scholarly journals Therapeutic Effect of Ethanol Extract of Anthocleista vogelii Stem Bark in the Treatment of Jaundice on Paracetamol-induced Hepatotoxicity in Adult Wistar Rats

Author(s):  
B. A. Olatunji ◽  
C. U. Ogunka-Nnoka

This study investigated therapeutic effect of ethanol extract of Anthocleista vogelii stem bark (EEAV) in the treatment of jaundice on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in adult wistar rats. A total of 30 wistar rats weighing between 160-200 g were distributed into 6 groups comprising group 1 (normal control), group 2 (paracetamol 2 g/Kg bw), group 3 (paracetamol 2 g/Kg bw + Silymarin 100mg/Kg bw) and groups 4-6 (paracetamol 2 g/Kg bw each + 250, 500, & 1000 mg/Kg bw of EEAV, respectively). Experiment lasted for a period of 16 days. Paracetamol induction elevated liver indices and enzyme activities. However, administration of EEAV significantly reduced (p≤0.05) these effects in groups 3-6 when compared to group 2. A significant elevation (p≤0.05) was reported in creatinine, urea, sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) when group 2 was compared with group 1. Haematological study showed that packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) and red blood cell (RBC) levels significantly increased (p≤0.05) in treatment groups 3-6 when compared to group 2. The catalase (CAT) activity increased significantly (p≤0.05) in groups 3, 4 and 6 when compared to group 2. Liver histology showed normal hepatocytes architecture with normal central vein in group 1. Group 2 revealed a histologically distorted liver tissue while there was regeneration of hepatic cells in groups 3-6. The study revealed that EEAV could serve as potent herbal therapeutic agent in the treatment of jaundice triggered by paracetamol induction in adult wistar rats.

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Muhammad Babar Khawar ◽  
Rabia Mehmood ◽  
Muddasir Hassan Abbasi ◽  
Nadeem Sheikh

The process of paper production requires a huge quantity of water and energy and in turn contributes a number of effluents in the form of phenolics, toxic organic compounds and heavy metals in wastewater (leachate). The present investigation was aimed to assess the toxic effects of leachate on liver micro-architecture and heavy metal elements of the liver. Eighteen (18) healthy male Wistar rats (240 ± 10g) were selected and acclimatized prior to experimental treatment. These rats were randomly divided into three groups viz, Control group (received 4ml/ kg normal saline), Group 1 (4ml/ kg leachate) and Group 2 (4ml/ kg 1:10 diluted leachate). All the animals were dissected and liver tissues were collected and processed accordingly after 24 h of leachate treatment. High level of cadmium and chromium were found in Group 1 as compared to the control group upon liver metal contents analysis found out by flame atomic absorption spectrometer. A clear disruption of micro-architecture of the liver, congested sinusoids, damaged central vein, and perturbed morphology was observed in Group-1 as revealed by H & E staining. Moreover, loss of polarity, congestion, and disruption of hepatocytes and pronounced vacuolization in the cytoplasm was observed in Group 2 compared to control sections. On the basis of above findings, it can be concluded that paper industry leachate is highly toxic and its intraperitoneal injection results in hepatotoxicity that not only affects the hepatic micro-architecture but also results in perturbed liver metal contents. Therefore, proper treatment of such wastewater is required before its disposal.


2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Annisa Trissatharra ◽  
Sri Ratna Dwiningsih ◽  
Ratna Sofaria Munir

Objectives: To identify the effect of monoclonal antibody bZP3 at ovarian follicles that undergo atresia and diameter of various ovarian follicles.Materials and Methods: This is a true experimental research with post only control group design. Samples were 36 female mices (Mus musculus) which is divided into 6 groups, there are 3 control groups (group 1, 2, and 3) injected by Phospatase Buffer Saline (PBS) 50µl and 3 treatment groups (group 4, 5, and 6) injected by Mab bZP3 50µl. Group 1 and 4 terminated at 5th day, group 2 and 5 terminated at 10th day, and group 3 and 6 terminated at 20th day. Evaluation of atretic ovarian follicles and diameter of ovarian follicles performed by hematoxylin eosin (HE) and the data processed by parametric statistic.Results: There are no significant in different among groups in the aspect of atretic follicles and diameter of folicles (p>0.05), but descriptively, number of follicles undergo atresia of the follicle primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment group was higher than the control group, except on the 20th day of observation time.Conclusion: administration of Mab bZP3 had no effect to amount of atretic follicles and diameter of folicles during observation time.


