scholarly journals Study of Genetic Diversity for Selected Genotypes in Rice

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Ch Sai Nayan Raju ◽  
Gabrial M. Lal ◽  
Ch. Damodar Raju
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Indian Institute ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Genotype Cluster ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Telangana State

The present investigation was undertaken to study the 54 rice genotypes to estimate the diversity, among selected rice genotypes for yield and its component characters. The experiment was carried out during Kharif, 2020, in a randomized block design with three replications at the Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad voluntary center (Kampasagar), in Telangana State. The data was collected on characters viz and salt-tolerant score 0-9 scale. The 54 genotypes of rice were grouped into twelve clusters. Clusters with their genotypes are presented in. Cluster I had 15 genotypes, Cluster II had 13 genotypes, whereas Cluster III had 4 genotypes Cluster IV, V had 4 genotypes and cluster VI had 6 genotypes cluster VII had 1 genotype cluster VIII had three genotypes cluster Ⅸ, Ⅹ, Ⅺ had 1 genotypes cluster Ⅻ had 3 genotypes Highest inter-cluster distance was exhibited between clusters VIII and Ⅺ. and lowest cluster divergence found between the clusters Ⅳ and VII Greater the distance, wider the genetic diversity among the genotypes of those clusters. For high heterotic recombinants performing genotypes would be used as parents in the recombination breeding program. 

scholarly journals Genetic Divergence Analysis of Rice Genotypes under Salt Stress Environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Anuj Kumar ◽  
D. K. Dwivedi ◽  
Pradeep K. Bharti ◽  
Shivani . ◽  
Preeti Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Normal Condition ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Saline Condition ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Cluster 2

The present investigations were conducted in randomized block design with three replications within the net house of the department of PMB&GE, A. N.D.U.A.T, Kumar Ganj, Ayodhya to estimate the genetic divergence under normal and salt stress conditions involving 20 rice genotypes during Kharif 2018-19, on the basis of relative parameters of D2 values, the clustering pattern of 20 rice genotypes under normal and salt stress conditions were grouped into five non-overlapped clusters. Under normal condition, Cluster III having highest 7 rice genotypes, Cluster II having 5 genotypes, cluster V having 4 genotypes and IV having highest 3 rice genotype. Cluster I having only one genotype. Under saline condition, Cluster I having highest rice 6 genotypes, cluster III having 5 genotypes and cluster II & IV having 4 genotypes respectively. Cluster V having only one genotype. It means the genetic similarity was found in the genotypes were expressed within the cluster and the pattern of distribution of genotypes in various clusters exhibited that topographical diversity wasn't associated with ancestral diversity as genotypes of same countryside were grouped into different cluster and vice-versa. The highest inter cluster distance was recorded between cluster 2 and cluster 5 (26108.030) followed by between cluster 1 and cluster 5 (18550.010), cluster 3 and cluster 5 (15231.860), cluster 4 and cluster 5 (5335.860) in normal condition and in saline condition the maximum inter cluster distance was existed between cluster 4 and cluster 5 (2344.091) followed by between cluster 3 and cluster 5 (2067.610), cluster 2 and cluster 5 (1447.564), cluster 1 and cluster 5 (1238.095). The results showed extensive variation from one cluster to other in respect of cluster means for all parameters, which represented that genotypes having distinctly different mean performance for various characters were reported into different clusters.Rice

scholarly journals Morpho-Molecular Diversity Analysis of Local Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes Using Microsatellite Markers

