scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Different Accession of Anacardium occidentale L. Seed under Various Substrates

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Aminatou Hamida ◽  
Massai Tchima Jacob ◽  
Oumarou Palou Madi ◽  
Yaboki Elisabeth ◽  
Boursi Jérémie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Savannah Zone ◽  
Sahelian Zone

This study aims to determine which accession of cashew has the best growth rate and germination in the nursery. Trial was conducted in the year 2019 using split-plot design. The first factor is the provenance of seeds, namely the Sudano-Sahelian zone and High Guinean savannah zone, and the second factor is type of organic matter entering the substratum composition cow dung (BV), goat droppings (BC) and poultry droppings (FP). The data were taken on the percentage of seed germination and growth parameters (height, number of leaves, collar diameter and leaf area). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare means between treatments and the means were separated by LSD test (Least Significant Difference). The results obtained indicate that the seed from sudano-sahelian zone has a good percentage of germination and best plant growth than those obtained from Guinean savannah highland Zone. The maximal percentage of germination after 28 days of sowing is 86.11%, 80% and 62.33% respectively in the BV, BC and FP substratum for the seed of sudano-sahelian zone against 84.44% (substratum FP), 82.22% (substratum BC) and 71.11% (substratum BV) for the seed of Guinean highland Savannah Zone. Regarding the growth of plant, for the two seed used, substrate with cow dung has high influence on the number of leaves, plant height and diameter of plant than the substrate that content the two other organic manures. In contrary, the surface area of leaf and the height to diameter ratio has been stimulated by the substratum containing goat droppings for the seed of sudano-sahelian zone. However, for the seed of Guinean highland Savannah, the high surface area was obtained in the substratum containing cow dung. The result showed that utilization of organic manures in the substrate composition may constitute a great potential for improving seed germination and plant growth of Anacardium occidentale. Seed from sudano-sahelian zone and substratum that consists cow dung and goat droppings may be suggested to farmers for better production of Anacardium occidentale saplings in a nursery.

scholarly journals Assessment on the Effects of Potting Media on Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 969-975
Author(s):  
M.K. Peter ◽  
SIN Agera ◽  
J.I. Amonum
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Poultry Droppings

This study investigated the effects of potting media on seed germination and early seedling growth of Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir at the Forestry Nursery in Jos, Nigeria. Using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replicates, laboratory-tested soil samples, top soil, sharp sand, sharp sand + top soil, sharp sand + top soil + cow dung and sharp sand + top soil + poultry droppings were used in various combinations to assess the growth parameters of P. erinaceus (germination percentage, emergence, plant height, number of leaves, length of leaves and stem diameter) for 12 weeks. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze collected data. Result indicated that sharp sand + top soil + poultry droppings had the highest nitrogen concentration (2.19%), sharp sand + top soil + cow dung (2.07%), sharp sand + top soil (1.50%), top soil (0.72%) and Sharp sand (0.38%). Potting media with poultry droppings recorded an overall higher percentage germination of 42.9% by the end of the germination period. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of collected data on combined soil aggregate on growth parameters indicated a significant (p<0.05) difference in plant height, number of leaves, leaf length and stem diameter. Potting with poultry dropping gave the best potting media growth results when compared to other treatments that enhanced seed germination and seedling growth of P. erinaceus. This superior observation of the poultry droppings incorporated potting mixtures over the cow dung provides an outstanding potentials to enhance P. erinaceus plantation establishment. Consequently, recommended for raising seedlings in the nursery as well as ensuring sustainable management.

scholarly journals Performance of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as Influenced by 2,4 – Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and NPK Fertilizer

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
E.K. Eifediyi ◽  
F.O. Ogedegbe ◽  
N.B. Izuogu ◽  
C.A. Adedokun ◽  
A. Katibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Savannah Zone

