scholarly journals Proximate, Mineral Composition and Phytochemical Screening of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Alafia barteri Oliv. (Apocynaceae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
I. O. Adefisan ◽  
O. A. T. Ebuehi ◽  
O. S. Odesanmi
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Eye Infections ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Proximate Analyses

Alafia barteri leaves are valued for its efficacy in the traditional medicine system in Nigeria. It has been used over the years for the treatment of various diseases some of which include malaria, sickle cell anaemia, and eye infections. This has necessitated the evaluation of its chemical composition to ensure its safety for human use. This study was undertaken to evaluate the phytochemical constituents, proximate and elemental composition of Alafia barteri leaf. The phytochemicals and proximate analyses were carried out using standard methods. The mineral elements were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The proximate analysis of the leaves showed it contained moisture 8.6%, crude fibre 48.29%, protein 15.84%, carbohydrate 13.13%, lipids 7.23% and ash 6.75%. The mineral analysis of the leaves revealed the presence of the following minerals: calcium (96.2 mg/100 g), manganese (74.8 mg/100 g), iron (46.2 mg/100 g), magnesium (31.05 mg/100 g), potassium (3.3 mg/ 100 g), sodium (2.9 mg/100 g). The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, phenols, tannins, anthraquinones, phlobatannins, cardiac glycosides and steroids. The study revealed the leaves of Alafia barteri to be a potential source of minerals and nutrients needed for human nutrition.

MINERAL COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIVE ANALYSIS OF BULBINE ABYSSINICA A. RICH. USED IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIONS AND COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETES MELLITUS IN THE EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Cromwell Mwiti Kibiti ◽  
Anthony Jide Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Tea Leaf

Background: B. abyssinica is a succulent member of the genus Bulbine (Asphodelaceae). It occurs from the Eastern Cape, through Swaziland and further north to Ethiopia. The species is used in traditional medicine to treat rheumatism, dysentery, bilharzia, cracked lips and diabetes. The tea leaf is used to treat cough, vaginal and bladder problems. Whereas B. abyssinica has ethno medicinal value, not much data concerning its phytonutrient, macro and micro element composition can be found in literature. Materials and Methods: Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine the nutritional quantitative composition of the plant using standard procedures. Results: The proximate analysis revealed the carbohydrate, crude fibre, moisture, ash, crude protein and crude fat contents as 74.8%, 8.9%, 8.8%, 8%, 7.7% and 0.6%, respectively. The species showed high levels of oxalates and phytic acids, moderate levels of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and phenols, while tannins were in low levels. Vitamin A, C and E contents were 12, 12.3 and 22.1 mg/100g, respectively. Amongst the mineral elements investigated, potassium and calcium were in high levels. Magnesium, iron, sodium, aluminium and phosphorus were moderately present, while manganese, zinc and copper where in low amounts. These vitamins and mineral elements were within their recommended daily allowance in humans. Conclusion: The amount of these phytochemicals suggests the plant can serve as nutritional supplements which are vital in maintaining good health status. These findings also suggest the potential role of B. abyssinica in the treatment of infections and some chronic diseases, especially diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Proximate composition and phytochemical screening of coffee weed (Senna occidentalis ) leaves as phytobiotic additive in poultry diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
S. O. Omoikhoje ◽  
D. O. Obasoyo ◽  
S. E. Okosun ◽  
J. I. Uwaya ◽  
I. A. Adamu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Poultry Diets

The proximate and phytochemical screening of Senna occidentalis were carried out to assess some nutrients and phytobiotic properties of the leaves. The fresh leaves were thoroughly rinsed, sparsely spread on jute mat and dried at room temperature for 6 – 7 days until they became crispy, thereafter they were milled and subjected to proximate and phytochemical analyses. Data showed that the leaves had low moisture (9.35 9.35%), high crude protein (21.88 21.88%), crude fibre, crude fat, ash and nitrogen free extract (NFE) , of 19.72, 16.88, 9.70 and 22.47% respectively. The phytochemicals positively present were cardiac glycosides, phenols, flavols, flavonols and alkaloids, while saponnins were largely present. From the results, Senna occidentalis leaf meal can be a potential source of vegetable protein and some vital mineral elements as supplements to poultry feeds. Besides, the high levels of antioxidants and antimicrobial agents present in the sample which are known to promote growth by enhancing nutrient utilization, repair of worn out tissues and disease control could make Senna occidentalis leaves worthy of being a phytobiotic additive in poultry diets.

scholarly journals The Proximate Analysis, Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Activity and Mineral Composition of Momordica charantia and Ocimum gratissimum Leaf Powder

