Micro Propagation of Pterocarpus santalinoides Using Three Different Growth Media

Aims: Micro propagation of P. santalinoides was carried out in order to ascertain the most appropriate culture media for its micro propagation. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in different growth media in the laboratory. Place and Duration of Study: The micro propagation of Pterocarpus santalinoides was carried out at the Tissue culture laboratory of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka and lasted between July and October 2018. Methodology: Seeds from fresh and healthy ripe fruit which was cut open mechanically with the help of secateurs were gotten from Ai-kwu, Otukpa Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. The seeds were air dried and used as explant. The explants were surface sterilized using NaOCl solution for 10 mins, rinsed with distilled water and then the soft seed coat were removed and the seeds were cultured under aseptic conditions on MS medium and other growth medium. Seeds of Pterocarpus santalinoides were inoculated on six different growth media with varying compositions. The media are MS, B5 and white’s without growth hormones (MSoo, B5oo, and WHoo), and each of them was supplemented with 3.0 mgl-1 BAP and 0.5 mgl-1 NAA (MSBN, B5BN, WHBN). Results: Seed germination improved in all the media studied. However, MS combinations gave the best result (90-93%). The maximum number of leaves and roots recorded was in MSBN (3.8 for leaves and 2 for roots) followed by MSoo (2.6) and WHBN (2.6). The leaf area was best for the MS combination (0.232 cm2) followed by the White’s combinations (0.154 cm2) and least for the B5 combinations (0.026 cm2) while shoot and root length was maximum in MSBN (4.28 cm for the shoot and 1.18 cm for the root) followed by WHBN (1.90 cm). The result for t-test revealed that there was a significant difference between the parameters studied for growth media with growth hormones and those without growth hormones. The recorded percentage germination rate for MS medium without growth hormone was 90.75±0.97 while MS medium supplemented with growth hormone was 93.25±0.25. B5 medium without growth medium was 60.25±0.50 and when supplemented with growth hormone, the value was 66.50±0.57. White medium without growth hormone had a value of 75.25±1.70 and when supplemented with growth hormone the value was 78.0±0.81. Conclusion: The growth rates of Pterocarpus santalinoides, in MS medium among other basal media (B5 and White) offers a compromise between all the growth parameters which indicates that variation of the basal medium composition could lead to enhanced Pterocarpus santalinoides regeneration efficiency.

Download Full-text

Duckweed from a Biorefinery System: Nutrient Recovery Efficiency and Forage Value

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13205261 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (20) ◽

pp. 5261

Author(s):

Marcin Sońta ◽

Andrzej Łozicki ◽

Magdalena Szymańska ◽

Tomasz Sosulski ◽

Ewa Szara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Medium ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Liquid Fraction ◽

Recovery Process ◽

Nutrient Recovery ◽

Growth Media ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

The Media ◽

Forage Value ◽

Interdisciplinary Study

This paper presents the results of an interdisciplinary study aimed at assessing the possibility of using duckweed to purify and recover nutrients from the effluent remaining after struvite precipitation and ammonia stripping from a liquid fraction of anaerobic digestate in a biorefinery located at a Dutch dairy cattle production farm. The nutritional value of duckweed obtained in a biorefinery was assessed as well. Duckweed (Lemna minuta) was cultured on a growth medium with various concentrations of effluent from a biorefinery (EFL) and digested slurry (DS) not subjected to the nutrient recovery process. The study’s results showed that duckweed culture on the media with high contents of DS or EFL was impossible because they both inhibited its growth. After 15 days of culture, the highest duckweed yield was obtained from the ponds with DS or EFL contents in the medium reaching 0.39% (37.8 g fresh matter (FM) and 16.8 g FM per 8500 mL of the growth medium, respectively). The recovery of N by duckweed was approximately 75% and 81%, whereas that of P was approximately 45% and 55% of the growth media with EFL0.39% and DS0.39%, respectively. Duckweed obtained from the biorefinery proved to be a valuable high-protein feedstuff with high contents of α-tocopherol and carotenoids. With a protein content in duckweed approximating 35.4–36.1%, it is possible to obtain 2–4 t of protein per 1 ha from EFL0.39% and DS0.39% ponds, respectively.

