scholarly journals Proximate Composition, Essential Heavy Metal Concentrations and Nutrient Density of the Mycelium and Fruiting Bodies of Organically Cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Samuel C. Onuoha ◽  
Prince N. Okoroh ◽  
Ruth A. Tom-Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Essential Heavy Metal

Proximate composition, essential heavy metal concentration of fruiting bodies (POFB) and mycelium (POMY) of Pleurotus ostreatus were conducted using standard methods. Moisture content was higher (9.79%) in POFB than in POMY (8.76%) on dry weight basis. Ash was higher in POFB(6.25%) than in POMY(3.25%).POFB presented higher crude protein value (24.66%) than POMY (21.17%). Crude fat values were low in both samples(POFB:0.28%; POMY:0.46) respectively. Fiber was higher in the mycelium (14.72%) than in the fruiting bodies (12.90%). The carbohydrate content of the mycelium was 51.93% while the value of carbohydrate in the fruiting bodies was 46.10%. POFB indicated energy value of 285.60Kcal/100g and the value in POMY was 296.57Kcal/100g. Iron, copper, manganese and chromium presented higher values in POFB than in POMY but zinc indicated higher level in POMY than in POFB.  The %DV highlighted in the study showed that the fruiting bodies and mycelium of organically cultivated P. ostreatus are rich in protein, fiber, carbohydrate, copper and iron. The nutrient density (ND) results revealed that POFB and POMY samples are nutritionally dense in fiber, copper and iron based on the World Health Food Rating System.  The results showed that POFB and POMY obtained by organic cultivation possess high nutritional profile, suggesting that people may use them in food and medicinal formulations.

Organic Farming System for Producing Healthy Rice Oleh

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 20213-20217
Author(s):  
Dr. Ir. Ni.Gst.Ag.Gde Eka Martiningsih ◽  
Dr.Ir. I Putu Sujana, MS
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Organic Rice ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
A Value ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Organic Farming System

Introduction of organic rice-based rice cultivation technology package through demplot is done in Subak Sungi 1 using ciherang variety. The number of farmers participating in demonstration plots in organic cultivation of paddy-based rice cultivation were 5 people, with age of farmers aged greater than 55 years occupying the highest percentage (45.45%), with elementary education level (72.75%), followed by high school education (18.25%), and junior high (9%). The average farmland area is 34.63 acres, with self-owned status (55,94%), status as penyakap 41,18% and rent status 2,88%. The farmers' response to the organic rice-based rice planting assessment is quite high, as evidenced by the evaluation that 100% of farmers participating in demonstration plots know and understand about organic rice system cultivation, and they agree to develop this cultivation system in the future. Demplot research results can increase the yield components and weight of dry grain harvest per hectare. Organic rice-based rice cultivation technology EVAGRO able to increase production of dry grain harvest significantly with a value of 6.8 tons / ha. There is a tendency of dry weight value of ciherang varieties of 6.8 tons / ha giving highest but not significantly different with PGPR organic based technology.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Treated Greywater Reuse in Irrigation on Growth and Protein Content of Prosopis and Albizia

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Naji K. Al-Mefleh ◽  
Yahia A. Othman ◽  
Maher J. Tadros ◽  
Amani Al-Assaf ◽  
Samer Talozi
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Albizia Lebbeck ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Significant Difference

This study investigated the influence of treated greywater on growth and protein content of multipurpose (forage and ornamental) transplants, Prosopis juliflora L., Prosopis tamarugo L., and Albizia lebbeck L. Transplants of tested species were irrigated with treated greywater, diluted greywater (grey + distilled water, 1:1/by volume), and distilled water (control) for seven months. Water quality analysis showed that the concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals found in the greywater were within the acceptable range compared with Jordan Institution for Standard and Metrology (JISM) and the World Health Organization (WHO) thresholds for safe use of greywater. Escherichia coli found in the greywater were lower compared to JISM and WHO guidelines for the safe use of greywater. Irrigation with treated greywater increased shoot fresh weight by 24–39% and dry weight by 34–40% compared to diluted greywater and control. No significant difference in crude protein was noticed between water treatments. Prosopis species (P. juliflora Albizia lebbeck L. and P. tamarugo Albizia lebbeck L.) had higher shoot fresh (35%) and dry weight the same species had lower crude protein (44%) when compared to Albizia lebbeck Albizia lebbeck L. The reuse of treated greywater for landscaping or forage production alleviates the demand for water resources and reduces the pressure on wastewater treatment plants. However, considering the controversial findings of previous studies on greywater quality (especially, long-term reuse), the reuse of treated greywater needs to be considered with caution and periodic quality analyses and economic assessments are required.

