scholarly journals Tuberculosis in Children Aged 0-5 Years at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Nigeria - How Common is HIV in Children with Tuberculosis

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
N. I. Paul ◽  
B. A. Alex- Hart ◽  
R. O. Ugwu
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Gastric Lavage ◽  
P Value ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
The Common ◽  
The University

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death in young children and the risk of progression from infection to disease is higher in the very young especially among those with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. This study therefore aimed to examine the method of TB diagnosis and how common HIV infection is among children 0-5 years with tuberculosis at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH). Methods: Information of children aged 0-5 years from 1st January, 2011 to 31st December 2014 were retrieved from the TB register of the Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) clinic of UPTH. This included the age, sex, HIV status, Sputum AFB status, method of diagnosis of tuberculosis and the treatment outcome of the patients. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Research and Ethics committee of the University of Teaching Hospital. Results: Three hundred and thirty five children were treated for TB and 179 (53.43%) of them were aged 0-5 years. There were 93 (51.96%) males and 86 (48.04%) females, with male: female ratio of 1.08:1.  Their mean age was 1.96 ±1.45. The sputum or gastric lavage of 21 (11.73%) were positive for acid fast bacilli (AFB). The common method of TB diagnosis was clinical/ radiological method and this constituted 158 (88.27%) of the patients with TB. Ninety (50.28%) children with TB were less than one year of age and there was no statistical significant relationship between age and method of TB diagnosis (x2 = 2.78, p = 0.249). More males 93 (51.96%) than females 86 (48.04%) had TB but more females 13 (61.90%) than males 8 (38.10%) were AFB positive, however, these were not statistically significant. (x 2  = 1.26 p-value = 0.262). Seventy two (40.22%) of the children with TB were HIV positive. One hundred and thirty five (75.42%) of the children recovered following treatment while 44 (24.58%) were referred to Dots centres closest to the patients. No child died. Conclusion: The prevalence of TB among under-fives especially among infants is high. Clinical and radiological methods were the common methods of TB diagnosis. HIV prevalence among children with TB was lower than expected by the authors, however, the treatment outcome was good. Re-training of clinicians to improve their expertise on clinical diagnosis of TB and a more in depth search of TB in the community among children 0-5 years who are HIV sero-negative with persistent cough is advocated.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Types of Skin Diseases Seen among Children Attending the Children’s Outpatient Clinic in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern Nigeria- A Descriptive Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Uju S. Azubogu ◽  
Inumanye Ojule
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
The University

Aims: To determine the prevalence and types of skin diseases seen among children attending the Children’s Outpatient Clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH). Study Design:  A descriptive Cross sectional study design was used. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Children’s Outpatient Clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital from June to August 2020 (3 months). Method: It involved 370 children aged less than 18 years.  A semi structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain all relevant data. This was followed by dermatological examination of the children to make diagnosis of skin diseases. Laboratory confirmation was carried out where necessary. Results: The study participants consisted of 370 children aged 1 month to 17 years with a mean age of 8.4±5.9 years. The male to female ratio was 0.9:1 and the overall prevalence of skin diseases among the children studied was 23.7%. The three most common aetiologic categories of skin diseases seen were:  Infective (13.5%), Inflammatory (5.7%) and infestations (3.5%). The five most common skin diseases identified included: Impetigo (4.1%), Scabies (3.5%), Atopic dermatitis (3.0%), Tinea capitis (2.7%) and Pityriasis versicolor (2.4%). Conclusion: Skin diseases are common among children attending the children’s outpatient clinic in our hospital with Infective skin diseases predominating. Greater efforts need to be put into the treatment, prevention and control of these skin diseases in order to limit morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Epistaxis in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital: Aetiological Profile and Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Ibekwe Matilda Uju ◽  
O. Ikenga Victor
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Favourable Outcome ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
The University ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Nose And Throat

Background: Bleeding from the nose is one of the commonest emergencies that could present in a typical ear, nose and throat clinic. It is often a frightful experience for both the patient and relations, especially in severe cases. Aim: To determine the aetiological profile, the management and outcome in patients that presented with epistaxis in University of Port Harcourt teaching hospital.  Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with complaints of epistaxis that were managed within the period of January 2006 to January 2018 in the Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) department, including referrals from the accident & emergency department and children emergency ward. Data on demographics, aetiology, associated clinical features, treatment modalities and outcome of such treatments were all collated. These were analyzed using IBM statistical package for social sciences SPSSversion 20and results presented in simple descriptive tables. Results: There were altogether 196 patients studied, 95 males and 101 females, giving a male to female ratio of 1:1.06.  The age range was from 1 to 81 years. Age group 30-39 was the most affected with 22.29% Aetiological factors were; hypertension in 9.2% trauma in 11.2%, idiopathic in most; 58.2%, chronic rhinosinusitis in 18.4%. Conservative medical therapy was the commonest treatment modality; 68.38%. Anterior nasal packing in 26.5% while 4.1% had posterior packing. Anterior aspect of the nose was the commonest site of bleed recorded in 160 cases. All the patients had a favourable outcome. Conclusion: Epistaxis in this environment still presents as a common emergency and in the majority of the case, the cause is not known, however, trauma appears to be one of the commonest cause implicated in our setting. The young adults appear to be the ones mainly affected.