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-104
Author(s):  
S. K. Singh ◽  
Charupriya Singh ◽  
Mounika Korada ◽  
Sonali Habde ◽  
D. K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Enhancement ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Aim: The knowledge of genetic diversity and relationship among the genotypes play a significant role for genetic enhancement in breeding programmes to increase production, improve quality, biotic and abiotic stresses, and also for the selection of superior parental lines in rice. The present field experiment was conducted to study the diversity present in 29 local genotypes of rice using both morphological and molecular ways. Methodology: The experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, during Kharif-2017 in an augmented block design with 29 rice genotypes including 3 checks. Mahalanobis’ D2 analysis was carried out to assess the morphological diversity present among the genotypes and molecular analysis was done with 21 polymorphic SSR markers using the NTSYSpc software. Results: Mahalanobis’ D2 grouped the 29 genotypes into 6 clusters based on the inter-se genetic distance. The highest intra-cluster distance was recorded in the Cluster I (32.73), which comprised of 7 genotypes. The highest inter-cluster distance (65.86) was observed between Clusters IV and V. Molecular diversity analysis grouped the 29 rice genotypes into 2 main clusters i.e. cluster I and cluster II with dissimilarity coefficient of 0.34, which were further divided into sub-clusters. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) value is an evidence of diversity and frequency among the varieties. The level of polymorphism varied from 0.164 to 0.694, with an average 0.521. The highest PIC value was observed for locus RM 5 (0.694) followed by RM 510 (0.692). All the 21 primers showed polymorphism and the number of alleles ranged from 2 to 4 with an average of 3.04.  Conclusion: This study established the presence of considerable amount of genetic diversity among the genotypes studied, the most diverse genotypes being Anupam gold and HUR-1309 followed by Kalanamak-2 and HUR-1304. Breeders may attempt hybridization among the above genotypes which showed maximum diversity, for creating more variability in rice and can be used for planning further breeding programmes.

Genetic Divergence in Sunnhemp [Crotalaria juncea (L.)]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desai Tarjani B. ◽  
Madhu Bala ◽  
R.K. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cluster Distance

Background: Sunnhemp is a very important green manuring crop. The crop is utilized for various purposes like reducing soil erosion, improving soil properties and recycling plant nutrients. The knowledge regarding the crop is still not exploited, due to lack of research in this crop. So, the present study was conducted to know the extent of genetic diversity present in the crop. From the divergence analysis, it may be concluded that the genotypes belonging to different clusters separated by high estimated statistical distance may be used in the hybridization programme for developing high green biomass yielding sunnhemp varieties. Methods: A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat with thirty sunnhemp genotypes to know the extent of genetic diversity by D2 analysis in a randomized block design during late Kharif 2017.Result: The analysis was conducted for D2 analysis and was concluded from D2 analysis that, the characters viz., days to 50% flowering, fresh weight of root nodules per plant, fresh weight of plant, root nodules per plant, leaf length, root length, dry weight of root nodules per plant, C: N ratio, internodes per plant, plant height and stem diameter contributed towards the genetic divergence. Traits like primary branches per plant and leaf area didn’t contribute towards genetic divergence. The thirty genotypes were grouped into seven clusters following Tocher’s method (Rao, 1952). The cluster III was largest having eleven genotypes. Cluster IV and cluster II was second largest which contained seven and five genotypes respectively. Cluster I and cluster V contained three and two genotypes respectively Cluster VI and VII had only one genotype. The intra cluster distance was more in cluster III and the inter cluster distance was maximum between cluster V and cluster VII.

scholarly journals Genetic Divergence Studies for Morphological Traits in Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] over the Environments

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Vikas Khandelwal ◽  
A. Keerthika ◽  
Meenakshi Dhoot
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Genetic diversity is an essential prerequisite for improving the genetic makeup of any crop. Inclusion of genetically diverse parents in hybridization programme helps in isolation of superior recombinants. So, an experiment was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity among 150 genotypes of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] Rajasthan during Kharif - 2013, 2014 and 2015 in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Present study reveals that the clustering pattern based on D2 statistics grouped 150 genotypes into 6 clusters, out of which cluster 1 shows the highest intra cluster value (142.62) followed by cluster 2 (119.47). While maximum inter cluster distance (i.e.652.68) was observed between cluster 5 and cluster 6, indicating there is presence of wide range of genetic diversity among the sorghum genotypes. Such genotypes with wide genetic diversity based on their mean values can either be utilized for breeding programmes for genetic improvement in sorghum or directly adopted as a variety.

scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Chickpea Genotypes (Cicer arietinum L.) Using D2 Statistics

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
M. Karthikeyan ◽  
Sharad Pandey ◽  
Gideon Synrem ◽  
K. R. Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cluster Distance

