Mechanisms Involved in Glycemic Control Promoted by Exercise in Diabetics

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Francelino Andrade ◽  
Víviam de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Débora Ribeiro Orlando ◽  
Luciano José Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
World Population ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Factors

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by high glycemic levels for long periods. This disease has a high prevalence in the world population, being currently observed an increase in its incidence. This fact is mainly due to the sedentary lifestyle and hypercaloric diets. Non-pharmacological interventions for glycemic control include exercise, which promotes changes in skeletal muscle and adipocytes. Thus, increased glucose uptake by skeletal muscle and decreased insulin resistance through modulating adipocytes are the main factors that improve glycemic control against diabetes. Conclusion: It was sought to elucidate mechanisms involved in the improvement of glycemic control in diabetics in front of the exercise.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Depression Symptoms in Diabetes Mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salih Eker
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Strong Indicator ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
The World

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent diseases all over the world. Prevalence of DM in Turkey is 13.7%. Depression is another condition which has a high prevalence. All over the world, an estimated 300 million people of all ages suffer from depression. The relevance between depression and DM is a well - known condition.AIM: We aimed in this study to find out the prevalence of depression symptoms for DM in an attempt to better manage the disease.METHODS: We preferred the Beck Depression Index (BDI) to evaluate the depression symptoms.RESULTS: The number of patients introduced the study were 171 (101 (59.1%) female). As a results of BDI 67 (39.2%) patients evaluated as normal [29 (28.7%) female], 54 (31.6%) had poor symptoms [35 (34.7%) female], 46 (26.9%) had moderate symptoms [34 (33.7%) female] and lastly only 4(2.3%) had strong symptoms 3 (3.0%) female]. So 50 (29.2%) of patients had median plus strong symptoms. There were statistically significant association between HbA1c stages and depression (P = 0.018).CONCLUSION: Being a patient with DM is a strong indicator that the patient may have a depressive disorder. So the physician who takes care patients with DM should be alert about depression, and the simplest way to accomplish is BDI.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents in the world and in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-16
Author(s):  
N. B. Zelinska ◽  
K. V. Grishchenko ◽  
E. V. Globa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
The State ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Metformin Monotherapy ◽  
The World ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

Introduction. Recently, many studies have been devoted to the study of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) worldwide. In most countries of the world, the increase in the prevalence of DM2 among children and adolescents is accompanied by an increase in childhood obesity. The presence of obesity or overweight in children can complicate the diagnosis of various types of DM. Detection and treatment of DM2 is extremely important for the society due to the wide range of severe diabetes complications.The aim of this work was to analyze the frequency of DM2 according to the Register of patients with DM, and to determine the state of glycemic control in children with DM2. Materials and methods. An analysis of glycemic control in children with DM2 who received various treatment regimens: with diet and lifestyle modifications, or with additional oral hypoglycemic agents (metformin monotherapy, or combination with insulin therapy). The glycemic control was assessed by measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level. Results. According to the data Register in Ukraine, the prevalence of DM among children has a tendency to rise — from 8.6 per 10 thousand children in 2005, to 13.14 — in 2019 year. The prevalence of DM2 in 2019 was 0.47 % of all cases of DM, and its prevalence contained 0.062 per 10 thousand children under 19 years of age with significant differences in the frequency of its diagnosis in different regions of Ukraine. We analyzed the state of glycemic control in children with DM2 aged from 9 up to 19 years old (Me 16.2 [15.5; 18.0]), with a  disease duration 0.5—12 years (Me 4.5 [1.0] ; 7.5]). The age of diagnosis of DM2 was 2-17 years old (Me 11.7 [8.5; 15.0]), and 91.3 % of patients had obesity. Diet and lifestyle modifications were used in 34.8 % of patients, metformin monotherapy in 52.2 %, and metformin and insulin combination therapy in 13 % of patients. HbA1c values ​​ranged from 5.0 to 11.4 % (Me 7.2 % [5,8; 8,0]). The proportion of children who had ideal or optimal glycemic control (HbA1c 7.0—7.5 %) was 52.2 %, suboptimal (HbA1c 7.6—9.0 %) — 39.1 %, high-risk glycemic control (HbA1c> 9.1 %) — 8.7 % of children. The most unsatisfactory HbA1c levels ​​were registered in children who received metformin in combination with insulin (Me 10.6 % [10,15; 11,4]). Chronic complications of DM2 have not been reported.Conclusions. We found a low prevalence of DM2 among the pediatric population in Ukraine, more likely due to the low quality of its detection among children diagnosed with DM, as well as among children among high risk groups. Most children with DM 2 were obese. The majority of patients with DM2 (52.2 %) received metformin monotherapy, more than a third did not receive oral hypoglycemic agents. In most children with DM2 (52,2 %), the state of glycemic control corresponded to the optimal (< 7.5 %), but higher levels of HbA1c were found children who received metformin in combination with insulin.

