scholarly journals Speech Fluency Disorders: A Review of Studies Conducted Over the Past Five Decades (1970-2020)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Naseem Akhtar Qureshi ◽  
Ali Mubarak Aldossari ◽  
Abdulhameed Abdullah Alhabeeb
Keyword(s):  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Dopamine Antagonists ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Fluency Disorders ◽  
Speech Fluency ◽  
The World ◽  
Developmental Stuttering ◽  
Speech Fluency Disorders

Background: Speech fluency disorder(SFD), a common disorder is reported in all age groups of people but most commonly in children around the world. Objective: This study aimed to review critically several aspects of SFD, specifically epidemiological parameters, etiological foundations, clinical and treatment perspectives. Methods: Electronic searches of relevant data published (1970-2020) in PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases were made using the Boolean operators and keywords and following iterative process 194 papers selected for this review. Results: Speech fluency disorder presents in a variety of forms including acquired neurogenic and psychogenic stuttering is a complex, challenging neurological disorder. SFD is determined by diverse biopsychosocial and cultural etiologies, commonly afflicts male children at age 2-3 years compared to their counterparts (4:1 ratio). SFD manifests a variety of signs and symptoms, and up to 85% children who stutter improves spontaneously with or without intervention. Childhood developmental stuttering (CDS) persists in 1-2% of adults and persistent developmental stuttering (PDS) is again male-gender condition. Persons who stutter (PWS) are managed by non-pharmacological especially speech therapy and pharmacological interventions in particular dopamine antagonists. Gender, early intervention, chronicity, severity, language skills, and comorbid conditions mainly determine the prognosis and outcome of stuttering. Conclusion: Extensive data concerning different perspectives of SFD is published globally, and projected better understanding of most speech disfluencies. Nonetheless, research need to be conducted to develop and provide better quality services to all PWS and to reduce the discrimination against PWS around the world.

scholarly journals Attentional functions in speech fluency disorders

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragnhild Rekve Heitmann ◽  
Arve Asbjørnsen ◽  
Turid Helland
Keyword(s):  
Fluency Disorders ◽  
Speech Fluency ◽  
Speech Fluency Disorders

scholarly journals Speech Fluency Improvement in Developmental Stuttering Using Non-invasive Brain Stimulation: Insights From Available Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierpaolo Busan ◽  
Beatrice Moret ◽  
Fabio Masina ◽  
Giovanni Del Ben ◽  
Gianluca Campana
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Functional Disturbance ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Speech Fluency ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Compensation Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Stuttering

Developmental stuttering (DS) is a disturbance of the normal rhythm of speech that may be interpreted as very debilitating in the most affected cases. Interventions for DS are historically based on the behavioral modifications of speech patterns (e.g., through speech therapy), which are useful to regain a better speech fluency. However, a great variability in intervention outcomes is normally observed, and no definitive evidence is currently available to resolve stuttering, especially in the case of its persistence in adulthood. In the last few decades, DS has been increasingly considered as a functional disturbance, affecting the correct programming of complex motor sequences such as speech. Compatibly, understanding of the neurophysiological bases of DS has dramatically improved, thanks to neuroimaging, and techniques able to interact with neural tissue functioning [e.g., non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS)]. In this context, the dysfunctional activity of the cortico-basal-thalamo-cortical networks, as well as the defective patterns of connectivity, seems to play a key role, especially in sensorimotor networks. As a consequence, a direct action on the functionality of “defective” or “impaired” brain circuits may help people who stutter to manage dysfluencies in a better way. This may also “potentiate” available interventions, thus favoring more stable outcomes of speech fluency. Attempts aiming at modulating (and improving) brain functioning of people who stutter, realized by using NIBS, are quickly increasing. Here, we will review these recent advancements being applied to the treatment of DS. Insights will be useful not only to assess whether the speech fluency of people who stutter may be ameliorated by acting directly on brain functioning but also will provide further suggestions about the complex and dynamic pathophysiology of DS, where causal effects and “adaptive''/‘‘maladaptive” compensation mechanisms may be strongly overlapped. In conclusion, this review focuses future research toward more specific, targeted, and effective interventions for DS, based on neuromodulation of brain functioning.

scholarly journals Coping with stress in adults with speech fluency disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Magdalena Pietraszek ◽  
Marta Łockiewicz ◽  
Anna Jankowska
Keyword(s):  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Fluency Disorders ◽  
Speech Fluency ◽  
Speech Fluency Disorders

Signals voice biofeedback for speech fluency disorders

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Francisco Martin ◽  
Raquel Fernandez-Ramos ◽  
Jorge Romero-Sanchez ◽  
Francisco Rios
Keyword(s):  
Fluency Disorders ◽  
Speech Fluency ◽  
Speech Fluency Disorders

scholarly journals The Pathogenesis, Assessment and Treatment of Speech Fluency Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Neumann ◽  
Harald A. Euler ◽  
Hans-Georg Bosshardt ◽  
Susanne Cook ◽  
Patricia Sandrieser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluency Disorders ◽  
Speech Fluency ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Speech Fluency Disorders

scholarly journals Training Course Framework Directed towards Persons who Stutter: Concepts and Reflections with Particular Reference to Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Abdulhameed Abdullah Alhabeeb ◽  
Ali Mubarak Aldossari ◽  
Naseem Akhtar Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Speech Fluency ◽  
Training Course ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Effective Training ◽  
The World ◽  
Knowledge Of Persons