Abstract The Guinea savannah zone of Nigeria is beset by increasing population and infrastructural development, thereby putting pressure on available land with rapidly declining fertility due to low organic matter content, soil erosion, high temperature and seasonal bush burning. Sesame is cultivated in this zone and the yield has remained very low, compared to yield in other parts of the world. This could be attributed to poor nutrient status and poor cultural practices used by peasant farmers. A field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, in a southern Guinea savannah zone in 2015 and repeated in 2016 cropping season to determine the effects of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a plant growth regulator and NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of sesame. The experiment was laid out as a factorial arrangement, fitted into a randomized complete block design replicated thrice. The factors imposed were 2,4-D (0, 5 and 10 ppm ha−1) and NPK 15:15:15 (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha−1). Data were collected on vegetative traits (plant height, number of leaves, leaf area) and yield components (number of capsules per plant; yield per plant and per hectare). The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the Genstat statistical package 17th edition and significant means were separated by using the least significant difference at 5% level of probability. The result revealed that using plant growth regulator and NPK fertilizer had significant effects (p<0.05) on plant height (151 cm) and yield per hectare (530 kg/ha). The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the seeds further reaffirmed the presence of bioactive compounds, such as saponins, tannins, flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which are important health promoting food in the seeds.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF HYDROPONIC NUTRITION LEVELS ON THE GROWTH OF MUSTARD (BRASSICA SP.) PLANTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
Arie Hapsani Hasan Basri ◽  
Mahmudah Mahmudah
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Difference Test

The main roles of plant growth was nutrition. This research aims to determine the concentration of nutrients that can provide the best growth and yield on various mustard. The research method  used is a factorial Complete Randomized Design (RBD) with three replications and then analyzed using the Least Significant Difference test (LSD) at a level of 5%. The treatment of vegetable types is as follows: S1 = mustard pakchoy, S2 = mustard samhong, S3 = mustard pagoda, S4 = mustard pakchoy mini. Treatment with nutrition is the AB mix fertilizerzs number of leaves solution as follows: N1 = 1000 ppm, N2 = 1200 ppm, N3 = 1400 ppm, N4 = 1600 ppm, N5 = 1800 ppm. The results showed that plant height, number of leaves, leaf width and wet weight of the pagoda and mini pakchoy plants were not significantly different at 1000 ppm, 1200 ppm, 1400 ppm, 1600 ppm and 1800 ppm. Number of leaves of pakchoy significantly different at 1400 ppm. While the number of leaves and leaf width of samhong plants were not significantly different at each treatment, but were significantly different from plant height at 1600 ppm and significantly different from the wet weight at 1400 ppm

scholarly journals Effects of Different Organic Manures on Early Seedling Growth of Massularia acuminata (G. Don) Bullock Ex Hoyle

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
M. O. Majolagbe ◽  
B. F. Awotedu ◽  
J. M. Ajekigbe ◽  
T. A. Banjo ◽  
A. O. Onifade
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Cattle Dung ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Massularia Acuminata

Aims: Selection of suitable soil amendment is a very crucial attempt for improving seedling production and growth of Massularia acuminata as a forest nursery plants on a sustainable basis can be enhanced over a given period of time. Study Design: Comparative effects of different organic manures on the seedlings growth of Massularia acuminate. Place and Duration of Study: Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, between February, 2019 and August 2019. Methodology: Various concentrations of different types of organic manures; poultry manure, cow dung and horse dung were mixed with the topsoil separately to raise the seedlings of Massularia acuminata, comparative seedlings height growth, the stem diameter growth and the number of leaves per seedlings were examined to determine the development of the seedlings. Results: The results revealed that, organic manure application generally enhanced the growth of the seedlings, improved seedlings height, number of leaves and collar diameter. Also, with increasing rate of application of organic manures from 0 g to 50 g per seedlings, all seedlings growth parameters were improved. 10 g and 30 g manure had significant effects on plant growth with seedlings height 15.29 cm and 15.10 cm, number of leaves per seedlings (19.80 and 19.43) and collar diameter (6.58 mm and 6.57 mm) with Q2 and Q3 respectively as compared with the control (5.18 mm). Highest seedling growth was observed in poultry application with seedlings height 14.42 cm, number of leaves (19.63) and collar diameter (6.31 mm). Conclusion: The use of poultry manure and cattle dung at increased concentrations of 10 g and  30 g are recommended to be beneficial for sustainable healthy seedling production.