Author(s):  
Razvan Andrei CODEA ◽  
Mircea MIRCEAN ◽  
Sidonia Alina BOGDAN ◽  
Andras Laszlo NAGY ◽  
Alexandra BIRIS ◽  
...  

The identification of a suitable prevention method which facilitates limiting the deleterious effects of acute kidney injuries is highly required. In order to identify a proper treatment for acute kidney injuries, a suitable experimental model that replicates the structural, metabolic and inflammatory lesions that occur in the natural acute injured kidney is highly necessary. Intense urinary NAG activity can be found in a variety of renal disease such as toxic nephropathies, ischemic renal injury following cardiac surgery or renal transplantation but also in glomerular disease especially in diabetic nephropathy. Rises in urinary NAG enzyme activity strongly suggests tubular cell damage and support NAG enzyme as a biomarker of renal tubular injury. The aim of this paper is to obtain a stable in vivo acute kidney injury experimental model, in Wistar, rats and to evaluate the urinary activity of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) enzyme, blood levels of urea and creatinine and microstructural renal alterations induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury respectively gentamicin nephrotoxicity. For this purpose we have used a rat experimental model. Adult male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups with 8 rats in each group. Group 1 served as a model for the renal ischemia/reperfusion injury experiment, group 2 served for toxic kidney injury experimental model and group 3 served as control group. All individuals in both groups 1 and 2 presented marked elevations in blood urea and creatinine at the moment of euthanasia (day 3 for group 1 and day 9 for group 2) compared to the control group where biochemical values remained within normal limits. Urine analysis of both group 1 and 2 showed marked urinary NAG index activity which suggests acute tubular injury, suggestion confirmed by histological evaluation of the renal parenchyma sampled from this subjects


Author(s):  
Fiashriel Lundy ◽  
◽  
Prima Soultoni Akbar ◽  

ABSTRACT Background: In recent years, the incidence and geographic distribution of dengue fever have greatly increased. Dengue fever is an acute viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes and is characterized by fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, skin rash, nausea and vomiting. The Mosquito Nest Eradication Program (PSN) through 3M Plus needs to be carried out continuously throughout the year, especially in the rainy season through the movement of housewife who monitor larvae. This study aimed to determine the effect of the dengue fever vector eradication model through the housewife movement of larva monitoring in the efforts of dengue fever prevention in Mojolangu Village, Malang City. Subjects and Method: This was a quasi-experiment using 2 treatment groups and 1 control group conducted at Mojolangu village, Lowokwaru district, Malang. A sample of 90 respondents divided into three groups was selected by purposive sampling. The dependent variable was DHF Prevention Efforts (Larva Monitoring). The independent variables were Dengue Fever Vector Eradication Model. The data were collected by questionnaire and observation. The data was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis. Results: After being given treatment in group 1 (educated by health workers) and group 2 (trained cadres) the ability increased to be very good by 83% and 53%. In group 3 (control) his ability improved by 37%. Group 1 has the most effective influence in increasing knowledge and skills. Then group 2 with a significance value of <0.001 (p <0.005). Conclusion: Housewife are a resource in Family Empowerment and Intervention models. The eradication of dengue vectors needs regular monitoring and monitoring so that self-awareness and independence from the family can increase so that the degree of health can be achieved optimally. Keywords: Model, eradication, vector, dengue fever, larva Correspondence: Fiashriel Lundy. School of Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health Malang. Jl. Besar Ijen No 77, Oro-oro Dowo, Klojen sub-distric, Malang, East Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 0811367446 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.16


2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Abdurahman Laqif ◽  
Dewi Kartika DJ Anwar ◽  
Eriana Melinawati

