scholarly journals Evaluation of the Susceptibility of the Seeds of Four Varieties of Vigna unguiculata against Callosobruchus maculatus Infestations

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mala Tankam C. M. ◽  
Kekeunou Sevilor ◽  
Olina Bassala J. P. ◽  
Nukenine Nchiwan E.
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Susceptibility Index ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Index Weight

Introduction: Post-harvest conservation remains a major challenge for most crops in developing countries. Among these is Cowpea one of the major legumes grown and consumed in the tropics and subtropics of countries. Callosobruchus maculatus infestations constitute are the most prominent threat for this particular crop. Objective: The present research aimed at evaluating the susceptibility of four cowpea varieties against infestations of C. maculatus. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the entomology laboratory of the cowpea section of the Regional Center for Agricultural Research of Maroua from November to December 2018. Methodology: The experiments were carried out based on the factorial experiment by randomized complete design with five replications. 40 seeds of each variety were put in contact with 5 pairs of bruchids. Results: The results show that the four cowpea varieties evaluated have different physical characteristics of the seeds. This variability would play an important role in inducing the ovipositional response of C. maculatus females. However, it is not enough on its own to explain the various degree of susceptibility to C.maculatus infestations. There was a positive perfect correlation between the number of adult emergence, growth index, weight loss, number of holes and Dobie susceptibility index. Also, BR-1 was found to be more resistant to C. maculatus followed by Lori-niébé, Vya and least resistance was observed in the Borno brown. The multiple regression analysis reveals that there is a negative relationship between mortality rate of developmental stages, weight loss, F1 offspring production, and seed susceptibility. Conclusion: The physical characteristics of the four cowpea varieties tested to affect the susceptibility of the grain to beetle attacks. A number of adult emergence, growth index, weight loss, and susceptibility index are the main indicators for the resistance of cowpea to C. maculatus damage. An analysis of the amino acids contained in the BR-1 is recommended for the introgression of its resistance alleles in susceptible varieties.

Screening of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] accessions against pulse-beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Tripathi ◽  
Sumit Kumar Chauhan ◽  
Padmawati G. Gore ◽  
T. V. Prasad ◽  
Kalyani Srinivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Local Variety ◽  
Development Period ◽  
Pulse Beetle

A total of 52 accessions of cowpea including two checks (Pusa Komal and Local variety) were screened for resistance to pulse beetle, <italic>Callosobruchus chinensis</italic> under no-choice artificial infestation conditions. There were significant differences among the accessions in terms of number of eggs laid, development period, adult emergence, number of emergence holes, weight loss and growth index of <italic>C. chinensis</italic> on cowpea. Based on growth indices, Pusa Komal (0.04081) and IC328859 (0.04112) were resistant while IC106033 (0.06819) and Local variety (0.06816) were most susceptible to <italic>C. chinensis</italic>. Of the 52 accessions screeened, 11 accessions were resistant, 15 moderately resistant, 13 moderately susceptible, 8 susceptible and 5 were highly susceptible to <italic>C. chinensis.</italic> Correlation between growth index and growth parameters of pulse beetle on different cowpea accessions indicated that growth index had significant negative relationship with mean development period (r = -0.68) and significant positive relationship with adult emergence(r = +0.80). Adult emergence had a positive relationship with weight loss (r = +0.22).

scholarly journals Susceptibility of some cowpea varieties to the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-360
Author(s):  
Abdulrasak Musa ◽  
Abiola Adeboye
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Seed Beetle ◽  
Susceptibility Index ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The study evaluated seven cowpea Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. varieties: IT89K-568-18, IFE-98-12, IT81P-994, IT89K-288, IT96-660, ?Milk? and ?Drum? for susceptibility to the seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Seed samples (100 g) of each variety were infested with 5 pairs of the seed beetle (1-2 days old) with three replications at 30?20C and relative humidity of 69-72%. The parameters evaluated included: number of damaged and undamaged seeds, percentage seed weight loss, mean number of emerged adults, median developmental period and susceptibility index. The percentage seed weight loss in IT96-660 was significantly (p<0.05) higher than in IT89K-568-18, IT89K-288 and ?Milk?. The mean number of seeds damaged in IFE-98-12 was significantly (p<0.05) higher than in IT89K-568-18, IT81P-994, IT89K-288, IT96-660 and ?Milk?. The median developmental period in ?Milk? was significantly (p<0.05) higher than in IT89K-568-18, IFE-98-12, IT96-660 and ?Drum?. IFE-98-12 and IT89K-568-18 with susceptibility index of 10.4 and 7.8 were rated highly susceptible and moderately susceptible, respectively. The number of emerged adults was highly significant and positively correlated with the percentage seed weight loss. Results obtained showed that these cowpea varieties were relatively susceptible to C. maculatus attack in storage suggesting the need for their proper preservation against the insect.