scholarly journals Evaluation of growth response of Parkia biglobosa (JACQ) under different levels of organic manures

Agro-Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
R.B. Mukhtar ◽  
A. Inuwa ◽  
M. Umar
Keyword(s):  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Parkia Biglobosa ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Different Levels

An investigation was carried out to evaluate early growth of Parkia biglobosa under different levels of organic manures in the nursery in order to promote its sustained utilization and regeneration. Seeds were sown in the germination bed at the nursery of Department of Forestry and Fisheries of KSUST, Aliero which took average of three days to germinate and at two weeks after germination, seedlings were transplanted into polythene bags (16 × 14 × 12 cm) filled with cow dung, poultry manure and farmyard manure at 40, 70 and 100 g kg–1 of top soil and top soil only was used as control. The experiment was laid in a completely randomized design with nine replications. Data collection commenced two weeks after transplanting and was done fortnightly for 12 weeks on stem height, collar diameter and number of leaves. Biomass was assessed at twelve weeks and the data were analysed using analysis of variance and follow up tests were conducted with Duncan Multiple Range Tests. The result revealed significant effect on all the variables (stem height, collar diameter and number of leaves) assessed, where poultry droppings at 40 g kg–1 and cow dung at 100 g kg–1 gave the highest growth and cow dung was recommended.

scholarly journals Studies on the Comparative Effects of Cow Dung, Goat Dung and Poultry Manure in the Restoration of Gully Eroded Soil Using Amaranthus hybridus as Test Plant

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
K. U. Ekwealor ◽  
C. A. Anukwuorji ◽  
T. P. Egboka ◽  
H. N. Eze
Keyword(s):  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Poultry Droppings

Gully erosion presents a serious challenge to the fertility of the agricultural soil. This experiment was conducted at the permanent site of Nnamdi Azikiwe University behind botany laboratory. The efficacy of cow dung, goat dung and poultry manure on the restoration of gully eroded soil was tested. The experiment was laid in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five treatments replicated thrice. Five kilogram of eroded soil was mixed uniformly with 1.5 kg of the different manure treatments. This treatment or amendment include goat dung, poultry mature, cow dung mixed with goat dung and poultry manure weighing 0.5 kg respectively to make up the 1.5 kg required treatment. Also another one was set without treatment to serve as control. Each of these treatments was replicated thrice making a sum total of 15 perforated polythene bags. Stem height, leaf area, number of leaves and stem girth of the test plant (A. hybridus) were checked and measured weekly as the plant germinates and grows. Collection of soil analysis of the samples to determine the amounts of carbon and nitrogen was carried out at the end of the practical. The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test the significance of treatment. It was observed that the highest carbon and nitrogen content were observed from gully eroded soil treated with Cow dung mixed with goat dung and poultry manure (0.205±0.001 and 1.397±0.006) while the least was observed from the control (0.065±0.000 and 0.673±0.001) respectively. There was a significant difference in the effect of the different treatments on all the parameters checked except on the stem girth and number of leaves. The inference of this study suggests that the mixture of cow dung, goat dung and poultry droppings can be used to restore the fertility of gully eroded soil.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF COW DUNGS RATE AND SASAKAWA TECHNOLOGY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS) IN MUBI GUINEA SAVANNAH OF NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-242
Author(s):  
Dahiru Toungos
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
State University ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves

This experiment was carried out during 2019 cropping season to evaluate the effect of cow dung rates and Sasakawa technology on the performance of maize in Mubi, Northern Guinea Savannah at Food and Agricultural Organization Tree/Crop production farm Adamawa State University, Mubi. The trial was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design replicated three times. Data was collected on fifteen characters namely: Number of leaves at 3,6 and 9 weeks after sowing also Plant height at 3,6 and 9 weeks after sowing, Cob length, Number of row per cob, Number of seed per row, Cob diameter, Cob yield, Shelling percentage, Grain weight, Grain yield and 100 Grain weight. Results showed a non-significant difference for all the fifteen (15) traits of maize T1 but T4 have better performance. Also, NL3 and NL6, T3, T4 and T5 outperformed in terms of yield, NL3 showed a highly significant positive correlation with NL6, NL9, PH3 and PH6. Cob yield also has slightly and significantly correlation with NL6, CL and NS/R. The treatments respond to variations in the rates of cow dung application during the trial period. As highly significant and positive correlation was observed for NL3, NL6, NL9, PH3, PH6, and PH9 indicating differences in the treatments applied. The experiment revealed that treatment T1, T4 and T1, T4 for NL3, and NL6 gave highest performance than other treatments, followed by T1 and T4 for NL9 which also did well in that order respectively. Cob yield was observed to performed better in T3, T4 and T5. That translates to a very good grain yields in T3 (27kg/ha-1), T4 (16.20kg/ha-1) and T5 (20kg/ha-1). This might be due to the rates of cow dung applied on these treatments. Hence, it is therefore recommended based on the results of the study to use these range of cow dung in the study area.  Further research is also recommended to be done in this area for adoption by farmers.

scholarly journals Pengolahan dan Uji Kualitas Pupuk Organik Feses Sapi (Bos Taurus) dan Enceng Gondok (Eichhornia Crassipes) terhadap Pertambahan Tanaman

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Mimatun Nasihah ◽  
A Istianah ◽  
Lilik Mujiati
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The People ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
One Way Anova

Usually, the people of Mojopetung Village, Dukun Subdistrict, Gresik Regency in disposing of waste from livestock are left idle in the ground if dried cow feces will be dumped into the rice fields. If in the rainy season the cattle fases will disappear by itself because it is carried by running water and the cow feces seep into will also flow into the river directly. This causes the water to not function properly and cause air and soil pollution. In addition, aquatic biota life is also disturbed not only because of cow feces (Bos taurus) but the existence of Eichhornia crassies which continue to increase people's habit does not use water as they should use as a place of animal baths. These problems can be overcome by processing cow feces with water hyacinth as compost. With the method of applying the fertilizer directly to plant. The method of data analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA (Analysys of Variance) Test to find out whether or not the influence of organic fertilizer on plant growth.  The results showed that the average height of the stem was 32.69 cm in the treatment using compost, 30.84 cm using urea fertilizer, 25.8 cm without fertilizer. The number of leaves that use compost, urea or no fertilizer results in an average value equal to 5 cm, and the leaf color produces a green average for each experiment. ANOVA test on plant growth results in F = 14.608> F table = 3.59. This shows that there are significant differences in plant growth in organic fertilizer applications. the number of leaves and the color of the leaves yielded F = 0 <F arithmetic = 3.59 and F = 0.2 <F arithmetic = 3.59 which showed no significant difference in the number of leaves and plant height.

scholarly journals Growth and Development of Abelmuschus esculentus (Okra) in Gully Eroded Soil Amended with Different Rates of Cow Dung Manure

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Ekwealor U. Kenneth ◽  
Okereke E. Kingsley ◽  
Iroka F. Chisom ◽  
Okereke N. Chukwu ◽  
Francis H. Ibadin
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Mean