Objectives: To determine the effect of ovarian autotransplan-tation on decreasing FSH level in Wistarrats late menopause model.Materials and Methods: Experimental analytic research on 27 Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) was divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (K1) or control. Group 2 (K2) performed bilateral oophorec-tomy without autotransplantation. Group 3 (K3) performed bilateral oophorectomy with autotransplantation. Measurements of FSH levels were performed on the first day, day 28 (four weeks after bilateral oophorectomy, during late menopause) and 56 day (four weeks after autotransplant). Measurement of FSH levels using ELISA. Data analysis used ANOVA and Post Hoc test.Results: The mean FSH level measured on day 56 at K1 = 63.400 ng/mL, at K2 = 78.416 ng/mL and K3 = 31.991 ng/mL. There were significant differences between K1 and K2 (p = 0,000), K1 and K3 (p = 0,000), and between K2 and K3 (p = 0,000).Conclusion: Ovarian autotransplantation decrease FSH levels in Wistar rats late menopause model.


2020 ◽  
pp. 019459982093767
Author(s):  
Ecem Sevim Longur ◽  
Özgür Yiğit ◽  
Çiğdem Kalaycık Ertugay ◽  
Ela Araz Server ◽  
Turgut Adatepe ◽  
...  

Objective We investigated the effects of bumetanide alone and in combination with dexamethasone on facial nerve regeneration in rats with facial paralysis. Study Design A prospective controlled animal study. Setting An animal laboratory. Subjects and Methods Facial paralysis was induced in 32 Wistar rats that we then divided into 4 groups: group 1, control; group 2, bumetanide; group 3, dexamethasone; group 4, bumetanide and dexamethasone. Electroneurography was performed 1, 2, and 4 weeks later, and nerve regeneration was evaluated by electron and light microscopy and Western blotting in week 4. Results Regarding the comparison between preoperative values and week 4, the latency difference in group 1 (1.25 milliseconds) was significantly higher than those of groups 2 to 4 (0.56, 0.34, and 0.10 milliseconds, respectively; P = .001). The latency increment in groups 2 and 3 was higher than that of group 4 ( P = .002 and P = .046) in week 4, whereas groups 2 and 3 did not differ significantly ( P = .291). Amplitude difference was not statistically significant from week 4 among all groups (all P > .05). The number of myelinated axons was significantly higher in all treatment groups than in the control group ( P = .001). Axon number and intensity were significantly higher in group 4 as compared with groups 2 and 3 ( P = .009, P = .005). Conclusion After primary neurorrhaphy, dexamethasone and bumetanide alone promoted nerve recovery based on electrophysiologic and histologic measures. Combination therapy was, however, superior.


2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Lage Borges ◽  
Fernanda Kelley Silva Pereira ◽  
Jacqueline Isaura Alvarez-Leite ◽  
Luiz Ronaldo Alberti ◽  
Mônica Alves Neves Diniz Ferreira ◽  
...  

OBJECTIVE: Surgical scar tensile strength may be influenced by several factors such as drugs, hormones and diet. The purpose of the present study was to determine the influence of a shrimp-enriched diet on the tensile strength of rat scars. METHODS: Forty male Wistar rats were submitted to a 4 cm dorsal skin incision and the wounds were sutured with 5-0 nylon interrupted suture. The animals were divided into two groups: Group 1 (control) received a regular diet, and Group 2 (experimental) received a shrimp-enriched diet. The two diets contained the same amounts of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. The rats in each group were divided into two subgroups according to the time of assessment of the scar tensile strength: subgroup A, studied on the 5th postoperative day, and subgroup B, studied on the 21st postoperative day. RESULTS: The tensile strength of the scar on the 5th postoperative day was lower in the animals that received the shrimp-enriched-diet (303.0, standard error of mean= 34.1) than in the control group (460.1, SEM = 56.7) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: A shrimp diet reduces the tensile strength of the scar. The next step of this study will be to clarify the mechanism in which shrimp affects tensile strength.


