scholarly journals An Assessment of Treated Greywater Reuse in Irrigation on Growth and Protein Content of Prosopis and Albizia

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Naji K. Al-Mefleh ◽  
Yahia A. Othman ◽  
Maher J. Tadros ◽  
Amani Al-Assaf ◽  
Samer Talozi
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Albizia Lebbeck ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Significant Difference

This study investigated the influence of treated greywater on growth and protein content of multipurpose (forage and ornamental) transplants, Prosopis juliflora L., Prosopis tamarugo L., and Albizia lebbeck L. Transplants of tested species were irrigated with treated greywater, diluted greywater (grey + distilled water, 1:1/by volume), and distilled water (control) for seven months. Water quality analysis showed that the concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals found in the greywater were within the acceptable range compared with Jordan Institution for Standard and Metrology (JISM) and the World Health Organization (WHO) thresholds for safe use of greywater. Escherichia coli found in the greywater were lower compared to JISM and WHO guidelines for the safe use of greywater. Irrigation with treated greywater increased shoot fresh weight by 24–39% and dry weight by 34–40% compared to diluted greywater and control. No significant difference in crude protein was noticed between water treatments. Prosopis species (P. juliflora Albizia lebbeck L. and P. tamarugo Albizia lebbeck L.) had higher shoot fresh (35%) and dry weight the same species had lower crude protein (44%) when compared to Albizia lebbeck Albizia lebbeck L. The reuse of treated greywater for landscaping or forage production alleviates the demand for water resources and reduces the pressure on wastewater treatment plants. However, considering the controversial findings of previous studies on greywater quality (especially, long-term reuse), the reuse of treated greywater needs to be considered with caution and periodic quality analyses and economic assessments are required.

scholarly journals FORAGE PRODUCTION OF SOME LESSER-KNOWN LEUCAENA SPECIES GROWN ON ACID SOIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Nurhayati D. Purwantari
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soil ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Edible Part ◽  
P Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leucaena Species

Leucaena leucocephala leaves are nutritious and palatable for ruminants. However, the plant is poorly adapted on acid soil, water logged, and susceptible to psyllid (Heteropsylla cubana). Leucaena favours soils with pH >5. It performs best on calcareous soils. This study aimed to evaluate adaptability of several Leucaena species on acid soils. The study was conducted at the experimental field in Ciawi, Bogor, altitude 500 m above sea level, rainfall 1500-2000 mm year-1, on Latosol soil with pH 5.2. Leucaena species evaluated were L. leucocephala K28, L. leucocephala (local type), Leucaena KX2 hybrid, L. collinsii, L. trichandra, and L. diversifolia. Experiment was designed in a randomized complete block, four replications. All the seedlings were grown in the nursery for 2.5 months before being transplanted to the field. The plants were grown in row plots of 5 m x 1 m with planting distance 0.5 m and spacing between row plot was 3 m. One unit replicate was 5 m x 21 m. In wet season, the plants were pruned at 50 cm height every 3 months, whilst in dry season pruning was done every 5 months. Parameter measured were plant regrowth and forage production (edible part and non-edible part of the plant), as well as N and P content of the edible part. The result showed that Leucaena KX2 hybrid was superior to other leucaenas. Regrowth of KX2 hybrid was the fastest and produced highest forage. The highest fresh weight forage production for 1 year (four times harvests), i.e. 33.93 t ha-1 year-1 equal to 12.48 t ha- 1 year-1 of dry weight, was obtained from Leucaena KX2 hybrid, whereas the lowest was produced by L. diversifolia, i.e. 3.12 t ha-1 year-1 of fresh weight or 1.01 t ha-1 year-1 of dry weight. Production of non-edible part followed the pattern of production of edible part. N and P content in the edible part of all Leucaena species did not show any significant difference except for L. trichandra which contained the lowest. This study implies that Leucaena KX2 hybrid is adaptable to acid soil; therefore it can be grown in wider areas throughout Indonesia.

The ensilage of sorghum at a range of crop maturities

1962 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
VR Catchpoole
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Booting Stage ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Produce Acid

This study, using miniature silos, bas shown that sorghum cut at the booting stage can produce acid silage. Such early harvesting produced silage with a crude protein content of 10 per cent of its dry weight, did not significantly reduce the yield per acre of silage protein, but reduced the yield of silage by some 40 per cent. Sorghum cut before the booting stage failed to produce satisfactory acid silage. Thic could not he explained by low initial sugar contents. Also, a comparison of the fermentation behaviour over the range of crop maturities in miniature silos and water slurries suggests that physical conditions, such as moisture contents and the release of cell constituents, had little influence on the development of acidity.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and Crude Proteins in Beetroot (Beta vulgaris var. conditiva) under Different Fertilization Treatments

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko PETEK ◽  
Mirjana HERAK CUSTIC ◽  
Nina TOTH ◽  
Sanja SLUNJSKI ◽  
Lepomir COGA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Stable Manure ◽  
Set Up

