scholarly journals Comorbidity within Axis-II Disorders: The Unending Issues

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
Nonyenim Solomon Enyidah ◽  
Esther Ijeoma Nonye-Enyidah
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Prison Community ◽  
The 19Th Century

Personality Disorders have since the 19th century been known and established as psychiatric diagnosis, yet till date, issues of definition still remain unresolved. With a prevalence of 10-15% of the general population, and it’s associated extreme disruption in the lives of the patients and the communities, it is still not a principle focus of treatment. It’s assessment and diagnosis have been restricted to clinical settings and drug treatment and rehabilitation centres. A study in a Nigerian prison community has revealed a comorbidity prevalence rate of 70% with substance use disorder, a 25% comorbidity prevalence within the personality disorders and a strong association between personality disorders and criminality.

scholarly journals Personality Disorder in a Nigerian Prison Community

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Enyidah Nonyenim Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Prison Community ◽  
The 19Th Century

Background: Personality disorders have since the 19th century been known and established as psychiatric diagnosis, yet very few epidemiological studies have been done. Absence of information about this disorder in the prisons led to the assessment of its prevalence in Agodi prisons in Nigeria. Objective: To determine the prevalence of personality disorder in a prison community. Methods: A total of 213 inmates who met the study criteria were interviewed, using (IPDE) International Personality Disorder Examination, a semi structured questionnaire modified to conform to DSM 111-R (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual) and ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases) classifications. Using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS/PC+), cross tabulation of the variables was obtained using chi-square and t- test. Results: The results showed that at least 31% of prison inmates have personality disorders with antisocial personality disorder being most prevalent. A strong association between criminality and personality disorder was established.

Bulimia comorbidity in the general population and in the clinic

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Bushnell ◽  
J. E. Wells ◽  
J. M. McKenzie ◽  
A. R. Hornblow ◽  
M. A. Oakley-Browne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Base Rates ◽  
Specific Increase ◽  
Bulimic Women

SynopsisThis study compares rates of comorbidity of lifetime psychiatric disorder in a clinical sample of women with bulimia, with general population base rates, and with rates of comorbidity among bulimic women in the general population. Eighty-four per cent of the clinical sample of bulimic women had a lifetime affective disorder, and 44% a lifetime alcohol or drug disorder. These rates of disorder were significantly higher than the base rates in the general population. Bulimic women in the general population also had more affective and substance-use disorders than the general population base rates, but the rates of these disorders were lower than found in the clinical sample. In the general population, quite similar rates of other disorders including generalized anxiety, panic, phobia and obsessive–compulsive disorder, are found among those with bulimia, substance-use disorder and depression. Furthermore, among those with depression and substance-use disorder in the general population, rates of eating disorder are comparable. Rather than suggesting a specific relationship between bulimia and either depression or substance-use disorder, the data from this study suggest that the presence of any disorder is associated with a non-specific increase in the likelihood of other psychiatric disorder.

