scholarly journals Constraints Faced by Guava Growers in Adoption of Guava Production Technology and Suggestions for Suitable Extension Strategies to Overcome the Problem in Bijnor District of UP

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Desh Pal Singh ◽  
Satya Prakash ◽  
Vikas Kumar ◽  
Krishna Kumar Singh ◽  
Prerna Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Guava grown in diverse agro-climatic conditions faces differential biotic and abiotic stress that limiting the production and productivity of guava and consequently, influenced the economic condition of its growers. Keeping these facts in mind, the present study was conducted in Bijnor district of UP to find out the constraints faced by guava growers in adoption of production technology and suggest suitable extension strategies to overcome the problems. Two villages from 11 blocks were selected randomly on the basis of orchard availability. Five guava Growers was selected from each selected village. Thus, the total sample size for the investigation was 110 respondents who faced constraints in adoption of guava production technology. The guava respondents faced the constraints in adoption of guava production technology. Total constraints mainly divided into five groups. Among the input constraints, unavailability of quality chemicals like plant growth regulator, water soluble fertilizer and plant protection chemicals at government sale centre got first rank with 77.27 percent respondent, followed by unavailability of quality sapling of guava at Government nursery (73.64 percent). Among the technological constraints, lack of knowledge about organic farming of guava got first rank with 91.82 percent respondents followed by lack of knowledge about drip irrigation schedules (89.09 percent). Among the socio- psychological constraints, lack of coordination among the beneficiary and state/district horticulture department got the first rank with 92.73 percent respondents followed by inadequate extension activities conducted by state/district horticulture department (88.18 percent). Among the marketing constraints, exploitation of guava growers by middlemen got first rank with 92.73 percent respondents followed by lack of quality storage facility (87.27 percent). Among the financial constraints, lack of government funding of loan and granting of subsidies got first rank with 94.55 percent followed by high labour charges (92.73 percent). Lack of knowledge about organic farming of guava was identified as major constraints in qualitative guava production. It is therefore suggested the extension workers should organize guava growers in different groups of organic farming. They should plan knowledgeable programmes for the respondents so they can be motivated to what the organic farming of guava and can increase their knowledge about quality guava production practices through extension work like group discussion, training, demonstrations, exhibition, etc. The growers therefore are required to be educated to follow up all the recommended production practices for guava, use of timely inputs, nutrients and plant protection management practices which will help in increasing the production and productivity.

scholarly journals Constraints Encountered by Wheat Producers in Adoption of Wheat Production Technology in Faizabad District of Uttar Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 194-199
Author(s):  
Alimul Islam ◽  
Naushad Alam ◽  
Avdhesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Production Technology ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Seed Technology ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Wheat is a major staple food crop; it is one of the major sources of protein in the least developed countries and middle-income countries and in terms of caloric and dietary intake. The present study was conducted to identify the constraints in the adoption of wheat production technology in the Masaudha and Sohawal community developments blocks of Faizabad district. Data were collected with the help of personal interview methods and a pre-trial interview schedule. One hundred and twenty respondents were selected from twelve villages that were selected at random. Findings showed that 52.5% of the wheat-growers were of middle age (36–50 years) and 53.33% were literate, while 22.5% of the respondents had received education up to the primary level. Agriculture was the main occupation of most of the respondents and the income level of the respondents was also low, while farmers met the respondents occasionally to increase their income and to learn new skills. So the results showed that the constraints were responsible for the low adoption of wheat production techniques, however, some of them were the most significant such as lack of seed technology, lack of knowledge about seed treatment, lack of knowledge about soil analysis technology, plant protection and Lack of knowledge about irrigation technology Lack of knowledge about advanced types of equipment, etc. This trend means that more educational effort needs to be made by the extension agency by way of improving knowledge, adopting new wheat farming techniques, and accelerating the pace of production.

scholarly journals Competitiveness of organically grown cereals

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Jánský ◽  
Iva Živělová ◽  
Jan Křen ◽  
Soňa Valtýniová
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Cereal Species

The contribution is aimed at the assessment of recommended crop management practices of chosen cereals for organic farming. To increase competitiveness, these practices are modified depending on soil and climatic conditions, and on a way of production use. Furthermore, impacts of the recommended crop management practices on economics of growing chosen cereals are evaluated and compared with economic results obtained under conventional farming. It is assumed that achieved results will contribute to the increase in proportion of arable crops in the Czech Republic where organic production offer does not meet current demands.When evaluating results of growing individual cereal species in a selective set of organic farms, triticale, spelt and spring barley (in this ranking) can be considered as profitable crops. Moreover, triticale and spelt have even higher gross margin under organic farming than under conventional farming (by 62 % in triticale). Oat brings losses, however, it is important for livestock production. Winter wheat seems to be also unprofitable since less grain is produced at lower imputs per hectare and only part of it is produced in quality “bio”, i.e. marketed for higher prices. Rye also brings losses under organic farming, particularly due to lower yields, similarly to the other mentioned cereals. Special cereal species that are still neglected in organic farming systems are of potential use. Durum wheat has vitreous kernels with a high content of quality gluten which is used for pasta production. It can be grown in the maize production area on fertile soils only.