An experiment using twenty genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) was conducted during Rabi season of 2019-2020, to find the genetic diversity using D2 statistics. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications at the experimental field of Himgiri Zee University, Dehradun. The observations was recorded on  nine quantitative characters where five randomly selected plants were taken the average was computed while the traits days to 50 % flowering and days to 100 % maturity was taken from plot basis. Results revealed that the genotypes were grouped into 4 clusters where Cluster-I had fifteen genotypes and cluster II had three genotypes while one genotype each was present in cluster III and IV. The seed yield per plant contributed maximum towards genetic diversity (32.00 %) followed by plant height at maturity (14.00 %) and number of secondary branches (9.00 %). The maximum intra cluster distance was found in cluster II (164.691) indicating that the 15 genotypes including in the cluster II were most divergent. However, maximum inter cluster distance was noticed between cluster I and cluster II (313.247) which could be used in hybridizing program.

scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Nigella (Nigella sativa L.) Collections Using Principle Component Analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
S. P. Singh ◽  
Avinash Kumar ◽  
Banshidhar . ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Suman ◽  
Ashutosh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Principle Component Analysis ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
Principle Component ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Eigen Value ◽  
Cluster Distance

Seventeen land races of Nigella along with one released variety (Rajendra Shyama) as a check; collected at farmer’s field from different parts of Bihar were evaluated in Randomized Block Design with three replications at Seed production Farm, TCA, Dholi, Bihar during Rabi 2015-16 to identify  diverse Nigella genotypes. Principle component analysis (PCA) showed that first three PCs had >1.00 Eigen value and accounted to 84.71% of total variation. Rotated component matrix for various traits revealed that PC1 was strongly associated with secondary branches/plant followed by yield/plant, length of fruit, fruit per plant, primary branches/plant, height of the plant, days to 50% flowering and grains/plant. The traits that mostly contributed to PC2 were grains/plant followed by height of the plant and width of fruit whereas, days to maturity followed by width of fruit, height of the plant, days to 50% flowering and length of fruit contributed mostly to the PC3.  The characters that contributed most to the PC4 were height of the plant, fruit/plant and length of fruit. Therefore, intensive selection procedures can be adopted to bring about rapid improvement of above mentioned traits. The k-mean of different clusters indicated that genotype falling in cluster III possess high values for all the traits under study indicating their potentiality as a parent in hybridization programmes for further improvement of Nigella. Highest inter-cluster distance was noted between cluster III and V indicating the genetic diversity among genotypes of these two clusters. Therefore, genotypes from these two clusters are recommended to use in hybridization programmes for further improvement.

scholarly journals ​Genetic Diversity for Seed Yield and its Components in Clusterbean [Cymopsis tetragonaloba (L.) Taub]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hina M. Makwana ◽  
P.R. Patel ◽  
D.G. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Gum Content

Background: Clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] (2n=2x=14) is an under exploited legume belonging to family fabaceae. Clusterbean is a versatile legume crop cultivated mostly as animal feed, green manure green leaves as fodder, vegetable and cover crop. Clusterbean is a drought resistant, hardy, deep rooted annual legume crop. D2 statistics provides a measure of magnitude for divergence between two genotypes under comparison. For broadening the genetic base of cultivars, the genetic diversity present in cultivated and wild relatives must be explored. Generally, diverse germplasms are expected to give high hybrid vigor and hence, it necessitates studying genetic divergence among the existing varieties and genotypes for the identification of parents for hybridization programme. Methods: The present investigation was undertaken to study genetic variability in clusterbean [Cymopsis tetragonaloba (L.) Taub] with using a set of 40 genotypes at Agronomy Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar during Kharif 2019 in randomized block design with four replications. Mahalanobis (1928) D2 statistic was used for assessing the genetic divergence between different populations. Grouping of the genotypes in different clusters was done by using Tocher’s method. The inter-cluster distance was calculated by measuring the distance between clusters I and cluster II, between clusters I and cluster III, between clusters II and cluster III and so on. Likewise, one by one cluster was taken and their distances from other clusters were calculated. Result: The genetic diversity analysis revealed the formation of nine clusters suggested the presence of considerable genetic diversity among the 40 genotypes. The clustering pattern indicated that geographic diversity was not associated with genetic diversity. The analysis of per cent contribution of various characters towards the expression of total genetic divergence indicated that, the number of branches per plant followed by gum content, days to maturity, days to flowering contributed maximum towards total genetic divergence. On the basis of inter cluster distances, cluster IX was found to be more divergent. Therefore, it was concluded that the genotypes belonging to these cluster should be inter crossed in order to generate more variability.