Author(s):  
U. Abubakar ◽  
J. O. Adisa ◽  
U. Mohammed ◽  
R. I. Tsamiya ◽  
M. O. Mohammed ◽  
...  

Introduction: Khaya senegalensis is a genus of seven species of trees in the mahogany family Meliaceae, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar. Mahogany  in  English, Aganwo  in  Yoruba,  Madachi  in  Hausa  and  Ono  in  Igbo. All species become big trees 30–35m tall, rarely 45m, with a trunk over 1 m trunk diameter, often buttressed at the base. The leaves are pinnate, with 4-6 pairs of leaflets, the terminal leaflet absent; each leaflet is 10–15 cm long abruptly rounded toward the apex but often with an acuminate tip. Aim: The  aim of  the study  was  to determine  the Toxic  effect of prolonged oral administration  of  the  aqueous stem bark of  Khaya senegalensis extract  on the histology of  Kidneys and its biochemical parameters in wistar rats. Methods: This work is an experimental research. A total of 20 wistar rats were randomly divided in to 5 groups each of which consist of 4 rats. Group 1 received distilled water to serve as control while group 2, 3, 4, and 5 received 500 mg/kg bw, 1000 mg/kg bw 2000 mg/kg bw  and 4000 mg/kg bw of the aqueous extract respectively for 60 days after which they were sacrificed, processed in Automatic Tissue Processor machine, Sectioned and stained with H &E. Results: There was statistical significant increase in urea and potassium in all the test groups but is not dose dependent. The creatinine was significantly increased in groups 2, 4 and 5. While other parameters such as sodium, chloride and bicarbonate no significant difference when compared to the control group. The kidney sections showed normal structure in group 1 when compared with the test groups. However, there was significant infiltration of inflammatory cell across all the groups which were suggestive of kidney damage or injury. Similarly phenomenon was noticed in group 5 with additional congestion in the glomerulus and more polymorphs seen. Conclusion: The LD50 was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg bw, therefore, 400 mg/kgbw was used as higher dose in the experimental wistar rats. There were statistical significant increases in some parameters groups while some groups not significant. The kidney section showed significant infiltration of polymorphs across all the groups more marked in group 5 with distension and damaging of the glomerulus indicating renal injury.


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Risnawati A. Haris ◽  
Lydia Tendean ◽  
Grace Turalaki

Abstract: The coffee beans composed of the compound caffeine, palmitic acid, linoleic acid and acid stearic. The content of caffeine in coffee can improve spermatozoa motility that are not motile by inhibiting cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and affects the intracellular levels of cyclic AMP. Spermatozoa quality can be affected by various factors such as stress. In nocturnal animals, dark periode becomes a signal to do activity by suprachiasmatic nucleus. The change in activity of the nocturnal animals from initial condition in the dark then exposed to light can leads to stress. This study was aimed to determine the effect of coffee on the spermatozoa quality of wistar rats which had been exposed to stress. This was an experimental analytical study with a post-test only control group design. The study was conducted for 50 days from September to November 2016. The sample consisted of 9 rats divided into three groups: a control group (P0) is given only exposure to stress in the form of light, the treatment group 1 (P1) is given exposure to stress in the light form and liquid coffee 1 ml / kg and the treatment group 2 (P2) is given exposure to stress in the light form and coffee extracts. The results showed that there were significant differences in the concentration and motility treatment group 1 (P1) to the control group (P0) which is p <0.05 and significant differences in sperm motility treatment group 2 (P2) to the control group (P0) which is p <0.05. Conclusion: Coffee administration could improve the quality of spermatozoa of wistar rats exposed to stress.Keywords: stress, coffee, quality of spermatozoa. Abstrak: Biji kopi tersusun dari senyawa kafein, asam palmatik, asam linoleat dan asam stearik. Kandungan kafein yang terdapat didalam kopi mampu meningkatkan motilitas spermatozoa yang tidak motil dengan cara menghambat siklus nukleotida fosfodiesterase dan mempengaruhi level intraseluler dari siklus AMP. Kualitas spermatozoa juga dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor lain seperti stres. Pada hewan nokturnal periode gelap menjadi sinyal untuk beraktiftas dilakukan oleh suprachiasmatic nucleus. Perubahan aktivitas pada hewan nokturnal dari kondisi awalnya ditempat yang gelap lalu diberikan paparan cahaya dapat menyebabkan terjadinya stres. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kopi terhadap kualitas spermatozoa tikus wistar yang terpapar stres. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental analitik dengan post-test only control group design. Penelitian dilakukan selama 50 hari dari bulan September – November 2016. Sampel sebanyak 9 ekor tikus dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu : kelompok kontrol (P0) hanya diberikan paparan stres berupa cahaya, kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1) diberikan paparan stres berupa cahaya dan cairan kopi 1 mL/KgBb dan kelompok perlakuan 2 (P2) diberikan paparan stres berupa cahaya dan ekstrak kopi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan pada konsentrasi dan motilitas spermatozoa kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1) terhadap kelompok kontrol (P0) yaitu p<0,05 dan perbedaan yang signifikan pada motilitas spermatozoa kelompok perlakuan 2 (P2) terhadap kelompok kontrol (P0) yaitu p<0,05. Simpulan: Pemberian kopi meningkatkan kualitas spermatozoa yang terpapar stres. Kata kunci: stres, kopi, kualitas spermatozoa