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
O. D. Oloruntola ◽  
S. O. Ayodele ◽  
O. P. A. Olowu ◽  
A. B. Falowo ◽  
S. A. Adeyeye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Leaf Powder

Aim: This study aims to evaluate and characterise the Momordica charantia and Ocimum gratissimum leaf powder. Methodology: The quantitative analyses for proximate, phytochemicals, minerals, and antioxidant activities of Momordica charantia and Ocimum gratissimum leaf powder were carried out using standard procedures. Results: The result of the proximate analysis showed that both plants contain an appreciable amount of moisture, ash, crude fibre, crude fat, crude protein and nitrogen-free extract content,  with M. charantia leaf powder having higher moisture (5.49 ± 0.03%) content than O. gratissimum leaf powder (5.02 ± 0.01%) (P < 0.05).  Ocimum gratissimum had higher crude fibre content (25.03 ± 0.25%) than M.  charantia leaf powder (20.86 ± 0.12%) (P < 0.05).  The protein, ash, crude fat and nitrogen-free extract contents were not significantly different (p> 0.05) between the two leaf powders. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannin, flavonoid, phenol, alkaloids, saponin and phytate. Except for alkaloid content, M. charantia leaf powder had higher tannins (1.20±0.02 mg/g), flavonoids (225.64±14.61 mg/g), phenol (21.04±0.57 mg/g), saponins (57.36±0.08 mg/g) and phytate (7.79±0.25 mg/g) content compared to O. gratissimum leaf powder. The antioxidant activity of the plants showed that M. charantia leaf powder possessed higher DPPH scavenging free radical activity than that of O. gratissimum leaf powder. The mineral constituents revealed that both plants contain a significant amount of zinc, calcium, iron and phosphorus, with M. charantia leaf powder having higher zinc and calcium concentration than O. gratissimum leaf powder (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study shows that the leaf of M. charantia and O. gratissimum plants are rich sources of nutrients and phytochemicals and can be used as natural feed additives in animal nutrition.

scholarly journals Phytochemical, Proximate and Nutrient Composition of Vernonia calvaona Hook (Asterecea): A Green-Leafy Vegetable in Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igile G. O. ◽  
Iwara I. A. ◽  
Mgbeje B. I. A. ◽  
Uboh F. E. ◽  
Ebong P. E.
Keyword(s):  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Leaf Sample ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetable

<p>The leaf of <em>Vernonia calvaona</em> was analysed for its phytochemical, proximate, anti-nutrient, mineral elements and vitamin compositions using standard analytical procedures. Flavonoids (7.07 ± 0.43%) were the most dominant plant secondary compound, followed by steroidal saponins (4.42 ± 0.23%), phenolic compounds (3.19 ± 0.05%), and carotenoids (1.62 ± 0.11%). Alkaloids (1.26 ± 0.13%), and sesquiterpene lactones (1.64 ± 0.13%) were also present in the plant. The proximate analysis of the fresh leaf gave a carbohydrate content of 20.80± 0.67 mg/100 g, with a corresponding reducing sugar content of 8.56 ± 0.06 mg/100 g. The sample also gave a protein content of 19.80 ± 0.61 mg/100 g and fat content of 4.17 ±0.15 mg/100 g respectively. The total fatty acid content of the plant was 3.57 ± 0.52 mg/100 g. Overall the green-leafy vegetable of <em>Vernonia calvaona</em> which is usually eaten raw and fresh contains a very balanced nutrient composition and provides a total metabolising energy value of 844.49 ± 6.19 KJ/100 g. The plant has a crude fibre content of 7.63 ± 0.22 mg/100 g and an ash content of 10.67 ± 0.33 mg/100 g respectively. The anti-nutrient levels, including oxalates (0.34 ± 0.04 mg/100 g), phytates (0.94 ± 0.04 mg/100 g) and cyanates (0.09 ± 0.01 mg/100 g) were low compared to many known vegetables. The leaf is rich in vitamins (Vit C 11.33 ± 0.88, Vit A 0.61 ± 0.01 and Vit E 0.99 ± 0.13 mg/100 g). The leaf is also rich in vitamins B<sub>1</sub>, B<sub>2</sub>, B<sub>6, </sub>niacin and folic acid. The mineral profile of the leaf sample is also impressive, and includes some key elements such as, Fe, Zn, Ca, Na, K, Mg, P and Se. It may be concluded that the leaves of <em>V. calvaona</em> contribute to nutrient intake by the consuming populations in Nigeria and can serve as an antimalarial, antidiabetic, fertility agent, anti-cancer, anti-ulcer and cardioprotective agent.</p>

scholarly journals Proximate Analysis and Phytochemical Screening of Triclisia subcordata Oliv Leaf

