scholarly journals Field Response of Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata Walper to Four Insecticidal Compounds and Their Residual Toxicity to Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] in The Laboratory

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 785
Author(s):  
R. A. Adebayo ◽  
O. A. Isah
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Residual Toxicity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Insecticidal Compounds

There have been paradigm shift to the use of biopesticides as alternative to synthetic pesticides in recent years due to its environment friendliness and non-toxic to the non-target organisms. Therefore, three synthetic insecticides and water extract from neem back powder were evaluated on cowpea in the field and their residual toxicity tested against C. maculatus in the laboratory. The insecticides were applied at the rate of 2ml in 2L of water and 2L of extract from neem back powder on the field. The harvested seeds were infested with C. maculatus to evaluate the residual toxicity of the insecticides. Data on growth and yield parameters were taken on the field while data on adult mortality, oviposition, adult emergence and weight loss were recorded for the laboratory experiment. The results showed positive response of cowpea to the applied chemicals as they had higher values for the number of leaves, branches and reduced number of holes. Number of holes was significant (p< 0.05) at the 8th week with the control having highest number of holes. Cowpea treated with cypermethrin had highest number of pods at both 7th and 8th week and showed significant difference at 7th week. Highest weight of seeds per pod was obtained from the cowpea treated with water extract from neem back powder and was significantly different (p< 0.05) from other treatments. Seeds treated with the three insecticides had the same number of mortality while neem extract had highest but was not significantly different (p> 0.05). There was a reduction in number of eggs laid, adult emergence, seeds with holes and weight loss in the seeds treated with the four insecticide compounds. It was concluded that application of the insecticidal compounds positively enhanced the performance of cowpea on the field and could protect the seeds against C. maculatus in the laboratory. This study revealed that water extract from back powder of neem could be used as a botanical in the protection of cowpea against seed beetles.

scholarly journals Comparative response of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Chysomelidae) to Momordica charantia and Acalypha wilkesiana powders in stored cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) (Walp.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
Oyewale Rufus Adeboye ◽  
Mercy Olayinka Oni ◽  
Jacobs Mobolade Adesina
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Acalypha Wilkesiana

Post-harvest preservation of cowpea in developing countries has been a major challenge owing to Callosobruchus maculatus infestation. The study compares response of C. maculatus (F) to Momordica charantia and Acalypha wilkesiana powders in stored cowpea seeds under laboratory atmosphere. Five pairs of freshly emerged C. maculatus adults were introduced into Petri-dish containing 20 g of cowpea admixed with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 g of each plant powder, replicated thrice and arranged in a complete randomization design. Adult mortality was recorded at 24 h interval for 5 days, oviposition was recorded after 48 h. While newly emerged insects were recorded 30-35 days after infestation and weight loss was also determined. The treatments showed significant increase in C. maculatus adult mortality as the time of exposure and dosage increases, with highest values (90 and 100% for A. wilkesiana and M. charantia, respectively) at 120 h of exposure and 0.8 g dosage level. At 0.8 g, A. wilkesiana (66.3) and M. charantia (63.0) treated seeds recorded significantly lower number of eggs laid. Similar trend was equally observed for adult emergence and percentage weight loss. The study revealed that both plants had significant insecticidal effects and clearly showed that M. charantia was more effective than A. wilkesiana, but did not show higher significant differences in all the parameters assessed. This indicated that these plant powders have prospective to safeguard cowpea seeds in store from C. maculatus infestation and damage. Therefore, these plant should be included in the Integrated Pest Management Strategies for cowpea storage by small scale farmers.

scholarly journals Bioefficacy of Three Indigenous Plant Extracts Against Callosobruchus Chinensis L. (BRUCHIDAE: COLEOPTERA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
SMS Ahmed ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
AB Siddique ◽  
MAA Bachchu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Residual Toxicity ◽  
Pulse Beetle ◽  
Custard Apple ◽  
Indigenous Plant

Results of the evaluation on bioefficacy of three indigenous plant extracts for toxicity and residual effects against the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. (Bruchidae: Coleoptera) showed that the plant extracts had toxic and residual effects for controlling pulse beetle. Mortality and residual effects were statistically different among the plant extracts and doses applied. Neem extract showed the highest adult mortality (36.78%) whereas eucalyptus extract showed the lowest (22.75%). The order of the toxicity of three plant extracts was found as neem > custard apple > eucalyptus. Mortality was found directly proportional to the hour after treatments which increased with the progress of time. Between two solvents, acetone solvent possessed the highest toxicity (mortality 32.95%) but methanol showed the lowest toxicity (mortality 30.56%). The residual toxicity was evaluated on the basis of egg laid, adult emergence, seed infestation and weight loss caused by the insect. The highest residual toxicity was found in neem extract with acetone while the lowest in eucalyptus extract with acetone. Neem extract with acetone and custard apple extract with methanol solvent were found effective to toxic and residual effects against pulse beetle of three plant extracts applied. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 46(1): 1-12, June 2020

scholarly journals Perforation index assessment of cowpea seeds against cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae], infestation using Piper guineense