Download Full-text

Comparation Between Mac conkey and Coconut Water Medium as a Growth Medium for Escherichia coli

Indonesian Journal of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology ◽

10.33086/ijmlst.v3i1.1906 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 19-25

Author(s):

Endah Prayekti ◽

Suliati Suliati ◽

Dwi Agustin Wulandari

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Growth Medium ◽

Coconut Water ◽

Growth Media ◽

Water Medium ◽

E Coli ◽

Commercial Media ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Water Media

Escherichia coli is the bacteria that can cause diarrhea in humans and often used as a parameter of stool environmental pollution. Culture of E. coli from the sample often requires Mac Conkey as commercial media which is able to distinguish it from other bacteria in the Enterobacteriaceae group. Commercial media such as Mac Conkey certainly has a price that is quite expensive because of its ability as a growth medium for Enterobacteriaceae. Therefore, in the study tested natural ingredients that can be used for growth media, such as coconut water. The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of Mac Conkey media and coconut water to support the growth of E. coli. This research is an experimental study with a completely randomized design. The concentration of coconut water tested was 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. The results showed that at the concentration of coconut water 20% to 60% the number of E. coli colonies on coconut water media was slightly below the Mac Conkey Agar media, while in coconut water a concentration of 80% showed a greater number of colonies than Mac Conkey. The Mann Whitney test showed a significant difference between the number of colonies on 80% coconut water media and Mac Conkey Agar, which was equal to 0.004 (p < 0.05). Based on these results, coconut water has the potential to be used as a growth medium for E. coli.

Download Full-text

Resveratrol Production from Hairy Root Cultures of Scutellaria baicalensis

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1300800517 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 1934578X1300800

Author(s):

Sang-Won Lee ◽

Young Seon Kim ◽

Md. Romij Uddin ◽

Do Yeon Kwon ◽

Yeon Bok Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hairy Root ◽

Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽

Growth Media ◽

Hairy Root Cultures ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Root Cultures ◽

Full Strength ◽

Alternative Approach ◽

Half Strength ◽

The Media

The levels of resveratrol produced by hairy root cultures of Scutellaria baicalensis were investigated using different media of varying strengths and in the presence of various concentrations of auxins. The levels of resveratrol were higher when the hairy root cultures were maintained in full-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium when compared with other growth media. The cultures grown in full-strength MS medium produced 2.5-fold higher resveratrol than those grown in half-strength B5 medium—the lowest resveratrol-producing medium. The levels of resveratrol varied significantly when cultures were grown in full-strength MS with varying concentrations of auxins. Supplementation of the media with the auxin indole acetic acid (IAA) at 0.1 mg/L produced the highest accumulation of resveratrol. Our findings reveal a valuable alternative approach for the production of resveratrol from S. baicalensis.

Download Full-text

Determination of Optimum Nitrogen Ratios and Concentrations for Embryo Cultures of Alstroemeria

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.630e ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 630e-630

Author(s):

Paula C. Moreck ◽

Mark Bridgen

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Somatic Embryos ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Embryo Cultures ◽

The Media

The rates of in ovulo germination of embryos of three genotypes of Alstroemeria were observed. Ovules were harvested ten days after pollination and cultured on sixteen different treatments containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium with no plant growth regulators. The media contained four different concentrations of total nitrogen: 20, 40, 60, 80 mm. Within these concentrations were either 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, or 2:1 ratios of nitrate to ammonium. Standard MS medium, with a concentration of 60 mm total nitrogen and a ratio of 2:1 nitrate to ammonium, was used as the control. The overall rates of germination for all three genotypes were low in all treatments. The percentage of zygotic germination was low while the percentage of somatic embryos produced was high. In some situations, callus or deformed embryos were produced. Effects of the treatments on embryo development and germination will be discussed.