scholarly journals Comparative Prevalence Studies of Hepatitis C Patients in Developing Vs Developed Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Umer Tahir ◽  
Qurat Ul Ain ◽  
Rai Waqas ◽  
Irfan Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Population ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Hcv Prevalence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World

Viral hepatitis is one of the common transmissible causes of chronic liver responsible for increased risk of mortality and morbidity. Hepatitis C disease has worldwide high prevalence which is more fatal because of lack of vaccination availability. Present study was conducted with the aim of to address the comparative prevalence and risk factor of hepatitis C. Secondary objective was to evaluate the prevalence of this disease in Pakistan as compared to other countries. Most of the countries in the world do not have significant studies of population infected with Hepatitis C virus (HCV). During 1990-2016, 232 studies were included; containing 117 countries representing that 90% of the world population have 2.3% prevalence. According to studies, developed countries have low HCV prevalence while developing countries have high prevalence. Pakistan being a developing country has second highest HCV prevalence ranging from 4.5 to 8%. The reason of this high prevalence is unawareness about Hepatitis C in community and lack of successful therapies for patients with HCV. In past, developed countries had high prevalence but now they have low incidence because of proper system and awareness. Pakistan needs such kind of public awareness programs and better treatment facilities at affordable price to community.Tahir et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, November 2016, 5(12): 106-110http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol5Issue12/02.pdf

scholarly journals Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in rural population of Mullana, district Ambala, Haryana, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1248
Author(s):  
Nitesh Pradhan ◽  
Abhishek Sachdeva ◽  
Tushar Goel ◽  
Sahil Arora ◽  
Shekhar Barua
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major cause of avoidable blindness in developing and developed countries. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF)’s Diabetes Atlas reports that India has the highest number of people with diabetes (nearly 25%) in the world, and hence considered to be the “Diabetes Capital of the World”.Methods: This is a hospital record based study was planned to estimate the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in various age groups in rural population of Mullana, District Ambala(Haryana).Results: Out of 1050 patients screened 50 were found to be having Diabetes mellitus (DM) 1000 were non-diabetic i.e. prevalence of Diabetes mellitus (DM) was found to be 4.76%. Out of 362 males screened 22 were suffering from Diabetes mellitus (DM) i.e. prevalence of 6.07%. Whereas out of 688 females screened 28 were suffering from Diabetes mellitus (DM) i.e. prevalence of 4.06%. Prevalence of Diabetes mellitus (DM) in males was found to be maximum in age group of more than 70 years i.e. 6.97% as compare to female i.e.5.29%.Conclusions: Thus, the current study recorded high prevalence of Diabetes mellitus (DM) among rural population which should be a cause of concern for health care providers. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hypoglycemia Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Rural Health Center in South India

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 215013271988063 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Samya ◽  
Vanishree Shriraam ◽  
Aliya Jasmine ◽  
G. V. Akila ◽  
M. Anitha Rani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
High Prevalence

Introduction: One of the greatest threats to achieving tight glycemic control is hypoglycemia, which can lead to decreased drug compliance, cardiovascular events, and even mortality. There is lack of literature on this complication in the Indian setting. This study will aid the primary care physician to achieve better glycemic control of the diabetic patients and provide patient education to prevent hypoglycemia. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study in which 390 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus getting treated in a primary health center were assessed for symptoms of hypoglycemia. Results: Prevalence of hypoglycemia was 57.44% (95% CI 52.48-62.25). Severe hypoglycemia was found in 10.7% of the patients. The first reported symptom of hypoglycemia was dizziness (72.3%). The most common etiological factor leading to hypoglycemia was missing a meal (89.3%). Females were at a significant higher risk of developing hypoglycemia (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.04-1.3, P < .05). Conclusion: This study has established the high prevalence of self-reported hypoglycaemia in the rural settings where resources are limited to monitor the glucose levels. The high prevalence urges the need for the primary care physicians to enquire about the hypoglycemic symptoms to all diabetic patients at each visit. It is also important to educate these patients about the symptoms of hypoglycemia and the importance of reporting of such symptoms, which will help in adjusting dose and preventing future attacks.

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle Extracellular Matrix Remodeling with Worsening Glycemic Control in Nonhuman Primates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistaire D. Ruggiero ◽  
Ashley Davis ◽  
Chrissy Sherrill ◽  
Brian Westwood ◽  
Gregory A. Hawkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Ecm Remodeling