scholarly journals HCV-Infected Individuals have Higher Prevalence of Comorbidity and Multimorbidity: A retrospective cohort study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis Cooper ◽  
Chrissi Galanakis ◽  
Jessy Donelle ◽  
Jeff Kwong ◽  
Rob Boyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Models Of Care ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Hcv Treatment ◽  
Direct Acting Antiviral ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background: Almost 1% of Canadians are hepatitis C (HCV)-infected. The liver-specific complications of HCV are established but the extra-hepatic comorbidity, multimorbidity, and its relationship with HCV treatment, is less well known. We describe the morbidity burden for people with HCV and the relationship between multimorbidity and HCV treatment uptake and cure in the pre- and post-direct acting antiviral (DAA) era. Methods: We linked adults with HCV at The Ottawa Hospital Viral Hepatitis Program as of April 1, 2017 to provincial health administrative data and matched on age and sex to 5 Ottawa-area residents for comparison. We used validated algorithms to identify the prevalence of mental and physical health comorbidities, as well as multimorbidity (2+ comorbidities). We calculated direct age- and sex-standardized rates of comorbidity and comparisons were made by interferon-based and interferon-free, DAA HCV treatments. Results: The mean age of the study population was 54.5 years (SD 11.4), 65% were male. Among those with HCV, 4% were HIV co-infected, 26% had liver cirrhosis, 47% received DAA treatment, and 57% were cured of HCV. After accounting for age and sex differences, the HCV group had greater multimorbidity (prevalence ratio (PR) 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20 to 1.58) and physical-mental health multimorbidity (PR 2.71, 95% CI 2.29 – 3.20) compared to the general population. Specifically, prevalence ratios for people with HCV were significantly higher for diabetes, renal failure, cancer, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, substance use disorder, mood and anxiety disorders and liver failure. HCV treatment and cure were not associated with multimorbidity, but treatment prevalence was significantly lower among middle-aged individuals with substance use disorders despite no differences in prevalence of cure among those treated. Conclusion: People with HCV have a higher prevalence of comorbidity and multimorbidity compared to the general population. While HCV treatment was not associated with multimorbidity, people with substance use disorder were less likely to be treated. Our results point to the need for integrated, comprehensive models of care delivery for people with HCV.

Cognitive Therapy for Comorbid Depression

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Whisman ◽  
Daniel BE
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Comorbid Depression ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Axis I

Depression often co-occurs with other Axis I and Axis II psychiatric disorders. This chapter presents a model for how cognitive therapy (CT) of depression can be adapted in conceptualizing and treating the complex set of issues and problems that often accompany comorbid depression. It begins with a discussion of the prevalence of comorbidity in community and clinical samples, then review the research on comorbidity and outcome to CT for depression, followed by a model for adapting or modifying CT for patients who present with depression and a comorbid Axis I or Axis II disorder. The chapter concludes with specific clinical guidelines for treating depression that co-occurs with anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, and personality disorders.

What is Comorbidity – Fact or Artefact?

1996 ◽  
Vol 168 (S30) ◽  
pp. 7-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Ulrich Wittchen
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Icd 10

Comorbidity can be described broadly as the presence of more than one disorder in a person in a defined period of time (Wittchen & Essau, 1993). Stimulated by the introduction of explicit diagnostic criteria and operationalised diagnoses in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–III; APA, 1980) and the Diagnostic Criteria for Research in ICD–10 (WHO, 1991), numerous studies in the 1980s and early 1990s, have assessed the extent, the nature, and more recently, the implications of comorbidity for a better understanding of mental disorders. Most studies investigated the association of anxiety and mood disorders, but increasingly there are also studies looking into the association of mood disorders with other disorders (such as somatoform and substance use disorders (Wittchen et al, 1993, 1996)) as well as with somatic conditions (axis II) and personality disorders (axis III).

scholarly journals Depression, anxiety, and stress from substance-use disorder among family members in Iceland

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jóna Ólafsdóttir ◽  
Steinunn Hrafnsdóttir ◽  
Tarja Orjasniemi
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale

Aims: This research was designed to explore the extent to which the use of alcohol or drugs by one member of a family affects the psychosocial state of other family members. The study asks whether family members of substance abusers are more likely to report increased depression, anxiety and stress then the general population in Iceland? Are there significant differences between family members; e.g., spouses, parents, adult children and siblings by gender, age, education and income? Data and methods: The instrument used for this purpose is the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), which is designed to measure those three related mental states. It was administered to 143 participants (111 women and 32 men) with ages ranging from 19–70 years on the first day of a four-week group therapy programme for relatives of substance use disorder (SUD) at The Icelandic National Centre for Addiction Treatment (SÁÁ) from August 2015 to April 2016. Thirty participants are adult children of a parent with SUD, 47 are a spouse, 56 are parents of a child with SUD and 10 are siblings. The subscales of the DASS for depression, anxiety, and stress were utilised to examine which family member – parent, child, partner, or sibling – presented the behaviour associated with SUD. Results: 36% or more of the respondents in all three subscales had average, serious, or very serious depression, anxiety, and/or stress. This is higher than in DASS studies of the general population in Iceland. However, the analysis indicates that it made little difference to the family’s wellbeing which family member was affected by SUD.