scholarly journals Study of constraints analysis in organic farming cultivation in Sonipat and Hisar district of Haryana state, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Shehrawat ◽  
Rati Mukteshawar ◽  
Nora Abu Baker Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Organic Certification ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

The present study was undertaken in two purposively selected districts, namely Sonipat and Hisar of Haryana state and a total no. of one hundred twenty farmers were selected and interviewed to study the prospects of organic farming and to assess the constraints in adoption of organic farming. The finding regarding farmers’ per-ception about input constraints in adoption of organic farming show that lack of knowledge and demand of bio pesticides (90.8%) was ranked first, the results regarding perception about technical constraints in adopting of organic farming reveals that non- availability of improved organic production technology and Lack of knowledge about weed management practices in organic farming were ranked first (94.2 %). The finding regarding farmers perception about marketing and economic constraints in adoption of organic farming showed that no separate market for organic produces and Weak marketing network /sale point both were ranked first with highest weight mean score (360). Absolutely hundred percent of the respondents had perceived it as most serious constraint in organic farming, the results show that transfer of technology constraints in adoption of organic farming namely, Data bank not available about consumers and demand was ranked first with highest weight mean score (2.98). Moreover 98.3 percent of the farmers had perceived it as most serious constraint in organic farming and the finding regarding farmers’ perception of certification constraints in organic farming shows that complicated process of organic certification was ranked first constraint (67.5 which in tern reflects the combersome procedure that may restrict the adoption of organic cultivation.

Abiotic factors (nntrogen and water) in maize : A review

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ramachandiran ◽  
S. Pazhanivelan
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
World Population ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Taking Action

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most versatile cereal crops having wider adaptability under varied agro-climatic conditions. Nitrogen and water are the main abiotic factors that limit the yield of maize worldwide. The formulation of nitrogen and water management practices is needed to ensure food productivity for the increasing world population and to address the growing concerns regarding the adverse environmental impacts of agricultural activities. Hence, considering the overall performance in terms of growth, yield and economic returns, it is concluded that with 250 kg N ha-1 and irrigation at 0.80 IW/CPE ratio can be recommended under irrigated condition to get higher productivity and benefit cost ratio of maize. In future need to studies that distinguish between biotic and abiotic stress in maize involving spectral remote sensing for vital information required both for the quantification of consequences on production and for taking action for their mitigation.

scholarly journals Potential impact of genome editing in world agriculture

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Martínez-Fortún ◽  
Dylan W. Phillips ◽  
Huw D. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Null Alleles ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress

Changeable biotic and abiotic stress factors that affect crop growth and productivity, alongside a drive to reduce the unintended consequences of plant protection products, will demand highly adaptive farm management practices as well as access to continually improved seed varieties. The former is limited mainly by cost and, in theory, could be implemented in relatively short time frames. The latter is fundamentally a longer-term activity where genome editing can play a major role. The first targets for genome editing will inevitably be loss-of-function alleles, because these are straightforward to generate. In addition, they are likely to focus on traits under simple genetic control and where the results of modification are already well understood from null alleles in existing gene pools or other knockout or silencing approaches such as induced mutations or RNA interference. In the longer term, genome editing will underpin more fundamental changes in agricultural performance and food quality, and ultimately will merge with the tools and philosophies of synthetic biology to underpin and enable new cellular systems, processes and organisms completely. The genetic changes required for simple allele edits or knockout phenotypes are synonymous with those found naturally in conventional breeding material and should be regulated as such. The more radical possibilities in the longer term will need societal engagement along with appropriate safety and ethical oversight.

Concepts and Practices for Improving Nitrogen Management for Vegetables

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Hochmuth
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Land Grant ◽  
Land Grant Universities ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
N Management

Efficient N management practices usually involve many potential strategies, but always involve choosing the correct amount of N and the coupling of N management to efficient water management. Nitrogen management strategies are integral parts of improved production practices recommended by land-grant universities such as the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Univ. of Florida. This paper, which draws heavily on research and experience in Florida, outlines the concepts and technologies for managing vegetable N fertilization to minimize negative impacts on the environment.

scholarly journals Environmental Drivers and Age Trends in Site Productivity for Oak in Southern Poland

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Luiza Tymińska-Czabańska ◽  
Jarosław Socha ◽  
Marek Maj ◽  
Dominika Cywicka ◽  
Xo Viet Hoang Duong
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Site Productivity ◽  
Site Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Si Model

