scholarly journals Efficacy of Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Thevetia peruviana (pers.) K. Schum on Growth of Phytophthora colocasiae Racib, Causal Agent of Taro Late Blight in Cameroon

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Charles Essome Sale ◽  
Jules Patrice Ngoh Dooh ◽  
Alain Heu ◽  
William Kuate Tueguem ◽  
Dorothée Mvondo Nganti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Littoral Region ◽  
Phytophthora Colocasiae ◽  
Thevetia Peruviana ◽  
Centre Region

This study aims to evaluate the antifungal activities of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Thevetia peruviana seeds on the in vitro growth of Phytophthora colocasiae. A randomized sample block design containing four treatments (T-: absolute control, AE, ME and Callomil Plus at the dose of 12.5 μL/ml) with three repetitions was used. Plant extracts were used at three concentrations: C1: 12.5 µl/ml; C2: 25 µl/ml and C3: 50 µl/ml. The study took place in the University of Yaoundé 1, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Phytopathology and Crop Protection, and in the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IARD) of Yaoundé, Laboratory of Phytopathology, during the year 2019-2020. Aqueous and methanolic extracts of T. peruviana were prepared and used at the concentrations of 12.5, 25 and 50 μL/ml. P. colocasiae was isolated from infected taro leaf cultivars "Macumba/Ibo coco" located in three different regions in Cameroon: West, Littoral and Centre. The different leaf explants of taro were put in V8 agar medium and maintained in pure culture. Mycelial fragments of P. colocasiae of about 0.8 cm in diameter were cut and placed in sterile Petri dishes containing Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium supplemented with different concentrations of plant extracts and incubated at 23±1°C for seven days for the evaluation of the radial growth. Methanolic and aqueous extracts have completely inhibited the growth of West and Littoral strains at 25 μL/mL while total inhibition of the pathogen was not obtained with strain of Centre region. The lowest inhibition was obtained with the strain of Centre region (85.1%) for aqueous extract and (70.95%) for methanolic extract compare to 100% for West and Littoral region at highest concentration. The aqueous extract at the concentration of 25 μL/ml totally inhibited the in vitro radial growth of some strains of P. colocasiae. This extract, active against P. colocasiae could be used as alternative to fungicides for the control of taro leaf blight. In other hand, the strain of Littoral region was most sensible to extracts than the others. This strain could be used to provide a genetic resource for future trials in natural conditions in greenhouse and in the field.

scholarly journals Mutagenicity evaluation of Anastatica hierochuntica L. aqueous extract in vitro and in vivo

2017 ◽  
Vol 243 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Rosmani Md Zin ◽  
Zahurin Mohamed ◽  
Mohammed A Alshawsh ◽  
Won F Wong ◽  
Normadiah M Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Mutagenic Potential ◽  
Vitro Assay

Anastatica hierochuntica L. ( A. hierochuntica), a folk medicinal plant, was evaluated for mutagenic potential via in vitro and in vivo assays. The in vitro assay was conducted according to modified Ames test, while the in vivo study was performed according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guideline for mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus assay. Four groups ( n= 5 males and 5 females per group) Sprague Dawley rats were randomly chosen as the negative control, positive control (received a single intramuscular injection of cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg), 1000 and, 2000 mg/kg A. hierochuntica aqueous extracts. All groups except the positive control were treated orally for three days. Findings of the in vitro assay showed mutagenic potential of AHAE at 0.04 and 0.2 mg/ml. However, no mutagenic effect was demonstrated in the in vivo study up to 2000 mg/kg. No significant reduction in the polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes ratio was noted in any of the groups. Meanwhile, high micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes frequency was seen in cyclophosphamide-treated group only. These findings could perhaps be due to insufficient dosage of A. hierochuntica aqueous extracts to cause genetic damage on the bone marrow target cells. Further acute and chronic in vivo toxicity studies may be required to draw pertinent conclusion on the safety aspect of A. hierochuntica aqueous extracts consumption. Impact statement In this paper, we report on the mutagenicity evaluation of Anastatica hierochuntica aqueous extract. This is a significant research in view of the popularity of this herb consumption by the people across the globe despite of limited scientific evidence on its toxicity potential. This study is intended to encourage more extensive related research in order to provide sufficient evidence and guidance for determining its safe dosage.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antioxidant capacities of Allium cepa, Allium sativum, and Monodora myristica using in vitro and in vivo models