Searching for resistance in wild Lens species against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmavati G Gore ◽  
K Tripathi ◽  
S K Chauhan ◽  
Mohar Singh ◽  
I S Bisht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Development Period ◽  
Artificial Infestation ◽  
Pulse Beetle

A total of 51 accessions of different Lens spp. viz., Lens culinaris (cultivated) and L. culinaris subsp. odemensis, L. culinaris subsp. orientalis, L. orientalis, L. nigricans, L. lamottei and L. ervoides (wild species) were screened for their reaction to Callosobruchus chinensis under no-choice artificial infestation conditions to find the sources of resistance. Significant differences among the accessions in terms of number of eggs laid, development period, adult emergence, number of emergence holes of C. chinensis loss in seed weight on different Lens spp. were observed. Of the seven species tested, L. culinaris was the most preferred one for egg laying while L. ervoides was the least preferred. Based on Growth Index (GI), accessions were categorised as highly resistant (15 accessions, GI = 0.00), resistant (14, GI=0.00 to 1.00), moderately resistant (16, GI=1.01 to 2.00) moderately susceptible (3, GI 2.01 to 3.00) susceptible (3, >3.01) to C. chinensis and the species have been arranged in the order of their resistance to C. chinensis. viz L. ervoides > L. lamottei > L. nigricans= L. orientalis > L. culinaris subsp. orientalis= L. culinaris subsp. odemensis > L. culnaris, i.e. L. ervoides was highly resistant and L. culnaris was the most susceptible. Correlation between GI and growth parameters of pulse beetle on different Lens spp. accessions indicated that GI had negative relationship with mean development period (-0.22) and significant positive relationship with adult emergence (+0.73), weight loss (+0.77) and eggs laid (+0.75).

scholarly journals Biological and Molecular Evidence for the Existence of Bruchid Ecotypes in the Nigerian Cowpea Ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
LEN Jackai
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
African Yam Bean ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Different Populations

The oviposition, growth and development of six populations of Callosobruchus maculatus (IT, PH, UM, MD‐1, MD‐2, MD‐3) from different localities in Nigeria were studied on a resistant (TVu 2027) and susceptible (Ife Brown) cowpea cultivar and four cultivars of African yam bean, Progenies obtained by cross‐mating individuals from the different populations were also studied.. Oviposition was highest in the MD insect beetle population and lowest in the UM population. IT and PH populations had the highest adult emergence and shortest development times on the resistant control. Genomic differences among bruchid populations were confirmed by the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting technique with PH population being the most distant. All progenies with IT as the female parent also had better emergence and shorter development time than their reciprocal crosses or those involving other populations, but this varied with the fitness of the male parent. The UM population averaged <10% adult emergence on TVu 2027 compared to 71.9 % on the susceptible control, but was better adapted to the AYB (66 % emergence) than were other populations. These results suggest possible existence of ecotypes, of this bruchid species in Nigeria with potentially important implications for the development and deployment of resistant cowpea varieties.

scholarly journals Effects of Garlic Clove, Neem and Eucalyptus Leaf Extract on Mating Behaviour, Oviposition and Adult Emergence of Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Akter ◽  
N Nahar ◽  
M Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Mating Frequency ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Mating Duration ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Pulse Beetle