Speech fluency disorder is a common problem among children across the world, though majority of stutters recover either spontaneously or with appropriate interventions including speech therapy and related knowledge and awareness upsurge. This paper describes a skeleton of a new training course intended for the teaching of different perspectives of speech fluency disorder (stuttering) leading to enhancement of knowledge of persons who stutter. Evidently, it is mandatory to develop a comprehensive course before any training course is directed towards adults who have speech fluency disorder. For this purpose, our team discussed iteratively various methods and processes used in the construction of an effective training course framework. As a result, the concise needed short course should have a course framework and a distinctive rationale and justification with aims and specific objectives, important contents, teaching methods, proper evaluation, available digital infrastructure resources and a well-defined suitable time framework. The authors recommend that the semi-theoretical construction of the training course for advancing the knowledge of persons who stutter that is linked with improvement in SFD could be utilized in Saudi Arabia or possibly other Gulf countries with or without modifications.

Mechanisms Involved in Glycemic Control Promoted by Exercise in Diabetics

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Francelino Andrade ◽  
Víviam de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Débora Ribeiro Orlando ◽  
Luciano José Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
World Population ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Factors

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by high glycemic levels for long periods. This disease has a high prevalence in the world population, being currently observed an increase in its incidence. This fact is mainly due to the sedentary lifestyle and hypercaloric diets. Non-pharmacological interventions for glycemic control include exercise, which promotes changes in skeletal muscle and adipocytes. Thus, increased glucose uptake by skeletal muscle and decreased insulin resistance through modulating adipocytes are the main factors that improve glycemic control against diabetes. Conclusion: It was sought to elucidate mechanisms involved in the improvement of glycemic control in diabetics in front of the exercise.

COVID-19: The Unprecedented Malady-A Holistic Review

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viney Chawla ◽  
Pooja A Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
Holistic Review ◽  
The World ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
Corona Viruses

Background: Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly at an unprecedented scale across continents and has emerged as the single biggest risk the world has faced in modern times. Some scientists are comparing it to Spanish flu that created havoc around a century ago. The fear of death by COVID-19 looms large at the world today. The disease has reached devastating proportions since its first reports in December 2019. Doctors are having a difficult time dealing with this challenge and the microbiologists are having sleepless nights to bring about an effective vaccine for this disease. Methods: A number of research and review articles have been exhaustively reviewed. The collected data was meticulously analysed and documented. Conclusion: This paper reviews the different types of corona viruses, the structure of SARS-CoV-2 responsible for COVID19, its transmission, virulence. Further, the article discusses the diagnosis, signs and symptoms like fever, breathlessness, cough, potential loss of taste or smell, sneezing, runny nose, fatigue, headache, sore throat and different treatment approaches including drug repurposing being tried by doctors around the globe that may come handy in the management of disease symptoms. The article describes the use of remdesivir, ribavarin, lopinavir, favipiravir, hydoxychloroquine, chloroquine, tocilizumab among others in treating COVID-19.

Natural and Nanotechnology based Treatment: An Alternative Approach to Psoriasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishu Yadav ◽  
Rohan Aggarwal ◽  
Monika Targhotra ◽  
P. K Sahoo ◽  
Meenakshi K. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Herbal Medicinal Products ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Herbal Medicinal ◽  
Delivery Mechanism ◽  
Dosage Frequency ◽  
Dose Reductions

Abstract:: Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease of the skin that is chronic, inflammatory, recurring, and affects about 2-5 percent of the population of the world. For treating psoriasis, ample drugs and molecules are available. However, none are safe and efficient for treating the disease without sacrificing the compliance of the patient. Also, existing medications are intended to mitigate the signs and symptoms and 100% cure is not achieved. They do, however, concentrate on treating the illness and relieving the symptoms. Therefore, finding a delivery mechanism that can treat psoriasis safely and efficiently without sacrificing patient enforcement remains a critical task. Nano based formulations present a high prospect of overcoming the weakness of traditional formulations by providing dose reductions, reduced side effects, and dosage frequency with improved efficacy while herbal medicinal products can also be used as potential drugs against psoriasis as they are easily available and are safe. This review focuses primarily on the traditional strategies and recent discoveries of a range of anti-psoriatic drugs in metallic, polymer, and herbal-based formulations. Nanocarriers such as nanoparticles, dendrimers, micelles, nano-capsules, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), ethosome, liposomes have been elaborated. Also, studies relating to the use of phyto based plants in psoriasis has been discussed. Nano and herbal based formulations, in a nutshell, remain known as a promising approach for treating psoriasis.

scholarly journals Sickle Cell Anemia Presenting with Vaso-Occlusive Pain: Should We Screen for COVID-19?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali ◽  
Lina Okar ◽  
Nabil E. Omar ◽  
Jabeed Parengal ◽  
Ashraf Soliman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
International Federation ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
The World

Despite the widespread of coronavirus disease-19 (CO­VID-19) infection around the world, there are very scarce reported literature about the care of patients with a known diagnosis of hemoglobin disorders such as sickle cell disease (SCD) or thalassemia and confirmed COVID-19 infection. Thalassemia International Federation issued a position statement to include patients with thalassemia and SCD among the high-risk groups of patients. Here, we present an interesting case of a 42-year-old patient know to have SCD presenting with Vaso-occlusive (VOC) pain episode in the absence of COVID-19 signs and symptoms, who tested positive for COVID-19 infection and had a smooth recovery. This case highlights the importance of screening SCD patients presenting with VOC-related events even in the absence of COVID-19 signs and symptoms.

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