scholarly journals Quality of life among patients seeking treatment for substance use disorder, as measured with the EQ-5D-3L

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Rand ◽  
Espen Ajo Arnevik ◽  
Espen Walderhaug
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
General Population Sample ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Eq Vas

Abstract Purpose There is a need to assess the quality of treatment for Substance Use Disorder (SUD), and document SUD patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The study aims to describe Norwegian SUD patients’ HRQoL as measured by EQ-5D, compared to a general population sample, and discuss the potential usefulness of the EQ-5D to monitor HRQoL for SUD patients. Methods One hundred seventy eight SUD patients (66.3% male) were administered the EQ-5D-3L at treatment start. Patients and general population samples were compared in terms of reported EQ-5D-3L health states, problems by dimension, UK index values, and EQ VAS scores. We investigated specific drug dependence, mental health disorders, sex, age, and education as predictors of EQ-5D-3L values and EQ VAS scores. Anxiety/depression dimension scores were compared to Hopkins symptom Checklist (HSCL-25) scores. Results 91.6% of the patient sample reported problems on the EQ-5D-3L, with 29.8% reporting extreme problem, compared to 39.8% and 3.0% in the general population sample. Mean index (EQ VAS) score among SUD patients was .59 (59.9) compared to .90 (84.1) in the general population. Regression analyses identified phobic anxiety and cocaine dependence as statistically significant predictors of higher EQ-5D-3L index scores. Conclusion SUD patients report substantially reduced HRQoL, as measured using the EQ-5D-3L. The most frequently reported problems were for the anxiety/depression, pain/discomfort, and usual activities dimensions. The EQ-5D may be a useful and practical instrument for monitoring HRQoL in SUD patients.

The literacy rate of young workers in Siberia at the end of the 19th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12-3) ◽  
pp. 134-142
Author(s):  
Irina Pivovarova
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
General Population ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The 19Th Century

Based on the results of the first general population census, the literacy of the population was analyzed regarding the number and composition of workers in Siberia in the context of 28 groups and the corresponding types of industrial and commercial activity. The most popular types of youth employment in Siberia have been identified. Shown is the gender and age differentiation of literate among employed youth. The types of activities in which young people are employed with the highest and lowest literacy levels are indicated.

Substance Use Disorders

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik A. Levinsohn ◽  
Kevin P. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Conceptual Background ◽  
Opioid Use Disorders

Given the incredible scope of substance use disorders, this chapter will primarily focus on alcohol and opioid use disorders, while also discussing substance use broadly. Furthermore, this chapter does not provide detailed guidelines for managing patients with a substance use disorder. Instead, this review aims to provide the reader with conceptual background of the biology of addiction as well as a general framework for its diagnosis and management. While this chapter primarily focuses on physicians in the role of caregiver, it is important to note that physicians also struggle with SUDs, at a rate near that of the general population.25 This review contains 3 tables and 25 references.

Prevalence of Personality Disorders in a General Population Among Men and Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Gawda ◽  
Katarzyna Czubak
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
General Population ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Polish Population ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Axis Ii

The aim of the present study is to establish the prevalence of personality disorders (PDs) in a healthy (nonclinical) Polish population, to examine sex difference in PDs, and to show the structure of clusters which PDs form with regard to men and women. A large sample of 1460 individuals of age between 18 and 65 years was examined. The Structured Clinical Interview for Axis II was used to obtain information on PDs, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview to obtain information on other disorders, and an interview to record demographic data. Results show that approximately 9% of the sample had at least one PD (the overall rate is 8.9%) and rates on sex differences in PDs are similar to other European and North American countries. The most prevalent PDs are obsessive-compulsive (9.6%), narcissistic (7%), and borderline (7%). Results show the considerable comorbidity of PDs which means that about 9% of the adult population have at least one PD and in fact they display features of many specific PDs. A factor analysis revealed that 12 PDs form different clusters in men and women.

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