Experiments were conducted in the laboratory to study the effects of garlic clove, neem and eucalyptus leaf extracts on mating behaviour, oviposition and adult emergence of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus. Intensity of seed damage and weight loss of gram seeds were also recorded. The results showed that the mating frequency, mating duration, oviposition, adult emergence of pulse beetle and weight loss of gram seeds were reduced significantly after application of the extracts. Among the extracts, neem leaf extracts showed lowest mating frequency (1), mating duration (3.66 minutes), lowest number of laid eggs (27.33), adult emergence (11.67), seed damage (6.89%) and weight loss (2.53%). On the other hand, garlic clove extract showed highest mating frequency (1.67), mating duration (4.67 minutes), highest number of laid eggs (40.33), adult emergence (18.66), seed damage (9.63%) and weight loss (3.73%). In the same way eucalyptus leaf extract showed 2nd highest mating frequency (1.5), mating duration (4.5 minutes), eggs laid (38.67), adult emergence (15.67), seed damage (9.25) and seed weight loss (3.33%). Considering efficacy of all extracts, it was found that the order of toxicity was neem leaf extract>eucalyptus leaf extract> garlic clove extract.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18164 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 93 - 97, 2007

Identification of tolerant genotypes against pulse beetle as a source to reduce post harvest losses in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millisp.]

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satheesh Naik S.J. ◽  
Amrit Lamichaney ◽  
Abhishek Bohra ◽  
R.K. Mishra ◽  
Farindra Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Seed Hardness ◽  
Choice Assay ◽  
Positive Correlations

The present study intends to screen 52 pigeonpea genotypes for bruchid infestation under controlled conditions using no-choice assay. The results revealed significant differences among the genotypes considering parameters like growth index (GI), egg numbers and adult emergence. The genotypes viz., ICP 89049, IPA 37 and Dholi dwarf DB had low average values for GI (0.45, 0.48 and 0.48 respectively), number of eggs after 20 days (14.5, 21.5 and 28), and adults emerged after 30 days of oviposition (9.0, 7.0 and 4.5, respectively) when compared to the genotypes Asha (higher GI: 1.10), and IPA 7–6 (having 98.0 eggs after 20 days of incubation). Concerning associations among different traits, the GI had significant positive correlations with number of eggs laid (0.484), and number of adults emerged at 15–30 days (0.638). The GI showed a negative relationship with proportion of seed coat (–0.162) and seed hardness (–0.197). The traits that are less preferred by the bruchids include hard seed with less seed diameter and high proportion of seed coat. The tolerant genotypes viz. ICP 89049, IPA 37 and Dholi dwarf DB identified here could be deployed in breeding programs for reducing post harvest losses in pigeonpea.

scholarly journals Multivariate analysis on blackgram genotypes for bruchine (Callosobruchus maculatus F.) resistance towards selection of parental lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1206-1213
Author(s):  
Ragul Subramaniyan ◽  
Manivannan Narayana ◽  
Iyanar Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Ganapathy Natarajan ◽  
Karthikeyan Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Hybridization Programme

Black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) is one of the most important pulse crops in daily diets. However, black gram production and post-harvest preservation are still tedious due to the losses caused by the storage pest bruchine, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), both quantitatively and qualitatively.   Hence, the present study involves the utilization of the multivariate analysis by effectively understanding variation among the genotypes based on their level of bruchine infestation. The multivariate studies indicated that the traits viz., the total number of adult emergence (AE), seed damage % (SD) and seed weight loss % (SWL) had more variation and with more significant correlation among them.  Also, these traits are the most influential principal component traits governing 88% of the variation among genotypes. The divergence analysis showed that the genotype TU 68 found in cluster II would have the potential to create the variation for bruchine infestation among the black gram genotypes involved in the study.  As it has scored lesser adult emergence (AE) (7 adults), seed damage % (SD) (14 %) and seed weight loss % (SWL) (17.79 %)  than the other genotypes. It shows the resistant nature of the genotype against bruchine beetles. Hence, TU 68 could be utilized in the future hybridization programme as a donor for bruchine resistance.