Download Full-text

Germination potential of Sesbania cannabina in 2 Chromium (Cr) spiked growth media

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-5952 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abdul Kadir Ibne Kamal ◽

Lesley Batty ◽

Rebecca Bartlett ◽

Suleiman Suleiman ◽

Joanna Chustecki

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Soils ◽

Root Length ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Toxicity Testing ◽

Growth Media ◽

Root Tips ◽

Sesbania Cannabina ◽

Full Spectrum ◽

Submerged Soils ◽

Significant Difference

Sediments of the banks of the Buriganga River, Bangladesh, are contaminated with heavy metals from industrial activity, especially Chromium (Cr). These carcinogens pose a serious risk to human and environmental health (Nargis et al., 2018). Sesbania cannabina, a leguminous fodder crop with rapid growth and high biomass production, is found to be naturally growing in these areas (Sarwar et al., 2015) and may have phytoremediation potential (Varun et al., 2017). This study aims to determine whether Sesbania cannabina can be grown from seed under chromium stressed conditions to establish this species as a possible phyto-extractor.In this experiment toxicity testing of Chromium (K2Cr2O7) on seed germination was carried out using two growth media: Murashige and Skoog basal medium (MS0); and filter paper (Whatman Grad 1), by top of media or top of paper method respectively. In all cases, seeds were germinated under controlled conditions; 12 h full spectrum light at temperature 28&#176;C &#177; 1&#176;C and relative humidity of ~ 75% for 5 days. Seeds were pre-treated with H2O2 (6% v/v) for 5 minutes and primed with 65&#176;C water for 5 minutes, before the addition of Cr. Under low Cr concentrations (0 to 50 ppm) there was no significant effect observed in germination or root length. Under high Cr concentrations 98-100% of seeds germinated in both growth media, but root length decreased to almost half that of controls in &#8805; 500 ppm Cr, and root elongation was negligible or stopped in &#8805; 1000 ppm Cr. Confocal micrographs (stained with propidium iodide) indicate that damage to the cell wall of lateral root tips of germinated seeds increased with the concentration of Cr. There was no significant difference observed between the two growth media.Thus it can be concluded that Sesbenia cannabina can tolerate Cr contamination, and is able to germinate and grow in up to 500 ppm Cr. Given the ability of SC to grow in semi-arid to sub-humid climates, and a range of environmental conditions including seasonally submerged soils, there is great potential for SC to be adopted as a tool for phytoremediation of Cr contaminated soils in Bangladesh and elsewhere.

Download Full-text

Micropropagation of Solanum lycopersicum L. using chemical free formulated organic plant growth media

Plant Science Today ◽

10.14719/pst.1348 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Suman Kashyap ◽

Shreyaa ◽

Akshaya Suresh ◽

Seema Tharannum

Keyword(s):

Solanum Lycopersicum ◽

Coelomic Fluid ◽

Contamination Level ◽

P Value ◽

Growth Media ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Short Period ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Extract Medium

Micropropagation is currently the most commercially effective plant biotechnology that helps in the rapid generation of a large number of clonal plants of many plant species in a short period. Effective protocol was developed for in vitro micropropagation of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) using chemical-free organic vermicompost (VC) extract medium. This experiment aims to expose the advancement in plant tissue culture technique by using synthetic Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) medium and a chemical-free organic VC (30%) extract along with 4% coelomic fluid (obtained from the earthworms Eudrilus eugeniae) as a growth medium for in vitro studies. The response of roots, leaves, shoots, and nodes in both synthetic (MS) medium and chemical-free organic VC extract medium was compared statistically using Student’s t-test. Statistically significant differences for the number of roots (P =0.011), leaves (P=0.012), and nodes (P=0.001) between the two media were reported. Both media showed the same shoot induction where no significant differences were reported with a P value of 1.000 for shoots. The protocol has led to a 100% plant survival rate on chemical-free organic vermicompost extract media. The results have also shown a significant difference in growth rate between two different media. Vermicompost and coelomic fluid used in media have antimicrobial activities which led to minimal contamination level and this consequently minimized timely subculturing. Through our studies, we found that chemical-free organic vermicompost extract media proved to be more economical and a better prospective than MS media for in vitro propagation of tomato.