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
F. N. Okpara ◽  
E. O. Nwaichi ◽  
J. O. Akaninwor
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Cyanogenic Glycosides ◽  
Cyanogenic Glycoside ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Medicinal Use

Proximate analysis and phytochemical screening of Triclisia subcordata Oliv leaf were investigated using standard analytical methods. Results of the proximate analysis showed contents for moisture (79.28±2.32%), ash (1.91±0.21%), crude fibre (1.83±0.13%), lipid (1.81±0.16%), crude protein (8.32±1.20%) and carbohydrate (6.91±0.74%). Phytochemical screening showed the presence of all six metabolites studied but at different concentrations. Saponin and flavonoids > alkaloids > phenol, tannin and cyanogenic glycoside. Tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, cyanogenic glycosides and phenol gave 0.01±0.00%, 5.81±0.23%, 2.32±0.13%, 6.01±0.36%, 0.20±0.00% and 0.03±0.00%. Given observed high contents of moisture, flavonoids and saponins, moderate amounts of alkaloids and low contents of lipid, cyanogenic glycosides, tannins and phenols in Triclisia subcordata Oliv leaf, this study rationalises the medicinal use of the plant, and unveils its potential as a source of micronutrients.

scholarly journals Proximate composition, phytochemical screening and some antinutritional factors of three accessions of lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus ) an underutilized legume

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. O. Soetan ◽  
T. N. Atanda
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Lima Beans

Lima bean (LB) (Phaseolus lunatus) is an underutilized legumein Nigeria and West Africa despite its numerous nutritional benefits. This study evaluated the proximate composition, phytochemical screening and antinutritional factors (ANFs) of three accessions of Lima beans; LB 001, LB 011 and LB 015 from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Oyo State. All analyses were done using standard protocols. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics. Result of proximate analysis revealed that LB 011 recorded the highest value for crude protein (25.70 0.06%), crude fat (3.10 0.05%) and crude fibre (3.20 0.06%) and moisture content (9.3 0.16%), LB 015 recorded the highest value for ash (3.90 0.04%), nitrogen free extract (60.35 0.20%) while LB001 gave the highest value for drymatter (92.30 2.50%).Phytochemical screening revealed presence of saponin, flavonoid and alkaloid in the three accessions of LB while anthraquinone and cardiac glycoside were absent in all the LB accessions. Results of ANFs showed that LB 001 recorde the highest value for alkaloid (56.67±5.78mg/g), LB 015 gave the highest value for tannin (93.33±2.89 mg/g) and saponin (61.67±2.89 mg/g) while LB 011 had the highest oxalate content (30±5.00mg/g). The study concluded that the three accessions of lima beans have high levels of crude protein, crude fat and ash and phytochemicals, which compared favourably with that of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), a conventional legume. However, the ANFs present in LBneed adequate processing for their reduction and optimal utilization as a protein source for human and animals.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening, Elemental and Proximate Analysis of Maerua angolensis (Capparaceaea) Stem Bark

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ezekiel Tagwi Williams ◽  
Nachana’a Timothy ◽  
Attama Chika
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Effective Source

This work was designed to explore the phytochemicals, elemental and proximate analysis of Maerua angolensis Stem bark were determined using standard analytical methods. The phytochemical screening showed alkaloid (271.30 mg /100 g), tannins (340.25 mg /100 g), flavonoid (176.85 mg /100 g), reducing sugar (41.20 mg /100 g), glycosides (184.30 mg /100 g), steroids (112.30 mg /100 g), anthraquinones (167.85 mg /100 g) and saponin (225.61 mg /100 g). Also the elemental analysis carried out revealed that the concentration of Manganese (0.02 9 mg/kg), Copper (0.059 mg/kg), Calcium (0.070 mg/kg), Sodium (7.530 mg/kg), Zinc (0.028 mg/kg), Chromium (0.158 mg/kg), Lead (0.007 mg/kg), Iron (0.100 mg/kg) and Magnesium (0.020 mg/kg). The result of the proximate composition showed  that the moisture, fat, crude protein, crude fibre, ash, carbohydrate and energy value content of the samples were 3.58±0.04%, 6.25±0.09%, 21.79±0.26%, 48.51±2.31%, 13.28±1.86%, 6.60±1.79% and 169.81±8.49  kcal/100 g respectively. The pH value obtained was 5.65±0.09. These indicate that the plant can be effective source for drugs. The elemental and proximate analysis shows that it contained appreciable amount of nutrients which could be included in diets to supplement human daily nutrient needs and animal.

scholarly journals POTENCY OF CHIVES (ALLIUM SCHOENOPRASUM L.) LEAVES INFUSE AS INHIBITOR CALCIUM LITHOGENESIS ON URINARY TRACT