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Chioma E. Irozuru Irozuru ◽  
Janet O. Olugbodi ◽  
Uche Okuu Arunsi ◽  
Olusola Ladeji
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Monodora Myristica

Background: Allium cepa, Allium sativum, and Monodora myristica are commonly sourced food condiments in every household in Nigeria. In the present study, we investigated the phytochemical compositions, in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of these plants. Methods: The aqueous extracts from the A. cepa, A. sativum, and M. myristica were evaluated for phytochemical composition using standard protocols while the antioxidant activities were evaluated using the reducing power assay. Forty-five (45) Male Wistar rats (weighing 185±10 g) were divided into five groups (n=9) and were orally administered with 100 mg/kg BW each of A. sativum, M. myristica, A. cepa, and ascorbic acid while the control group received 0.5 mL/kg BW distilled water alone. Animals (n=3) from each group were sacrificed after the 20th, 25th, and 30th days of oral administration. The blood and tissue samples were collected for the analysis of biochemical parameters. Result: Our results revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and terpenes in the plant extracts. A. sativum had the highest reducing power capacity followed by M. myristica and then A. cepa. The in vitro antioxidants activities demonstrated by the plant extracts were higher than that of ascorbic acid but less than butylated hydroxytoluene. In vivo antioxidant studies showed a marked increase (p<0.05) in the level of catalase with a concurrent decrease (p<0.05) in the levels of MDA and H2O2 in the liver and kidney of rats administered with aqueous extracts of the condiments compared to the normal control and ascorbic acid in the following order control < ascorbic acid < A. cepa < M. myristica < A. sativum. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we infer that the aqueous extracts of A. cepa, A. sativum, and M. myristica are rich in antioxidants and as a result could serve as promising novel functional foods and nutraceuticals

THEVETIA PERUVIANA ROOTS EXTRACT MEDICATED GOLD NANOPARTICLES AND ITS UREASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
SAUD BAWAZEER
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Thevetia Peruviana ◽  
Urease Enzyme ◽  
Urease Inhibitory ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

Objective: The main objective of the current research work was synthesized of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of Thevetia peruviana aqueous extract,characterization, and screening for urease enzyme inhibitory activity.Methods: AuNPs were synthesized by mixing 1 mM gold salt solution with T. peruviana aqueous extract without any reducing agents. The preparedAuNPs were characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Thesynthesized AuNPs were assessed for in vitro urease enzyme inhibitory activity at 0.2 μg in comparison with the aqueous extract.Results: In this finding, we synthesized the AuNPs of T. peruviana aqueous extract for the 1st time. The AuNPs exhibited significant stability atroom temperature. The AuNPs showed significant urease inhibitory activity with IC50 67.56±1.67 at 0.2 μg as compared to aqueous extract whichexhibited good activity with IC50 39.21±1.32 μ at 0.2 mg, against standard thiourea (IC50=21.00±1.16). The formation of AuNPs correlates due to activephytochemical present in extract which is responsible for synthesizing NPs.Conclusion: T. peruviana extract and prepared AuNPs are an outstanding urease enzyme inhibitor and are capable of making fine NPs. Application:The synthesized AuNPs of T. peruviana aqueous extract which significant urease inhibitory activity may allow us to discover NPs for potentiallyeffective and safe nanoherbal therapy.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity and Datura Innoxia Extracts

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-185
Author(s):  
Adam IY Shama ◽  
YM Abd-Kreem ◽  
AA Fadowa ◽  
RM Samar ◽  
MK Sabahelkhier
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Datura Innoxia ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Leaves And Roots

The aim of this study was evaluated the Antimicrobial Activity of extraction of Datura innoxia (Seeds, leaves and roots). Datura innoxia Seeds, leaves and roots were collected to examine their antimicrobial activity. Extracts of different parts of the plant were tested against standard microorganisms by using the agar- well diffusion method. Extracts of methanol, and aqueous of seeds, leaves and roots were prepared and tested against four types of bacteria namely: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris and two types of fungi namely: Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The methanolic and aqueous extracts of leaves showed high activities against fungi (A. niger) and less effect on the all bacteria. The methanolic extracts of seeds showed high activities against all organisms except fungi (C. albicanas), while the aqueous extracts of seeds showed no activity on the bacteria. All organisms were examined against known standard antibiotics and then compare the results of plant extracts with standard antibiotics. The results indicated that the antibacterial drug is less active than the plant extracts, while the antifungal drugs are more active than the plant extracts. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i3.11077 International Journal of Environment Vol.3(3) 2014: 173-185

scholarly journals In vitro evaluation of fungicides and some plant extracts against rice sheath rot pathogen Sarocladium oryzae