Download Full-text

MICROPROPAGATION OF CHICKPEA FROM SHOOT TIP AND NODE SEGMENT

FLORA AND FAUNA ◽

10.33451/florafauna.v24i2pp270-274 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

Author(s):

J. D. BARSHILE

Keyword(s):

Shoot Tip ◽

Root Induction ◽

Multiple Response ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Rapid Multiplication ◽

Micro Propagation ◽

G 12 ◽

Better Than

Present investigation was undertaken to standardize technique for in vitro micro-propagation of chickpea( Cicer arietinum ) cultivar Vishwas (Phule G 12). Micropropagation method for chickpea was established and this method enabled much more efficient propagation of plants. The present work was aimed at evolving a protocol for rapid multiplication of chickpea using micropropagation technique. Explants from shoot tip and node segment were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP and Kinetin (1.0 to 2.5 mg/l) and their growth responses like shooting were elucidated. The maximum multiple response was observed with 2 mg/l concentration of BAP from both types of explant. The highest number of shoots (12.5 ± 0.3) was achieved on MS medium with 2 mg/l BAP using node segments. The medium supplemented with 2 mg/l of BAP was found better than all other concentrations. Individual shoots were transferred to IBA and IAA (1.0-1.5 mg/l) for root induction. MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l of IBA proved better for rooting. Rooted plantlets were successfully hardened in greenhouse and established in the pot.

Download Full-text

GROWTH HORMONE RESPONSES TO FRUCTOSE IN DIABETES MELLITUS

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0750497 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 497-502

Author(s):

Mayer B. Davidson ◽

Roger M. Steele

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Growth Hormone ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Gh Secretion ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Duration Of Disease ◽

Hormone Responses

ABSTRACT Since fructose is normally metabolized in diabetics and has recently been shown to stimulate GH secretion, it was used to assess GH responses in diabetics. Fourteen diabetics (9 on insulin) and 8 controls matched for weight were studied. Fructose, infused over 10 min, was compared to arginine, infused over 30 min, both at 0.5 g/kg. Samples were collected at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min and GH responses assessed as area under the curve minus the fasting area. There was no significant difference between the GH responses in diabetics and controls to either agent. Responses to arginine and fructose were significantly correlated (r = 0.60, P < 0.01) in all subjects, but not related to therapy, duration of disease or fasting glucose (75–287 mg/100 ml) in the diabetics. Oral glucose blunted the GH response to fructose in 2 controls. It is concluded that 1) fructose can stimulate GH secretion in male diabetics; 2) however, fructose-stimulated GH responses are not increased in diabetes mellitus.

Download Full-text

Cultivation and Harvesting of Selenium-Enriched Ganoderma lingzhi and Spent Medium Using Kudzu Vine as Substrate

Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research ◽

10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.18:152-157 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 152-157

Author(s):

Zeng Xianlu ◽

Han Fei ◽

Zhong Yanmei

Keyword(s):

Growth Medium ◽

Wheat Bran ◽

Fruiting Body ◽

Sodium Selenite ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Growth Substrate ◽

Organic Selenium ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ganoderma Lingzhi ◽

Run Speed

In order to harvest selenium-enriched fruiting body and spores of Ganoderma lingzhi and spent medium, G. lingzhi was cultivated in kudzu vine as substrate and the bio-transformation of selenite was evaluated. The growth medium consisted of Kudzu vine supplemented with 20% wheat bran or sawdust or none. The growth medium was supplemented with 0, 10, 20, 30, and 50 mg/kg of sodium selenite. We found a significant difference in spawn run speed, fruiting body and spore yields when Kudzu vine was supplemented with wheat bran or sawdust. However, when whole-kudzu vine was used alone as substrate, it resulted in a significantly lower spawn run speed, fruiting body, and spore yields compared with kudzu vine + sawdust substrate and kudzu vine + wheat bran substrate. The selenium content in fruiting body and spores increased with increasing sodium selenite supplementation and approximately equaled half of the selenium in the substrate. No selenite was detected in both the fruiting body and spores. However, in the spent medium when sodium selenite was supplemented at 10, 20, 30, 50 mg/kg, the residual selenite concentration decreased to 0.45, 0.72, 1.29, and 1.95 mg/kg, respectively, suggesting a higher selenite transformation (92.27–93.57%). In conclusion, if Ganoderma fruiting body and spores were to be harvested for human consumption, approximately 50 mg/kg selenite should be added to the growth substrate. On the other hand, if the spent medium was to be used as an organic selenium source, the optimal sodium selenite supplementation level would be 10 mg/kg.