scholarly journals Prevalence of visual impairment among patients attending the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 097-106
Author(s):  
Nweke Praise-Craig Ogochukwuka ◽  
Adjene Josiah Obaghwarhievwo ◽  
Odigie Mike Osagie
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
P Value ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
The University ◽  
Rivers State

Visual impairment, also known as loss of vision is the decreased ability of a subject to see to a degree. It is a global concern that is likely to escalate with prolonged life expectancies with increasing attention in the realm of eye care. In this study, the prevalence of visual impairment among patients attending the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers state, Nigeria was investigated. The study accessed a total of 7, 345 case notes of ethically sourced, visually impaired subjects who visited the hospital within five years (2015 - 2019) in the target study area. For each year accessed, records were grouped according to participants’ age and gender, then matched with the type and causes of visual impairment in the study area. At the end of data collection, Results were passed through the graph pad prism (version 8.1), and subjected to statistical measure of central tendencies to obtain the average records and prevalence levels for collected variables, while setting confidence interval at a 95%. Differences in means across groups were also confirmed with the One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), while setting a p value less than 0.05 as statistically significant. Following analysis, study found a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) in cases of visual impairment for 2019 as compared other year records, even though there was an inconsistent attenuation for the various years compared, with moderate vision having an apparently higher record than other visual impairments. Severe cases came second with 2018 having the highest cases than others but, with moderate impediments. Also, a significant increase (p < 0.05) was seen in refractive error as compared to other causes of visual impediments. We recommend similar but more molecular approach to visual impairments within study area, and more.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Disease in the Paediatric Population: A Cross Sectional Study at the University Teaching Hospital in Port Harcourt, Southern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
L. E. Yaguo-Ide ◽  
G. K. Eke
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
The University

Background: Globally, there has been a destruction of human lives, economies and health systems by the novel corona virus pandemic. Presently there is no known certain cure, although a number of vaccines have been proposed to prevent the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which was first seen as increasing number of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China, with severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as the causative organism. Objectives: To screen paediatric patients for COVID-19 at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital and to know their pattern of presentation. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study, not controlled, over a period of six weeks, using interviewer administered structured questionnaire which was adapted and used at the Accident and Emergency Department for patients triaging as a COVID-19 Risk assessment tool. No action was required for a score of 0-7, while admission into COVID-19 holding area following review by IDU was recommended for a score 8 ≥17. All children brought into the department, requiring treatment were screened. Results: There were 131 patients, 74 (56.5%) males and 56 (42.7%) females, with a mean age 7.2 ± 5.41 years. Male: Female ratio was 1.3:1. Four children (3%) had a total score of ≥ 8, while half of them (n=2; 50%) tested positive for COVID-19, giving a disease prevalence of 1.5%. Both cases were females; fever and difficulty in breathing were the commonest symptoms. No mortality was recorded. Conclusions: COVID-19 prevalence is low in children, and they have a good outcome. A community-based study is recommended.

scholarly journals Pattern and Outcome Dermatological Admission at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Rivers State

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
D. Altraide Dasetima ◽  
Otike-Odibi Bolaji
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Institution ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Surgical Subspecialty ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Medical Wards ◽  
The University

Introduction: Dermatology is primarily an outpatient clinical and surgical subspecialty, but a substantial number of patients need in patient care for adequate management. In recent years, there is a rise in the number of inpatient dermatological admissions and an increase in spending. Rarely, skin diseases can be fatal. Aims and Objectives: To analyze the disease patterns and clinical outcomes of dermatological patients admitted on the medical wards of a tertiary institution in southern                                     Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This study involves a retrospective analysis of the admission records of consecutive in patients with a dermatological diagnosis admitted at the university of Port Harcourt teaching hospital from January 2014 to July 2020. The data obtained were statistically analysed with emphasis on the patient’s demographic profile, clinical diagnosis, final outcome, and duration of admission. Results: A total of 68 patients were admitted into our center during this time. Female outnumbered males with male female ratio of 1: 2.2. Infections (53 patients, 77.9%) were the most frequent reason for admission, followed by autoimmune disorders (5 patients, 7.4%), inflammatory causes, drug reactions and cutaneous manifestation of inter diseases had 3 patients each (4.4%). A patient was classed as idiopathic (1.5%).

