, liver, and brain. The Cd content in different organs of rats treated with the metal was increased in all ages assayed. Comparatively, lower Cd brain levels were found in rats intoxicated at the age of 12 days, then pups treated at 5, 10, or 15 days old, at the same metal dose. No evident changes, as a consequence of cadmium exposure, were evident in the morphological analysis in any of the ages assayed. However, Nrf2-ARE immunoreactivity was observed in 15-day-old rats exposed to Cd. Our results support that fully developed blood-brain barrier is an important protector against Cd entrance to brain and that Nrf2 increased expression is a part of protective mechanism against cadmium-induced toxicity.

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