Download Full-text

FRI0499 ACROMEGALY ARTROPATHY: IS THERE SOMETHING MORE BEHIND THE PAIN? A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY TO EVALUATE RHEUMATIC DISEASE IN GROWTH HORMONE SECRETING TUMOR PATIENTS

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.3134 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 848.1-848

Author(s):

M. Scarati ◽

S. Parisi ◽

N. Prencipe ◽

M. C. Ditto ◽

E. Ghigo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Rheumatic Disease ◽

Power Doppler ◽

Connective Tissue Diseases ◽

Joint Damage ◽

Joint Space ◽

Tumor Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Background:Acromegaly is a rare disease with a remarkable impact on patients, both in terms of life expectancy and quality of life. Osteo-articular complications are one of the most frequently reported bothers. The “acromegaly artropathy” characterizes more than 70% of patients at diagnosis. Artropathy affects both spine and peripheral joints. A recent prospective study documented progression of acromegalic arthropathy identified as a worsening of osteophytes and joint space narrowing in 72–74% of patients despite long-term biochemical control. In addiction the Literature has occasionally reported cases of simultaneous presence of rheumatic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, undifferentiated connective tissue diseases) and acromegaly and in all these cases the treatment has been delayed, because of wrong symptoms attribution to acromegaly artropathy.Objectives:The primary goal of the study is to better characterize joint pain in acromegaly patients and to evaluate the prevalence of rheumatic disease in growth hormone (GH) secreting pituitary tumor patients.Methods:We enrolled 20 acromegaly subjects (AS) and 20 control subjects (CS). In each subject immunological pattern (rheumatoid factor – RF; antinuclear antibodies - ANA, ENA; anti-citrullinated protein antibodies - ACPA; erythrocyte sedimentation rate – ESR) has been evaluated; they, also, underwent bilateral joint ultrasound of hands and wrists and nail capillaroscopy. The Chi square test and the Fisher’s exact test were used to evaluate the association between binary variables, while the Spearman’s test to evaluate the correlation of continuous ones. A multiple or logistic regression model was calculated in order to define the association between the capillaroscopic alterations and other detected variables.Results:Articular pain emerged as significantly more frequent in AS (p = 0.0269). No statistically significant differences are detected regarding immunological pattern. ANA and ENA screening resulted positive in 10% in AS and in 5% in CS. No IgA ACPA were detected in AS or CS, while IgG ACPA were positive only in one AS subject. No significant differences were detected between IgM and IgG RFin the two groups (AS 5% and CS 0%). Three fold higher IgG FR in AS compared to CS were detected. ESR levels were significantly higher than CS (p = 0.0405), as well as increased power doppler (PWD) articular uptake (AS 30% vs CS 5% p 0.081). The capillaroscopic evaluation showed a significant difference in almost each parameter that has been evaluated (logistic regression: number of enlargement p 0.004, hemorragies p 0.01 and capillaries p 0.001), showing a moderate-severe microangiopathy in AS. Interestingly, analyzing only the acromegaly cohort, we noticed higher GH levels at the enrollment in patients which developed capillary enlargements (GH: 0.95 ng/ml IQ 0,6-1,6) compared to other ones (GH: 0.55 ng/ml IQ 0.4-0.7; p = 0.08) and a significant lower number of hemorrhages (p = 0.02) in patients treated with GH antagonist pegvisomant.Conclusion:Our results demonstrated that joint damage in acromegaly does not seem to have an autoimmune etiology. Therefore, articular damage is mechanical and increased ESR and PWD alterations seems to confirm the presence of an inflammatory component. In addition, acromegaly is characterized by a microvascular pattern of moderate-severe microangiopathy, without correlation to IGF-I, but GH levels. Although requiring further confirmatory studies, our preliminary results seem to indicate how the capillaroscopic examination could be useful to detect earlier microangiopathy and to identify patients with a greater risk of macroangiopathy development..References:[1]Claessen KMJA et al. Bone and joint disorders in acromegaly. Neuroendocrinology. 2016;103(1):86-95.[2]Örük G et al. Is every joint symptom related to acromegaly? Endocrine. 2013 Apr;43(2):404-11.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Download Full-text