Assessing Soil and Plant Pollution by Abandoned Rural Waste Dumping Sites in Ningbo, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 138-139 ◽  
pp. 1149-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Dong Guan ◽  
Ye Hong Du ◽  
Zhen Dong Li ◽  
An Cheng Luo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Contamination Assessment ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Plant Pollution

This paper reports the concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in the soils and rices surrounding the abandoned rural waste dumping sites in Ningbo. Igeo (geoaccumulation index) was calculated to assess the contamination degree of heavy metals in soils. The mean contents of Cr, Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb of soils were 33.3, 24.1, 1.5, 118.9 and 45.6 mg/(kg DW) (dry weight), respectively. All of them were much higher than that of the reference value (i.e. CK), but there were no coherent trend of the metal contents within 1-120m distance from the dumping site. Igeo of heavy metals reveals the order of Cd>Cu>Cr>Pb>Zn, and the contamination assessment of soils using Igeo indicate the moderate Cd pollution, while the soils were unpolluted-moderately overall by Cr, Cu, Zn as well as Pb. The heavy metal contents in root, stem & leaf and rice grains were all remarkable higher than that of the CK at 20-120 m distances, and the heavy metal contents in root were evidently much higher than other plant parts, while those in rice grain were lowest, indicating the great bioaccumulation trend of heavy metals. Although the metal contents in the rice grain were within the legislation limit, its bioaccumulation trend of heavy metals was remarkable, whose contents were 4.38-fold for Cr, 1.76-fold for Cu, 1.28-fold for Zn, 2.67-fold for Cd and 3.03-fold for Pb higher than that of reference value, respectively. Finally, we proposed a decentralized in-situ restoration approach for the dumping sites.

Growth and yield impact of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq P. Kumm) cultivated on different agricultural wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 2225-2233
Author(s):  
M. O. Agba ◽  
◽  
A. A. Markson ◽  
J. O. Oni ◽  
G. A. Bassey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Essential Food

Pleurotus ostreatus, an edible mushroom is an essential food product. Recognised as one of the cheapest sources of proteins, their high nutritional and anti-nutritional properties are of immense importance to humans. The present study evaluated the effect of sawdust and dried plantain leaves on the growth and yield of Pleurotus ostreatus. Sawdust and dried plantain leaves were composted into seven substrates; as single substrates and at different combinations. The composted substrates include sawdust 100 % (M0), Dry plantain leaves 100% (M1), Dry plantain leaves + sawdust at the ratio of 1:4 (M2), 2:3 (M3), 3:2 (M4), 1:1 (M5) and 4:1(M6). Growth parameters of interest assessed flush include mycelia running rate (MRR), area of pileus, length of the stipe, the girth of the stipe, fresh weight and dry weight, number of fruit body, total yield and biological efficiency. At the end of the three weeks spawn running period, M0 was overall best in supporting mycelia running rate with a mean MRR of 16.00 cm. M1 substrates produced mushroom with longer and bigger stipes (7.17 cm) at the first flush. A higher number of fruit bodies (82.66), total yield (130.35 g), and biological efficiency (43.45 g) were all seen in M0 substrates. Sawdust at 100 % (M0) proved to be the best substrate for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus.

scholarly journals Temporal and spatial variation on heavy metal concentrations in the oyster Ostrea equestris on the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G Ferreira ◽  
A. L. S. Machado ◽  
I. R. Zalmon
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Janeiro State ◽  
Ostrea Equestris

Heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) concentrations were determined by ICP-AES in Ostrea equestris from three beaches (Barra do Furado, Buena, and Ponta do Retiro) on the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro State. The average concentration was 0.8 ± 0.18, 0.4 ± 0.21, 58 ± 25.6, 249 ± 52.3, 11 ± 1.31, 0.55 ± 0.16, 0.13 ± 0.11, and 1131 ± 321 µg.g-1 dry weight for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn respectively. Significant spatial variation (p < 0.05) between the samples areas occurred for Cr, Pb, and Zn with higher values in Barra do Furado; and for Cu in Ponta do Retiro. Significant temporal variations (p < 0.05) were observed for all metals except Cu. Temporal variability may be related to changes in the inputs of metals associated with suspended particles. Concentrations were similar to those found in areas under low pollution impact, except for Zn, the high concentrations of which probably reflect the physiological characteristics of these organisms.