Site productivity provides critical information for forest management practices and is a fundamental measure in forestry. It is determined using site index (SI) models, which are developed using two primary groups of methods, namely, phytocentric (plant-based) or geocentric (earth-based). Geocentric methods allow for direct site growth modelling, in which the SI is predicted using multiple environmental indicators. However, changes in non-static site factors—particularly nitrogen deposition and rising CO2 concentration—lead to an increase in site productivity, which may be visible as an age trend in the SI. In this study, we developed a geocentric SI model for oak. For the development of the SI model, we used data from 150 sample plots, representing a wide range of local topographic and site conditions. A generalized additive model was used to model site productivity. We found that the oak SI depended predominantly on physicochemical soil properties—mainly nitrogen, carbon, sand, and clay content. Additionally, the oak SI value was found to be slightly shaped by the topography, especially by altitude above sea level, and topographic position. We also detected a significant relationship between the SI and the age of oak stands, indicating the long-term increasing site productivity for oak, most likely caused by nitrogen deposition and changes in climatic conditions. The developed geocentric site productivity model for oak explained 77.2% of the SI variation.

scholarly journals Organic Farming and Cover-Crop Management Reduce Pest Predation in Austrian Vineyards

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Jo Marie Reiff ◽  
Sebastian Kolb ◽  
Martin H. Entling ◽  
Thomas Herndl ◽  
Stefan Möth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Lobesia Botrana ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Natural Pest Control ◽  
Predation Rates

Habitat simplification and intensive use of pesticides are main drivers of global arthropod declines and are, thus, decreasing natural pest control. Organic farming, complex landscapes, and local vineyard management practices such as implementation of flower-rich cover-crop mixtures may be a promising approach to enhance predator abundance and, therefore, natural pest control. We examined the effect of organic versus integrated management, cover-crop diversity in the vineyard inter-rows, and landscape composition on the natural pest control of Lobesia botrana eggs and pupae. Predation of L. botrana pupae was reduced by organic farming and species-poor cover-crops by about 10%. Predation rates of L. botrana eggs did not differ significantly in any of the studied management options. Dominant predators were earwigs (Forficulidae), bush crickets (Tettigoniidae), and ants (Formicidae). Negative effects of organic viticulture are most likely related to the negative nontarget effects on arthropods related to the frequent sulfur and copper applications in combination with the avoidance of strongly damaging insecticides by integrated winegrowers. While a 10% difference in predation rates on a single pest stage is unlikely to have strong practical implications, our results show that the assumed effectiveness of environmentally friendly agriculture needs to be evaluated for specific crops and regions.

scholarly journals Solid Dispersions of Anthelmintics and Plant Protection Preparations

Solids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-75
Author(s):  
Salavat S. Khalikov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Poorly Soluble

Because of the rapid development of nanotechnologies, materials, in particular, solid dispersions (SDs), which are actively introduced into the life of modern man, have been obtained. Special progress in this area is observed in industry and medicine. The use of SDs in agriculture is lagging far behind, despite the growing number of scientific papers on this topic. At the same time, the prospects for the introduction of SDs in the agro-industrial complex are obvious. The review presents the results of research on the development of innovative preparations based on SD to protect plants from diseases and pests of cultivated plants, as well as parasiticides to protect animal health based on modern achievements of nanotechnology. One of these technologies is the methods of mechanochemistry, which improve the properties of poorly soluble biologically active substances by their joint mechanical treatment with water-soluble polymers and auxiliary substances.

scholarly journals Potential Use of Organic- and Hard-Rock Mine Wastes on Aided Phytostabilization of Large-Scale Mine Tailings under Semiarid Mediterranean Climatic Conditions: Short-Term Field Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Santibañez ◽  
Luz María de la Fuente ◽  
Elena Bustamante ◽  
Sergio Silva ◽  
Pedro León-Lobos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Goat Manure ◽  
Site Rehabilitation

The study evaluated the efficacy of organic- and hard-rock mine waste type materials on aided phytostabilization of Cu mine tailings under semiarid Mediterranean conditions in order to promote integrated waste management practices at local levels and to rehabilitate large-scale (from 300 to 3,000 ha) postoperative tailings storage facilities (TSFs). A field trial with 13 treatments was established on a TSF to test the efficacy of six waste-type locally available amendments (grape and olive residues, biosolids, goat manure, sediments from irrigation canals, and rubble from Cu-oxide lixiviation piles) during early phases of site rehabilitation. Results showed that, even though an interesting range of waste-type materials were tested, biosolids (100 t ha-1dry weight, d.w.) and grape residues (200 t ha-1d.w.), either alone or mixed, were the most suitable organic amendments when incorporated into tailings to a depth of 20 cm. Incorporation of both rubble from Cu-oxide lixiviation piles and goat manure into upper tailings also had effective results. All these treatments improved chemical and microbiological properties of tailings and lead to a significant increase in plant yield after three years from trial establishment. Longer-term evaluations are, however required to evaluate self sustainability of created systems without further incorporation of amendments.

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