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) development may be mediated by skeletal muscle (SkM) function, which is responsible for >80% of circulating glucose uptake. The goals of this study were to assess changes in global and location-level gene expression, remodeling proteins, fibrosis and vascularity of SkM with worsening glycemic control, through RNA sequencing, immunoblotting and immunostaining. We evaluated SkM samples from health-diverse African green monkeys (Cholorcebus aethiops sabaeus) to investigate these relationships. We assessed SkM remodeling at the molecular level by evaluating unbiased transcriptomics in age, sex, and weight and waist circumference-matched metabolically healthy, pre-diabetic (Pre-T2D) and T2D monkeys (n=13). Our analysis applied novel location-specific gene differences and shows that extracellular facing and cell membrane-associated genes and proteins are highly upregulated in metabolic disease. We verified transcript patterns using immunohistochemical staining and protein analyses of MMP16, TIMP2 and VEGF. Extracellular matrix (ECM) functions to support intercellular communications, including the coupling of capillaries to muscle cells, which was worsened with increasing blood glucose. Multiple regression modeling from age- and health-diverse monkeys (n=33) revealed that capillary density was negatively predicted only by fasting blood glucose. The loss of vascularity in SkM co-occurred with reduced expression of hypoxia-sensing genes, which is indicative of a disconnect between altered ECM and reduced endothelial cells, and known perfusion deficiencies present in IR and T2D. This report supports that rising blood glucose values incite ECM remodeling and reduce SkM capillarization, and that targeting ECM would be a rational approach to improve health with metabolic disease.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a Multicomponent Intervention in Primary Care That Addresses Patients with Diabetes Mellitus with Two or More Unhealthy Habits, Such as Diet, Physical Activity or Smoking: Multicenter Randomized Cluster Trial (EIRA Study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5788
Author(s):  
Francisco Represas-Carrera ◽  
Sabela Couso-Viana ◽  
Fátima Méndez-López ◽  
Bárbara Masluk ◽  
Rosa Magallón-Botaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Individual Group ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Life Habits

Introduction: We evaluated the effectiveness of an individual, group and community intervention to improve the glycemic control of patients with diabetes mellitus aged 45–75 years with two or three unhealthy life habits. As secondary endpoints, we evaluated the inverventions’ effectiveness on adhering to Mediterranean diet, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking and quality of life. Method: A randomized clinical cluster (health centers) trial with two parallel groups in Spain from January 2016 to December 2019 was used. Patients with diabetes mellitus aged 45–75 years with two unhealthy life habits or more (smoking, not adhering to Mediterranean diet or little physical activity) participated. Centers were randomly assigned. The sample size was estimated to be 420 people for the main outcome variable. Educational intervention was done to improve adherence to Mediterranean diet, physical activity and smoking cessation by individual, group and community interventions for 12 months. Controls received the usual health care. The outcome variables were: HbA1c (main), the Mediterranean diet adherence score (MEDAS), the international diet quality index (DQI-I), the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), sedentary lifestyle, smoking ≥1 cigarette/day and the EuroQuol questionnaire (EVA-EuroQol5D5L). Results: In total, 13 control centers (n = 356) and 12 intervention centers (n = 338) were included with similar baseline conditions. An analysis for intention-to-treat was done by applying multilevel mixed models fitted by basal values and the health center: the HbA1c adjusted mean difference = −0.09 (95% CI: −0.29–0.10), the DQI-I adjusted mean difference = 0.25 (95% CI: −0.32–0.82), the MEDAS adjusted mean difference = 0.45 (95% CI: 0.01–0.89), moderate/high physical activity OR = 1.09 (95% CI: 0.64–1.86), not living a sedentary lifestyle OR = 0.97 (95% CI: 0.55–1.73), no smoking OR = 0.61 (95% CI: 0.54–1.06), EVA adjusted mean difference = −1.26 (95% CI: −4.98–2.45). Conclusions: No statistically significant changes were found for either glycemic control or physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking and quality of life. The multicomponent individual, group and community interventions only showed a statistically significant improvement in adhering to Mediterranean diet. Such innovative interventions need further research to demonstrate their effectiveness in patients with poor glycemic control.

scholarly journals Effect of Ayurvedic Churnam on the Elevated Blood Sugars by Stz Drug

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Ramesh M ◽  
Vincent Vidyasagar J ◽  
Tharun Kumar G ◽  
Akhila C R
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
World Population ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Secondary Complications ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
The World

Diabetes Mellitus shortly called as DM is a metabolic disorder which is due to the improper secretion of the insulin by the pancreas. The insensitivity in the reuptake of insulin also causes diabetes. This increases the blood glucose level and affects physiological functions. The majority of the population that is suffering from DM are generally obese or following unhealthy lifestyle habits. There are about half of the world population is suffering from DM and related complications. DM secondary complications include nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy and vascular complications like PVD and PAD. Considering the activity of herbs and the safety of the same, an ayurvedic formulation was prepared using herbs, and the same is investigated for the antidiabetic activity. The ayurvedic formulation that is designed in the study is an ayurvedic churnam preparation out of the texts of the Ayurveda books. The polyherbal churnam that is prepared showed a significantly better activity compared to the standard drug and the marketed ayurvedic formulation too. The higher dose of the extract showed higher activity compared to the lower dose of the preparation.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus and microvascular complications

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Vladimirovna Maslova ◽  
Yury Ivanovich Suntsov
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The present work is devoted studying of epidemiological situation of diabetes mellitus (DM). The data on prevalence and incidence of DM and itsmicrovascular complications among adult population in the different countries of the world is presented. The analysis of numerous researches allowsto speak about high prevalence of this disease all over the world and to allocate a number of the most significant risk factors of development andprogressing of diabetic complications.

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