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamim Shamsi ◽  
Pranami Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus ◽  
Test Fungus ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Sheath Rot

Sarocladium oryzae (Sawada) W. Gams & D. Hawksworth, the causal agent of sheath rot of rice was isolated from sheath rot infected rice sheaths and grains. Among ten tested fungicides Tall 25 EC completely inhibited radial growth of the fungus even at the lowest concentration 100 ppm. Similarly ethanol leaf extract of ten plants, namely Allium sativum, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Asparagus racemosus, Azadirachta indica, Citrus medica, Datura metel, Mangifera indica, Nerium indicum, Senna alata and Tagetes erecta at 5, 10 and 20% concentrations were screened for their fungicidal activity against the test fungus. All the plant extracts completely inhibited the radial growth of the test fungus at 20% concentration except Asparagus racemosus and C. medica. Ethanol extract of Tagetes erecta and Mangifera indica also completely inhibited the radial growth of the test fungus at 10% concentration.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 29(1): 47-54, June-2016

scholarly journals In VitroEffect of Aqueous Extract and Fraction IV Portion ofXimenia americanaStem Bark onTrypanosoma congolenseDNA

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Ambrose Maikai ◽  
Beatty Viv Maikai ◽  
Patricia Ishyaku Kobo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Trypanosoma Congolense ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
And Control

Trypanosomosis is a debilitating disease affecting mainly livestock and humans in tropical Africa. Chemically synthesized drugs and medicinal plants have been used in the treatment and control of this disease. In this study, thein vitroeffect of aqueous extracts and fraction IV extract ofXimenia americanastem bark onTrypanosoma congolenseDNA was investigated. The extracts were incubated with the parasitesin vitroat 300 mg/mL aqueous extract and 25 mg/mL fraction IV portion for 30, 60, and 120 mins. The DNA of the trypanosomes was isolated and digested using ECOR1 enzyme and subsequently PCR was carried out. Results showed that aqueous extract and fraction IV portion immobilized 55% and 90% of the trypanosomes after 30-minute incubation. Subsequent isolation of the parasite DNA and agarose gel electrophoresis did not reveal that cell death was as a result of DNA fragmentation. This suggests that cell death was by another mechanism of action.

In vitro antifilarial activity of extracts of the medicinal plant Cardiospermum halicacabum against Brugia pahangi

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Khunkitti ◽  
Y. Fujimaki ◽  
Y. Aoki
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Brugia Pahangi ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Antifilarial Activity

AbstractThe in vitro effects of ethanol and aqueous extracts of the medicinal plant Cardiospermum halicacabum on adult worms and microfilariae of Brugia pahangi were investigated. With or without the plant extracts in culture medium, the motility of adult worms, microfilariae and microfilarial release from female worms were monitored daily. After 7 days of culture, viability or tissue damage of adult worms was assessed using the MTT assay. At > 500 μg ml-1, the aqueous extract significantly reduced motility of adult females after 24 h of exposure and adult males after 3 days. The aqueous extract, at > 500 μg ml-1, also significantly reduced microfilarial release from female worms, starting on day 2. The reduction in the motility of adult worms and the pattern of microfilarial release from female worms were concentration and time dependent. The MTT assay results revealed that adult worms cultured in the presence of aqueous extracts at > 500 μg ml-1 were damaged. However, the aqueous extract did not affect the motility of microfilariae with the exception of those in higher concentration extracts. Higher concentrations of ethanol extracts (2 mg ml-1) inhibited both the motility of adult worms and the release of microfilariae from females. Little effect of ethanol extracts was detected by the MTT assay, as only slight damage was caused to worms exposed only to the highest concentration (2 mg ml-1). However, ethanol extract at 500 μg ml-1 rapidly reduced the motility of microfilariae on day 2. The present study revealed that an aqueous extract of C. halicacabum has mild but definite direct macrofilaricidal action on B. pahangi.

Effect of Arak, gall of Quercus infectoriaand Syzgiumaromaticum extracts on the growth and viability ofEntamoeba gingivalis in vitro.