The research aim was to determine the influence of different organic and mineral fertilization treatments and post-harvest treatments on the content of nitrogen and crude proteins in the edible part of beetroot (Beta vulgaris var. conditiva). A field trial (2003-2005) was set up in a hilly part of Croatia according to the Latin square method with four types of fertilization (control, 50 t ha-1 stable manure, 500 and 1000 kg ha-1 NPK 5-20-30), while treatments involved harvested fresh beetroot and stored fresh beetroot. The highest dry weight (DW) content was determined in climatologically favourable 2004 (average 14.8% DW) and in the treatment with 1000 kg ha-1 NPK 5-20-30 (15.6% DW) in harvested beetroot. In 2004 and 2005, the highest levels of nitrogen and crude proteins in harvested beetroot were determined in the treatment with 1000 kg ha-1 NPK 5-20-30 (2.41 and 2.43 g N kg-1 in fresh weight and 15.07 and 15.21 g crude proteins kg-1 in fresh weight, respectively). Regardless of fertilization treatment or studied year, nitrogen and crude protein contents were higher in stored than in harvested beetroot, by 12% on average. The lowest crude protein content was determined in treatment with stable manure what confirmed that protein content decreased by organic fertilization. It can be concluded that beetroot lost some water during the storage period, which increased its content of nitrogen and crude proteins in fresh weight and thus increased the nutritional quality of beetroot as a functional food.

Mixtures of annual legumes and small-grained cereals for forage production under low rainfall

1989 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Droushiotis
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Legume Seed ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Triticale Line

SUMMARYTwo small-grained cereals, Mulga oats and a triticale line, and two legumes, local vetch and local peas, were grown in pure stands and in mixtures at various cereal: legume seed ratios (20:80, 40:60, 60:40 and 80:20) for three successive cropping years, 1981/82 to 1983/84, at Laxia and Dromolaxia, Cyprus, in each year.The cereal pure stands produced, on average, more dry matter, 8·40 t/ha, and more digestible organic matter, 4·12 t/ha, than the legume pure stands, 3·68 and 2·18 t/ha, respectively. On average, total dry matter production decreased linearly as the seed proportion of the legume component in the mixture increased. The proportion of the legume in the harvested material was much lower than expected from the seed ratios. The highest proportion of legume was seen in the mixtures of peas with triticale and ranged from 8·1 to 35·5% at the various sowing rates. Digestibility and crude protein content were highest in the mixtures of triticale and peas.

The effect of variety and harvesting stage on forage production of barley in a low-rainfall environment

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Droushiotis
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Harvesting Stage

SummaryThree cutting stages, the boot stage, 50% heading and the milk stage of grain, were imposed on eight barley varieties at four sites, two in each of two successive cropping seasons. Dry-matter and digestible yield increased significantly when harvest was delayed from the boot to the milk stage but crude-protein content and digestibility declined with advanced maturity. A similar pattern of response was obtained in most cases when varieties were examined individually. Variety 628 produced the highest yield, 8·34 t D.M./ha, while the most digestible variety was Athenais with 61·9% digestibility. In low-rainfall regions harvesting at the later stages of maturity is recommended, to take advantage of the higher D.M. yields.

scholarly journals FORAGE PRODUCTION OF SOME LESSER-KNOWN LEUCAENA SPECIES GROWN ON ACID SOIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Nurhayati D. Purwantari
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soil ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Edible Part ◽  
P Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leucaena Species

Leucaena leucocephala leaves are nutritious and palatable for ruminants. However, the plant is poorly adapted on acid soil, water logged, and susceptible to psyllid (Heteropsylla cubana). Leucaena favours soils with pH >5. It performs best on calcareous soils. This study aimed to evaluate adaptability of several Leucaena species on acid soils. The study was conducted at the experimental field in Ciawi, Bogor, altitude 500 m above sea level, rainfall 1500-2000 mm year-1, on Latosol soil with pH 5.2. Leucaena species evaluated were L. leucocephala K28, L. leucocephala (local type), Leucaena KX2 hybrid, L. collinsii, L. trichandra, and L. diversifolia. Experiment was designed in a randomized complete block, four replications. All the seedlings were grown in the nursery for 2.5 months before being transplanted to the field. The plants were grown in row plots of 5 m x 1 m with planting distance 0.5 m and spacing between row plot was 3 m. One unit replicate was 5 m x 21 m. In wet season, the plants were pruned at 50 cm height every 3 months, whilst in dry season pruning was done every 5 months. Parameter measured were plant regrowth and forage production (edible part and non-edible part of the plant), as well as N and P content of the edible part. The result showed that Leucaena KX2 hybrid was superior to other leucaenas. Regrowth of KX2 hybrid was the fastest and produced highest forage. The highest fresh weight forage production for 1 year (four times harvests), i.e. 33.93 t ha-1 year-1 equal to 12.48 t ha- 1 year-1 of dry weight, was obtained from Leucaena KX2 hybrid, whereas the lowest was produced by L. diversifolia, i.e. 3.12 t ha-1 year-1 of fresh weight or 1.01 t ha-1 year-1 of dry weight. Production of non-edible part followed the pattern of production of edible part. N and P content in the edible part of all Leucaena species did not show any significant difference except for L. trichandra which contained the lowest. This study implies that Leucaena KX2 hybrid is adaptable to acid soil; therefore it can be grown in wider areas throughout Indonesia.