The growth and development of Abelmuschus esculentus (okra) in gully eroded soil amended with different rates of cow dung manure was studied using the complete randomized design; morphormetric data such as leaf area, plant height, stem girth, numbers of nodes, number of leaves and percentage flowering was collected and analyzed. A 30 kg of gully eroded soil sample was put into a sac in triplicate and six treatments of cow dung was introduced into it (0.5 kg, 1.0 kg, 1.5 kg, 2.0 kg, 2.5 kg and 3.0 kg) respectively. The results of study showed that there is a significant difference in all the treatments compared to control.  Highest petiole length (31.63±1.84) of Okra plant was obtained at week seven with 2.0 kg amended soil. The 2.5 kg treatment of manure at week 7 had the highest leave length with the mean of 30.36±2.47 while the least leave length occurred in the 2.5 kg treatment at week 1 with the mean value of 0.49±0.03. The 2.0 kg treatment of manure at week 7 had the highest leave length with the mean of 36.96±1.15 while the least leave length occurred in the 2.5 kg treatment at week 1 with the mean value of 0.44±0.03. The 1.0 kg treatment of manure at week 7 had the highest length of internode (23.16±3.55) while the least length of internode occurred in the control at week 2 (0.86±0.23). At week 1 for all treatments, no result was obtained for length of internodes. The 0.5 kg treatment of manure at week 7 had the highest number of leaves with the mean of 21.33±4.93 while the least number of leaves occurred in the 0.5 kg, 2.0 kg and 2.5 kg treatments respectively at week 1 and in the control sample at week 2. The result also revealed that the 1.0 kg treatment of manure at week 7 had the highest stem length (154.73±30.99) while the least stem length occurred in the 2.0 kg at week 1(0.46±0.03). The 3.0 kg treatment of manure at week 7 had the highest stem girth (9.33±0.51) while the least stem girth occurred in the 2.5 kg at week 1(0.31±0.02). The soil analysis result showed that nitrogen was highest in the soil at 2.0 kg treatment of cow dung (402±2.51) while the 1.5 kg treatment and control had the least nitrogen content (322±0.57) and (322±3.05) respectively. The highest phosphorus content was 1.0 kg treatment of cow dung (986±1.53), with the control having the lowest phosphorus content (280±2.00). On the potassium content, the 2.5 kg treatment had the highest (843±0.57) while the control had the least content of potassium (357±1.52). The overall result showed that the growth and development of okra was enhanced by application of cow dung which influenced soil nutrient status positively.

scholarly journals Effects of two rhizobacteria inoculants on maize growth performance at different concentrations of glyphosate

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
P.O. Akintokun ◽  
E. Ezaka ◽  
A.K. Akintokun ◽  
O.A. Oyedele
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Screen House

The use of Rhizobacteria as biofertilizer is on the increase due to the ability of some of the bacteria to solubilize some insoluble essential nutrients in the soil and produce phytohormones necessary for plant growth. The effectiveness of two plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in plant growth promotion at different concentrations of glyphosate were evaluated. Some agronomic parameters such as plant height, size of girth, number of leaves on the screen house and field were measured and recorded. The results of the effects of P. aeruginosa on the height of maize at different concentrations showed that the plants inoculated with the isolates and planted on the soil without glyphosate (control) recorded the highest height on the 2nd (34.9 cm), 4th (52.45 cm), 6th (61.17 cm) and 8th (66.25 cm) weeks after planting, when compared to those planted on the soil spiked with different concentrations of glyphosate. The effects of the isolates on the size of girth of maize on the soil spiked with different concentrations of glyphosate showed the highest girth size on the soil inoculated with P. aeruginosa eight weeks after planting (8 WAP) with a girth size of 2.0cm and least at 14.4 mg/ml of glyphosate with a girth size of 1.2 cm at 8 weeks after planting. Similar trend was observed on the soil inoculated with B. cereus (without glyphosate) with the highest girth in the 2nd and 4th WAP (1.02 and 1.42 cm, respectively). The results of our field studies showed no significant difference (P≤0.05) in the height and number of leaves of the maize at different treatments and time (weeks after planting). Similar trend was observed i n the yield of maize. This study has shown that these isolates can be useful as biofertilizers especially in the absence or at low concentration of glyphosate. Keywords: Rhizobacteria, maize, Inoculants, Plant-growth-promotion.

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