scholarly journals Performance of F2 Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Segregants Derived from a Cross the BPT-5204 / IR-64Drt1

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-47
Author(s):  
Anjani Kumar ◽  
D. N. Singh ◽  
Krishna Prasad ◽  
Avinash Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Condition ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Drought Condition ◽  
Normal Field ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

The present investigation was carried out with F2 plants from a cross between two parents i.e., BPT-5204 and IR-64Drt1. The selection of parents for crosses was made based on genotypes that were tolerant and susceptible to drought condition. BPT-5204 was drought susceptible and IR-64Drt1 was also tolerant to drought. In this experiment adequate amount of variability was detected for grain yield per plant and its components among 324 segregants evaluated under augmented randomized block design II in normal field condition. The analysis of variance for grain yield and its attributing characters among blocks, treatments, entries, checks and checks vs entries revealed presence of significant variation in the segregants studied. However, with respect to checks, non-significant differences were recorded for only L/B ratio. The results indicated that among 324 rice genotypes including checks, only 9 rice genotypes expressed higher yield compared to seven checks varieties under normal field condition. The segregants S-51, S-122, S-135, S-195, S-199, S-210, S-219, S-222, S-251 were top ranking genotypes with respect to all checks.

Tolerance and Phenotypic Analysis of Irrigated Rice Genotypes under Iron Toxicity

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Eduardo Anibele Streck ◽  
Gabriel Almeida Aguiar ◽  
Paulo Henrique Karling Facchinello ◽  
Lais Perin ◽  
Pedro Ujacov da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Iron Toxicity ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Excess Iron ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Introduction: The development of tolerant rice genotypes is the main tool to minimize the problem caused by the excess of iron in the soil. Aims: The study aims to evaluate the response of genotypes of the Embrapa breeding program of irrigated rice against iron stress, as well as to envision the relationship of the effect of this disorder on leaf mass production in different phenological phases of the plant. Study Design: The trial was established in a randomized block design with additional controls, with the plots consisting of four rows 3 m long with 0.20 m spacing between rows. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Embrapa Temperate Climate Lowlands Station, in a period of nine years, consisting of the harvest of 2006/2007 until 2014/2015. Methodology: It was evaluated 255 lines along with 4 additional control cultivars with known tolerance levels. The symptoms were evaluated at 40, 70 and 100 days after plant emergence through a visual assessment in the field, based on the standard evaluation system for rice. In addition to the determination of the average toxicity levels of genotypes, the mass was collected, constituted by the dry matter of shoot, for the detection of interrelationships through their correlations. Results: It was found that 58.82% of the developed irrigated rice lines show good tolerance to toxicity by excess iron. The association of the content of dry matter of shoots and the levels of indirect toxicity of iron showed a significant negative correlation (-0.6848), being that the highest magnitude of negative correlation was at 70 DAE (-0.6161). Conclusion: There is variability for tolerance to indirect iron toxicity between the irrigated rice genotypes assessed. The breeding program of irrigated rice of Embrapa has been effective in developing genotypes with tolerance by excess iron in the soil over nine years. There is a negative association between the content of dry matter of shoots and the levels of indirect iron toxicity.

Genetic Divergence Analysis in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Amit Tomar ◽  
D. K. Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Number Of Clusters ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Farm Crop ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

An experiment involving 45 genotypes/strains of mungbean was conducted during kharif 2018 at University Farm (Crop Cafeteria) of Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University (RLBCAU), Jhansi in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. Data were recorded and analyzed for 10 characters viz.; days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length (cm), number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight (g) and grain yield per plant (g). All the forty five genotypes were grouped into seven different clusters using D2 statistics. Cluster-I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII had 8, 5, 4, 5, 13, 2 and 8 genotypes, respectively. The greatest inter cluster distance (297.39) was between cluster-II and cluster-V.

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