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentine Madianung ◽  
Lusiana Satiawati ◽  
Lydia Tendean

Abstract: The effects of soy beans on spermatozoa still been a controversial thing. Soy is one of the source of the Fitoestrogen because the structure isoflavon of soy is similar with the structure of estrogen molecule, so it can confound the balancial of hormone. Soy also as a source of protein that rich of amino acid arginin. The study was carried out to find the effects of soy bean milk on spermatozoa qualities. This experimental study was conducted to nine wistar rats weighing from 200 to 250 grams. These nine wistar rats were divide into 3 groups. Consists of control group (K) that did not gives the soy bean milk, the group 1 (P1) that gives the soy bean milk with dose 500mg/kg BB/day and the group 2 (P2) with dose 780mg/kg BB/day. Treatment carried out for 60 days. As a result, there is an improvement in consentration and morphology of spermatozoa which are statistically significant (p<0,05) in group 1 (P1) and group 2 (P2). Spermatozoa motility have a tendency to rise, but statistically meaningless (p>0,05). Conclusion: The higher dose of soy bean milk may rise the concentration, morphology and motility of spermatozoa wistar rats.Keywords: soy bean, soy bean milk, qualities of spermatozoa.Abstrak: Pengaruh kacang kedelai terhadap kualitas spermatozoa masih menimbulkan kontroversi. Kedelai merupakan salah satu sumber fitoestrogen karena struktur isoflavon kedelai mirip dengan struktur molekul estrogen sehingga dapat mengacaukan keseimbangan hormon. Kedelai juga sebagai sumber protein yang kaya akan asam amino arginin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek dari susu kacang kedelai terhadap kualitas spermatozoa tikus wistar. Penelitian ini menggunakan 9 ekor wistar yang terbagi secara acak ke dalam 3 kelompok. Terdiri dari Kelompok kontrol yang tidak diberikan susu kacang kedelai, kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1) yang diberi susu kacang kacang kedelai dengan dosis 500mg/kgBB/hari dan kelompok perlakuan 2 (P2) dengan dosis 780mg/kgBB/hari. Pemberian perlakuan berlangsung selama 60 hari. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan peningkatan konsentrasi dan morfologi spermatozoa yang signifikan secara statistik (p<0,05) antara kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1) dan kelompok perlakuan 2 (P2). Motilitas spermatozoa pada kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1) dan kelompok perlakuan 2 (P2) mempunyai kecenderungan meningkat, tetapi secara statistik tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Simpulan: Makin tinggi dosis susu kacang kedelai yang diberikan, dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi, motilitas, dan morfologi spermatozoa tikus wistar.Kata kunci: kacang kedelai, susu kacang kedelai, kualitas spermatozoa.


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