scholarly journals Temporal and spatial variation on heavy metal concentrations in the bivalve Perna perna (LINNAEUS, 1758) on the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Gomes Ferreira ◽  
André Luís dos Santos Machado ◽  
Ilana Rosental Zalmon
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Perna Perna ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Janeiro State

Heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) concentrations were studied in Perna perna from three beaches (Barra do Furado, Buena and Ponta do Retiro) on the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro State by ICP-AES. The average concentration was 0.3 ± 0.04 (Cd); 1.9 ± 0.6 (Cr); 6.1 ± 0.7 (Cu); 1,130 ± 113 (Fe); 22 ± 3.2 (Mn); 9.3 ± 4.6 (Ni); 0.4 ± 0.2 (Pb); 44 ± 5.8 (Zn) µg.g-1 dry weight. There were no significant difference for almost all the studied metals in relation to sex. Although, significant spatial variations (p < 0.05) occurred for Cr, Pb and Ni with higher values for Barra do Furado. Temporal variations were significant (p < 0.05) at the three beaches, however, no trends of accumulation were observed. The metal concentrations were similar to areas under low pollution impact, except for Fe, which was probably due to the local substrates enriched in iron oxides.

scholarly journals Heavy metal and proximate composition associated with the composting of cassava (Manihot esculenta) peels used in the cultivation of mushrooms in Ghana

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 2208-2214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Obodai ◽  
Hayford Ofori ◽  
Matilda Dzomeku ◽  
Richard Takli ◽  
Gregory Komlega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Manihot Esculenta

Heavy Metal Removal by the Waste Biomass of Penicillium chrysogenum

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Skowroński ◽  
Jacek Pirszel ◽  
Barbara Pawlik Skowrońska
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Penicillium Chrysogenum ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Metal Sorption ◽  
Maximum Sorption Capacity

Abstract Metal sorption capacity of the granulated biosorbent derived from the waste biomass of Penicillium chrysogenum was examined. The potential metal sorption abilities of the biosorbent were estimated as the cation-exchange capacity, using a potentiometric titration. The total binding capacity, calculated for the pH range 3 to 8 was about 511 µeq/g dry weight. The granular biosorbent was capable of Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb binding. The kinetics of the heavy metal sorption were typical of the microbial dead biomass; metals were bound in the first few minutes. Sorption was a saturable process and the maximum sorption capacity, calculated from the Langmuir equation for the particular heavy metals was: 96 mg Pb; 21.5 mg Cd; 13 mg Zn and 11.7 mg Cu (per g dry weight). Optimum pH values for Cd, Zn and Cu sorption were about 7, while for Pb about 6. Heavy metal removal from different solutions was examined using the biosorption columns packed with P. chrysogenum, which efficiently removed Cd from 1 mM Cd solution, or Cd and Zn from the industrial wastewater. The studied biosorbent was capable of accumulating Cd and Zn even at the high Ca concentration.

scholarly journals Budidaya Organik Kunyit pada Kluster Biofarmaka Kabupaten Karanganyar

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Samanhudi Samanhudi ◽  
Ahmad Yunus ◽  
Bambang Pujiasmanto
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Cultivation Techniques

Potential development of medicinal plants in Karanganyar is very large, because this area is famous as a center of medicinal plants such as ginger, turmeric, kencur, and temulawak. In the development of medicinal plants, the approach of organic cultivation is one of the alternatives that can be done to achieve the business. Therefore the application of technology to society about organic farming on Biopharmaca Cluster of Karanganyar was conducted with the aim to apply organic cultivation techniques that have resulted from previous studies, so it can be applied by the community to increase income and welfare. This application of technology to society activity is held in Sambirejo, Jumantono, Karanganyar. The research was conducted from March to October 2016. The results showed that the application of chicken manure affects the number of leaves, number of tillers, and the fresh weight of turmeric rhizome. The addition of manure (chicken, goat, cow) can increase all variables of planting growth which include plant height, number of leaf, number of tillers, fresh weight of plant, dry weight of plant, and fresh weight of rhizomes. Giving three types of manure (chicken, goat, cow) with mycorrhizal dose treatment there is no intraction to some growth observation variables. Mycorrhizal treatment with a dose of 10 g/plant can increase the number of tillers in turmeric. Overall the application of mycorrhizal at various doses (5, 10, and 15 g/plant) can increase plant height, leaf number, number of tillers, and fresh weight of turmeric rhizome.

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