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayode David Ileke ◽  
Jacobs Mobolade Adesina ◽  
Luke Chinaru Nwosu ◽  
Abimbola Olagunju
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Seed Extracts

Abstract Background Powders and extracts of Piper guineense seeds and leaves were assessed for insecticidal activities against Callosobruchus maculatus in the laboratory at temperature and relative humidity of 29.6 °C and 75.9%, respectively. Bioactive compounds in P. guineense leaves and seeds were also investigated. The powders were tested at rates 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds while extracts were tested at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0%. Results Results of contact toxicity assay of the seed powder caused 100% adult mortality at 96 h post-treatment period whereas leaf powder evoked 90% adult mortality within the same period at concentration of 1.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds. Low adult emergence was observed on cowpea seeds treated with 1 g of seed powder with percentage adult emergence of 10.0% and inhibition rate (IR) of 97.5%. Beetle Perforation Index (BPI) obtained from treated cowpea seeds was significantly different (P < 0.05) from BPI of untreated seeds. Extracts of P. guineense seed were more toxic than seed powder. Piper guineense seed extract caused 87.5% adult mortality of C. maculatus while leaf extract caused 70.0% adult mortality within 24 h of infestation at concentration of 1%. Progeny development of C. maculatus was completely inhibited in cowpea treated with 2% and 3% leaf and seed extracts of P. guineense. β-Pinene was the most abundant active compound in P. guineense seed (55.6%) and leaf (48.4%). β-Phellandrene occurred 38.2% in seeds while Ocimene had the least value of 0.2% in seed and 0.5% in leaf. Conclusion The study showed that P. guineense seed powder and extracts were more effective than leaf powder and extract. Utilization of plant products as alternative to synthetic insecticides in protecting cowpea seeds against C. maculatus should be encouraged for enhanced food safety and security. Piper guineense is used as spice and medicine and interestingly safe for human use.

Efficacy of Senna occidentalis leaves powder on oviposition, hatchability of eggs and emergence of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab)on treated cowpea seeds

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
J. M. Adesina ◽  
L. A. Afolabi ◽  
A. T. Aderibigbe
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Ondo State

The efficacy of Senna occidentalis leaf powder against Callosobruchusmaculatus (F) on cowpea treated seeds was evaluated under ambientcondition (32±0.64°C and 68±3% R.H.) at the laboratory of AgriculturalTechnology of Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo. C. maculatus was obtainedfrom Oja‐Oba market, Owo, Ondo State of Nigeria. The insects were rearedand bred in the laboratory. The cowpea seeds used for the bioassay werekept in the freezer for 15 days to eliminate infestation from the field. Theleaf powder was obtained after milling and four dosages of the powder (0.5,1.0, 1.5 and 2.0g) were separately admixed with 20g of cowpea in separatepetri dishes. Ten pairs of C. maculatus were introduced into each petri‐dish.Number of adult mortality, egg laid, percentage egg hatching, adultemergence and weight loss from each treatment were compared withcontrol treatment. It is concluded that the Senna occidentalis contains toxicproperties valuable for the control of C. maculatus.

scholarly journals Potentials of Cow Dung Ash as Protectants of Cowpea Seeds against Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. p128
Author(s):  
Mohammed Suleiman ◽  
Fatima M. Haruna
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Different Doses

Experiments were conducted to assess the protectant ability of cow dung ash (CDA) to cowpea seeds against Callosobruchus maculatus F. under laboratory conditions of 50-65% R.H and 28-32oC. The CDA at different rates of 0.625, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, 10.00% (w/w) incorporated with cypermethrin powder at 0.625% were applied to 20 g of cowpea seeds in petri dishes. None of the ashes or cypermethrin was added to the control. Ten beetles were introduced into each of the petri dishes and covered with muslin cloth. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. Effects of the treatments on adult mortalities as well as median lethal dose (LD50) of CDA against C. maculatus were determined. Adult emergence and weight losses in seeds treated with CDA at different doses were assessed. Findings of the study revealed that the adult mortality of C. maculatus among different CDA treatments differed significantly (p < 0.05) and ranged from 13.33 to 100.00% 72 hours after treatment (HAT). Results of the study also showed that LD50 of CDA against C. maculatus at 24 hours after treatment (HAT) was 5.51 % (w/w). No adults emerged from the treated seeds and weight losses were observed in those treated with the lowest dose and the control only. Therefore, CDA could be utilized to protect cowpea seeds from C. maculatus infestations during storage.