Secondary Infertility in Port Harcourt: Pattern and Socio-Dermographic Relationship

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Okwudil Oranu ◽  
Gregory Ifechukwude Oyiana
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
P Value ◽  
Secondary Infertility ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Secondary Infertility is viewed as a social stigma, especially in Nigeria, due to the high premium placed on procreation. Observation suggests that this condition is on the increase in our environment. Hence, the need to determine the pattern and the relationship between the socio-demographic factors with infective causes of this condition; which will subsequently allow the tailoring of the individual investigation and subsequent treatment. Objective: To determine the prevalence and pattern as well as the relationship between the socio-demographic factors with infective causes of secondary infertility among women who attended the gynaecological clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) between January 2012 and December 2016 Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study design, based on findings from the folders, admission and outpatient registers, of infertile couples presenting at the gynaecology clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, over a five-year period (January 2012 – December 2016). Data were collected from all documented and laboratory findings. The data extracted from the case records were the socio-demographic characteristics of the patient, the duration of infertility as well as the causes. They were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: The mean age of women was 33.14±4.93 years. The prevalence of secondary infertility was 12% of all outpatient gynaecological consultation. The mean duration of secondary infertility was 3 years. The infective causes of secondary infertility [recurrent pelvic inflammatory disease(PID), sexually transmitted infections(STI), post abortal sepsis, puerperal sepsis, HIV/AIDS, mumps orchitis were commoner among the 31-40 years’ category, (45.8%), the infective causes were also commoner among women with primary level of education, (62.5%, p-value=0.001) as well as women who were self-employed (49%, p-value=0.041). Recurrent pelvic inflammatory disease was identified in majority of cases (37.1%). Abnormal semen analysis, hyper-prolactinaemia and uterine fibroid, also contributed significantly to infertility; 18.5%, 19.7% and 24.3% respectively. Conclusion:  Infective causes are at the root cause of secondary infertility; the more educated the couple, the higher their socioeconomic status, the lesser the impact of infection on secondary infertility.

Orbital Hydatid Cyst: An Interventional Case Series

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tajamul Khan ◽  
Ibrar Hussain ◽  
Zaman Shah
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
P Value ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Orbital Imaging

Purpose:  To find out the demographics, presentation, and outcome of surgical treatment in patients of orbital hydatid cyst. Study Design:  Interventional case series. Place and Duration of Study:  Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan from 2009 to 2019. Methods:  This study included 11 patients with orbital hydatid cyst who presented in Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Detailed history, ocular examination and Orbital imaging (Ophthalmic B-Scan, CT scan and/or MRI) was performed. The patients underwent Orbitotomy, cyst extirpated and sent for histopathology. Albendazole was given to the patients for 12 weeks after surgery. The preoperative and postoperative data until last follow-up was analyzed. Results:  Male to Female ratio was 5:6 and the mean age of the patients was 18.17 ± 17.4 years. Mean amount of proptosis was 26.27 ± 2.05mm and visual acuity was 0.23 ± 0.33 decimal in the affected eye at presentation. Eight patients (72.8%) had Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect with swollen discs. After imaging studies, presumptive diagnosis of hydatid cyst was made. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of hydatid cyst in all cases. Mean proptosis at the last follow up improved to 19.04 ± 1.45mm (P value = 0.00) and visual acuity to 0.47 ± 0.22 decimals (P value = 0.048). Only one patient (9.1%) had an associated hydatid cyst in the lung. There was no recurrence until last follow-up. Conclusion:  Hydatid cyst should be considered in differential diagnosis of proptosis in patients under 20. Surgical excision followed by a course of oral Albendazole is effective for the treatment of orbital hydatid cyst. Key Words:  Orbital hydatid cyst, Proptosis, Orbitotomy.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated morbidities of preterm neonatal admissions at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, North-Eastern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mustapha ◽  
P. Simon ◽  
B.I. Abdullahi ◽  
H.I. Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Special Care ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Special Care Baby Unit ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
The University

Introduction: Preterm delivery is of considerable concern to clinicians and researchers being a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality in the industrialized countries and also contributes to substantial complications among survivors. Sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria accounts for significant proportion of preterm births, with over million deaths due to complication of prematurity. Objectives: The study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated morbidities of preterm deliveries at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, North-Eastern Nigeria. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective review of neonates delivered before 37 completed weeks of gestation and admitted into the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2015. Results: There were 3435 admissions into the Special Care baby Unit (SCBU) during the 8 year period. Out of these 1129 were preterm babies giving a prevalence of 32.9%. Of the 1129 preterm babies managed in SCBU, 714 case records were retrieved and analyzed giving a retrieval rate of 63%. There were 372 (52.1%) males and 342 (47.9%) females; with the male to female ratio of 1:1.08. There were 17(2.3%) extreme low birth weight  (<1000g), 288 (40.3%) very low birth weight (1000-1499 g), 406 (56.9%) low birth weight (1500- 2499 g) babies. The range of admission weights was 700-2500g with mean of 1600±900g. Conclusion: The burden, complications and mortality from preterm newborns remain significant public health challenges to care givers in Nigeria. Key words : Prevalence, preterm babies, associated morbidities, Maiduguri 

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