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Siti Morin Sinaga ◽  
Iksen Iksen ◽  
Ginda Haro ◽  
Selvy Wardhany
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Histopathologic Study ◽  
Potential Efficacy ◽  
Allium Schoenoprasum ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

 Objective: This study examined the antilithogenesis activity by in vitro and histopathologic study from the infuse solution of chives leaves powder.Methods: The study begins with standard phytochemical screening on the powder of chives leaves. For performing in vitro antilithogenesis activity, atomic absorption spectrophotometry method was adopted to measure the dissolved calcium level. Histopathologic study was using animal models.Result: Phytochemical screening of chives leaves powder has a lot of phytochemical constituents. In vitro assay showed that chives infuse can dissolve the human calcium stone (47.7% for 12.5% concentration of chives leaves infuse). The histopathologic study showed that chives leaves can be used to treat the calcium lithogenesis.Conclusion: This experiment provides evidence that chives leaves have highlighted the potential efficacy for the treatment of calcium lithogenesis.

scholarly journals VARIETAL DIFFERENCES IN NIGERIA MAIZE GRAIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. AREMU ◽  
F. OLADOYINBO ◽  
L.M. DUROSINMI ◽  
E.O. DARE ◽  
A.K. AKINLABI
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Maize Variety ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

Eight different improved varieties of maize grain from IITA, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria and a local maize from Bodija market, Ibadan were examined for their varietal differences. Proximate analysis of the improved varieties of the maize grain and the local maize were carried out. Elemental analysis of the improved varieties of the maize and the local maize were also carried out by using spectrophotometry method. The moisture content of the improved varieties of the maize ranged from 7.75-10.05% and the local maize was 9.25%. The ash content of the improved varieties maize varied from 1.45%-3.47% while the local maize gave 2.22%. The protein, oil, crude fibre and carbohydrate contents of the improved maize varieties ranged from 9.35-11.15%, 3.50%-8.42%, 1.40%-3.55% and 65.35%-73.82% respectively. Similarly, the local maize variety gave 9.40%, 4.25%, 1.55% and 73.55% for the protein, oil, crude fibre and carbohydrate contents respectively. The improved maize varieties gave higher results for protein, crude fiber and oil contents than the local maize variety. The elemental analysis showed that the sodium element in the improved varieties of the maize was found between 85.01-165.11 mg/100g while the local maize was 110.21 mg/100g. The magnesium, potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, copper and zinc in the improved varieties of the maize were in the range of 27.51-35.54 mg/100g, 250,05-307.56 mg/100g, 1.49-1.64 mg/100g, 0.51-1.38 mg/100g, 2.52-7.59 mg/100g, 1.49-2.75 mg/100g and 4.25-11.03 mg/100g respectively except the ACR-85TZSR-Y-1 of the improved variety in which manganese was not detected while the mineral elements in the local maize were obtained as 110.21, 35.01, 247.52, 1.47, 0.63, 4.52, 2.75, 7.04 respectively. Most of the improved varieties showed higher values of the mineral elements than the local variety except sodium, manganese and copper where lower values were observed

scholarly journals Nutritional Evaluation of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc) From Lapai, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Musah M. ◽  
Azeh Y. ◽  
Mathew J.T. ◽  
Nwakife C.N. ◽  
Mohammed A.I. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
The Body ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Foaming Capacity ◽  
Nutritional Constituents

The nutritional constituents of seeds of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean) were analyzed for their nutritional compositions using standard analytical methods. Results of proximate analysis obtained were moisture content (9.20±0.12 %), ash (3.40±0.09 %), carbohydrate (21.10±0.05 %), crude fibre (4.60±0.07 %) and calorific value (185.79±0.03 kcal/100 g). Mean concentrations of mineral elements were the order: zinc (139.00±0.04 mg/100 g) > potassium (31.50±0.12 mg/100 g) > copper (30.00±0.01 mg/100 g) > phosphorus (17.40±0.11 mg/100 g) > magnesium (3.90±0.07 mg/100 g) > calcium (3.50±0.17 mg/100 g) > sodium (0.11±0.03 mg/100 g) > iron (0.10±0.01 mg/100 g). Measured values for bulk density, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity and foaming stability were 0.85±0.07 g/cm3, 1.65±0.13 %, 0.70±0.03 %, 16.00±0.12 % and 7.50±0.22 % respectively. The amino acid profile revealed that glutamic acid had the highest value (12.56 g/100 g) while tryptophan had the lowest concentration (0.87 g/100 g). Results obtained indicate that the consumption of V. subterranean can contribute to the nutritional requirements of the body.

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