Protein and caloric content of lodge pole pine needles

1968 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Boag ◽  
J. W. Kiceniuk
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
A Site

The level of crude protein and the caloric content of the needles of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) were investigated. Crude protein levels averaged 4.52 per cent of air-dry weight. No significant difference could be demonstrated in protein levels between samples taken,1) in May and November2) at 6,300 and 5,700 feet altitude, and3) from old and young trees growing on the same site.No evidence of changed protein levels was found in samples taken from trees growing on a site burned intensively 20 years previously. Caloric content of lodgepole pine needles averaged 4,973 calories per gram. Caloric values did not differ significantly between trees growing on the same and different sites.

scholarly journals Propagation studies in Smilax fluminensis Steud. (Smilacaceae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1762-1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anielca Nascimento Soares ◽  
Ana Dionísia da Luz Coelho Novembre ◽  
Aline Redondo Martins ◽  
Sônia Maria de Stefano Piedade ◽  
Beatriz Appezzato-da-Glória
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
C 30 ◽  
One Year

Smilax L. species, popularly known in Brazil as salsaparrilha, have been used in folk medicine as tonic against rheumatism and as anti-syphilitic since the sixteenth century; however, until today, their roots have been explored in an extractive way. The aim of this study was to analyze the propagation of Smilax fluminensis aiming to meet the demand and to propose procedures for its sustainable management. It was analyzed the percentage of seed germination, rooting of aerial and subterranean stem cuttings and plant resprouting capacity after removal of the shoots. The monitoring lasted one year. Seeds were subjected to temperatures: 25°C, 30°C, 20-30°C and 20-35°C under a daily photoperiod of eight hours and in the absence of light. For rooting the stem cuttings, aerial and subterranean stems about 20cm long with two nodal regions were subjected to treatment with distilled water (control) and indolbutyric acid (IBA) at 100ppm. The best germination percentages obtained for S. fluminensis were 80% at 20-30°C under light and 85% at 30°C in the dark. Only subterranean stem cuttings showed significant difference concerning fresh and dry matter of roots with higher values in treatments with hormone compared to the control.

scholarly journals Effect of Natural and Industrial Juices on Surface Microhardness of Microhybrid and Nanohybrid Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Razieh Meshki ◽  
◽  
Hanieh Hoseini ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Immersion Time ◽  
Pomegranate Juice ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Significant Difference

Numerous studies have been conducted on the effect of various beverages on the mechanical properties of toothcolored materials, however, little is known about the effects of these materials on composites, particularly newer types such as nanocomposites. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the surface microhardness of two types of composites, micro-hybrid (point 4) and nanohybrid (premise), after exposure to natural and industrial juices. Methods: In this experimental study, 90 disc-shaped specimens with a thickness of 2 mm and a diameter of 10 mm were taken from two composites, micro-hybrid Point4 (Kerr) and nanohybrid premise (kerr) (two groups of 45). Then, the specimens of each group were divided into 5 subgroups of 9 and were immersed for 7 days for 6 hours in 5 solutions of industrial orange juice, natural orange juice, industrial pomegranate juice, natural pomegranate juice, and distilled water (control group). Surface microhardness of specimens was measured by Vickers device at baseline, one day and one week after immersing. Data was measured by ANOVA, repeated measure test, and independent t-test. A significant level of α was 0.05. Results: The surface microhardness of two types of composites exposed to beverages was reduced significantly. However, no significant difference was found between natural and industrial juices in none of the composites. Conclusions: Natural and industrial juices can affect the surface microhardness of composites, which varies depending on the type of composite and the type of juice and immersion time.

scholarly journals Effect of Wire Supports on Pod Yield of Winged Beans (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.

1969 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
R. Del Valle, Jr. ◽  
M. A. Lugo-López ◽  
T. W. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus ◽  
Soil Humidity ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tuber Production ◽  
Pod Growth

An experiment with winged beans (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) (DC.) was conducted in a Torres clay (Plinthic Palehumults) to evaluate the performance of WB 21-8 and WB 10-3, and the effect of using wire supports on growth and development, fresh pod yield and tuber production. Without wire supports, there were no differences between cultivars either in growth and development or in fresh pod yields. There was, however, a highly significant difference between cultivars when both were grown with wire supports. A significant difference between yields of plants with and without wire supports within cultivar WB 21-8 was evident, while no differences were recorded for cultivar WB 1 10-3. The interaction of cultivars and use of wire supports was significant. Fresh pod yields were consistently low for both cultivars when supports were omitted, probably due to pod rot as result of the high soil humidity during pod growth. A field-wide average of 5.7 t/ha was obtained from only three harvests. There were no significant differences in protein content between treatments. A mean protein content (dry weight basis) of 20% was recorded. Tuber samples (irrespective of cultivar) had a mean protein content of 10%.

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