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajida S. Hussein Al-Zako ◽  
Ban N. Mohammadali Al-Neamy
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Salvadora Persica ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Oak Tree

After the succession of E.gingivalis cultivation on the DMEMmedium. This study was performedin order to identify the effect ofincreasing concentrations from aqueous and alcoholic extracts of a threeplants,known with their usage for medical treatment to dental and oraldiseases,those are Arak sticks (Salvadora persica), gall of oak tree (Quercusinfectoria) and flowering bud of clove (Syzgium aromaticum)on the viabilityof E. gingivalis.Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Arak sticks showed a clear effectwith the superiority of the aqueous extract in its impact inhibitory effect onE.gingivalis.The results alsoshowed the existence of a negative and inhibitory impact increasingly on the growth ofE. gingivalis with the increasingconcentrations used of aqueous and alcoholic extracts fromgall of oak andflowering buds of clove, with simple superiority of aqueous extracts onalcoholic one for galls of oak trees and alcoholic extract of the of floweringbuds on aqueous one of buds clove.A clear increasing LT50 and LT90 where gained when using aqueousand alcoholic extracts of three plants with an Arak superiority in theelimination of the parasite, specially the aqueous one with the lower time.

Antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) leaves extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
Mohammed Cheurfa ◽  
Mohamed Achouche ◽  
Ahmed Azouzi ◽  
Mariod A. Abdalbasit
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Dpph Test ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Punica Granatum L

Introduction. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) leaves in vitro, as well as to determine the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, and flavonols. Study objects and methods. The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH test using the free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyle and the FRAP method, as well as by measuring total antioxidant capacity and the hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. Results and discussion. The content of total polyphenols varied between 4.43 ± 0.3 and 12.66 ± 1.6 mg EAG/g. The highest content of flavonoids was observed in the hydroalcoholic extract of P. granatum leaves (P < 0.05). The flavonol contents in the hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts were 7.68 ± 0.6 and 9.20 ± 2.8 mg EQ/g, respectively. The IC50 of the antioxidant potential of the hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts was 32.4 ± 1.109 and 35.12 ± 4.107 mg/mL, respectively. According to the DPPH test, the aqueous extract was the least active (IC50 = 14.15 ± 1.513 mg/mL). The highest percentage of hydrogen peroxide trapping was found in the aqueous extract (45.97 ± 6.608 %). The inhibition of α-amylase showed an IC50 of between 9.804 ± 0.67 and 19.011 ± 9.82 mg/mL in the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts, respectively. The inhibition of glucose uptake by yeast recorded a high inhibitory capacity at 50 mg/mL of glucose. Conclusion. We found that the antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity of P. granatum leaves extracts was due to the presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, which is why they are effective in preventing diabetes and its complications.

Control of Green Rot Fungus of Arachis hypogaea L. in Orage Using Plant Extracts

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Etim Johnson Umana ◽  
Patrick Ishoro Akwaji ◽  
Emmanuel Michael Ekpenyong ◽  
Penninah Ime Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Effective Inhibition ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
The Media

The antifungal activity of the ethanolic and aqueous fruit extracts of Zingiberofficinale, Tetrapleuratetraptera, Garcinia kola and Cola nitida on the green rot fungus (Penicillium sp.) isolated from infected groundnut (Arachishypogaea) seeds in storage were investigated in vitro. Various concentrations of the aqueous and ethanolic fruit extract ranging from 5g/100ml, 10g/100ml, and 15g/100ml were separately added to Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. The fungus was inoculated into the media and incubated for seven days. Results of the in vitro studies showed that the ethanolic extracts had a significant inhibitory effect (p<0.05) on the radial growth of Penicillium sp. at all levels of concentration tested. Complete inhibition of the fungus was at 15g/100ml of ethanolic extracts of Garcinia kola and Tetrapleuratetraptera. The aqueous extracts showed less inhibitory effect as compared to the ethanolic extracts. The effective inhibition of ethanolic extracts as compared to the aqueous extracts may be attributed to the efficiency of the extraction solvent on the phytochemical content of the plant extracts. The application of botanical extracts for disease management could be less expensive, easily available, non-polluting and eco-friendly. The ethanolic fruit extracts of Garcinia kola and Tetrapleuratetraptera at the higher concentrations can be produced in large quantities and used as spray in controlling the green rot fungus of Arachishypogaea in storage.

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