Evaluation of leaf and vine powders of Secamone afzelii (Schult) K. Schum for control of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in stored cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-162
Author(s):  
J. M. Adesina ◽  
T. I. Ofuya
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Percentage Weight Loss ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Percentage Weight ◽  
Treatment Number

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of Secamone afzeliileaf and vine powders applied at the rate of 0.5g, 1.0g, 1.5g and 2.0g underambient laboratory conditions on Callosobruchus maculatus on stored cowpea.Mortality of adult insects at 48 h post treatment, number of eggs laid,adult emergence, adult exit holes and percentage weight loss in each treatmentwere compared with those of control. The results indicated that vinepowder caused significantly greater kill (P < 0.05) of C. maculatus adultswhen applied at 2.0g than other dosages. The application rate of 2.0g of leafpowder was able to cause reduction in number of eggs laid by the weevil(5.67/20g seed) and significantly (P < 0.05) suppressed adult emergence(21.12). Adult exit holes and percentage weight loss were significantly reducedat all levels of application. It is concluded that Secamone afzelii hasgreat potential for use as a plant‐based biopesticide for controlling C. maculatuson stored cowpea.

scholarly journals Comparative response of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Chysomelidae) to Momordica charantia and Acalypha wilkesiana powders in stored cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) (Walp.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
Oyewale Rufus Adeboye ◽  
Mercy Olayinka Oni ◽  
Jacobs Mobolade Adesina
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Acalypha Wilkesiana

Post-harvest preservation of cowpea in developing countries has been a major challenge owing to Callosobruchus maculatus infestation. The study compares response of C. maculatus (F) to Momordica charantia and Acalypha wilkesiana powders in stored cowpea seeds under laboratory atmosphere. Five pairs of freshly emerged C. maculatus adults were introduced into Petri-dish containing 20 g of cowpea admixed with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 g of each plant powder, replicated thrice and arranged in a complete randomization design. Adult mortality was recorded at 24 h interval for 5 days, oviposition was recorded after 48 h. While newly emerged insects were recorded 30-35 days after infestation and weight loss was also determined. The treatments showed significant increase in C. maculatus adult mortality as the time of exposure and dosage increases, with highest values (90 and 100% for A. wilkesiana and M. charantia, respectively) at 120 h of exposure and 0.8 g dosage level. At 0.8 g, A. wilkesiana (66.3) and M. charantia (63.0) treated seeds recorded significantly lower number of eggs laid. Similar trend was equally observed for adult emergence and percentage weight loss. The study revealed that both plants had significant insecticidal effects and clearly showed that M. charantia was more effective than A. wilkesiana, but did not show higher significant differences in all the parameters assessed. This indicated that these plant powders have prospective to safeguard cowpea seeds in store from C. maculatus infestation and damage. Therefore, these plant should be included in the Integrated Pest Management Strategies for cowpea storage by small scale farmers.

scholarly journals Field Response of Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata Walper to Four Insecticidal Compounds and Their Residual Toxicity to Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] in The Laboratory

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 785
Author(s):  
R. A. Adebayo ◽  
O. A. Isah
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Residual Toxicity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Insecticidal Compounds

There have been paradigm shift to the use of biopesticides as alternative to synthetic pesticides in recent years due to its environment friendliness and non-toxic to the non-target organisms. Therefore, three synthetic insecticides and water extract from neem back powder were evaluated on cowpea in the field and their residual toxicity tested against C. maculatus in the laboratory. The insecticides were applied at the rate of 2ml in 2L of water and 2L of extract from neem back powder on the field. The harvested seeds were infested with C. maculatus to evaluate the residual toxicity of the insecticides. Data on growth and yield parameters were taken on the field while data on adult mortality, oviposition, adult emergence and weight loss were recorded for the laboratory experiment. The results showed positive response of cowpea to the applied chemicals as they had higher values for the number of leaves, branches and reduced number of holes. Number of holes was significant (p< 0.05) at the 8th week with the control having highest number of holes. Cowpea treated with cypermethrin had highest number of pods at both 7th and 8th week and showed significant difference at 7th week. Highest weight of seeds per pod was obtained from the cowpea treated with water extract from neem back powder and was significantly different (p< 0.05) from other treatments. Seeds treated with the three insecticides had the same number of mortality while neem extract had highest but was not significantly different (p> 0.05). There was a reduction in number of eggs laid, adult emergence, seeds with holes and weight loss in the seeds treated with the four insecticide compounds. It was concluded that application of the insecticidal compounds positively enhanced the performance of cowpea on the field and could protect the seeds against C. maculatus in the laboratory. This study revealed that water extract from back powder of neem could be used as a botanical in the protection of cowpea against seed beetles.

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