scholarly journals Effects of Plant Species, Insecticide, and Exposure Time On the Efficacy Of Barrier Treatments Against Aedes albopictus

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin E. McMillan ◽  
Jake E. Bova ◽  
Carlyle C. Brewster ◽  
Nicola T. Gallagher ◽  
Sally L. Paulson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Residual Toxicity ◽  
Japanese Honeysuckle ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT The effect of 5 plant species (arborvitae [Thuja occidentalis], boxwood [Buxus sp., Japanese honeysuckle [Lonicera japonica], rhododendron [Rhododendron sp.], and zebra grass [Miscanthus sinensis]) and 2 rates of lambda-cyhalothrin (3.13 ml and 6.25 ml active ingredient [AI]/liter) on knockdown (1 h) and mortality (24 h) of adult female Aedes albopictus was evaluated over an 8-wk period. A significant difference in knockdown was observed between the 2 rates of lambda-cyhalothrin on the 5 plant species, with the highest proportion of knockdown observed on zebra grass and rhododendron treated at the higher rate. Although mortality was ≥60% and 85% on the 5 plant species at the low and high rates of lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively, a significant difference between the 2 rates was only observed on boxwood and Japanese honeysuckle (P &lt; 0.0001). We also tested the residual toxicity of 3 barrier sprays (lambda-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, and deltamethrin) and evaluated the efficacy of a short (5-min) exposure to the insecticides on knockdown and mortality of adults over time. Significantly higher knockdown was observed with lambda-cyhalothrin compared with bifenthrin and deltamethrin (P &lt; 0.0001). Mean knockdown was ∼98%, 92%, and 20% for lambda-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, and deltamethrin, respectively, at week 2, and ∼98%, 0%, and 44%, respectively, 8 wk after treatments were applied. Adult mortality from the 3 chemical treatments, however, remained above 90% throughout the study. Lastly, the trends in mean proportion of knockdown were similar for mosquitoes exposed for either 5 min or 24 h to the 3 chemicals. An overall decline in mean mortality over time, however, was observed for mosquitoes exposed for 5 min to the chemicals compared with mortality from the 24-h exposure. The results suggest that lambda-cyhalothrin can be an effective barrier spray treatment against Ae. albopictus adults because its efficacy is limited little by plant species, it has long residual toxicity, and it is effective following only 5 min of exposure.

scholarly journals Synergetic effects of two botanical entomocides as pest-protectants in maize grains

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayode David Ileke ◽  
Jacobs Mobolade Adesina ◽  
Emmanuel Oluwaseun Obajulaye
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Plant Products ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Synergetic Effects ◽  
Grain Damage

<em>Sitophilus zeamais</em> Motschulsky infestation causes severe post-harvest losses of cereal grains in Nigeria leading to major nutritional and economic losses. A laboratory study was conducted to determine the efficacy of <em>Myrcianthes fragrans</em> and <em>Aframomum melegueta</em> seed powders and methanol extract as well as their synergetic effects on <em>S. zeamais</em>. The ability of the plant products to protect maize grain against <em>S. zeamais</em> infestation was assessed in terms of mortality 24 to 96 h posttreatment, oviposition, and adult emergence, weight loss and grains damage. <em>M. fragrans</em> and <em>A. melegueta</em> products significantly cause adult mortality of <em>S. zeamais</em>. <em>M. fragrans</em> products were the most toxic as it evoked 100% adult mortality within 24 h of application while<em> A. melegueta</em> products evoked 100% mortality of <em>S. zeamais</em> at 48 and 72 h post treatment, respectively. The synergetic effects of the plant products caused 100% adult mortality at 48 and 72 h post-treatment, respectively. Oviposition, adult emergence, weight loss and damage of the maize grains treated with the plant products were completely inhibited compared with untreated grains. The results obtained revealed that 2 g and 2% sole application of <em>M. fragrans</em> and mixed application of <em>M. fragrans</em> and <em>A. melegueta</em> products were effective in controlling <em>Sitophilus zeamais</em> post-harvest infestation and grain damage and could serve as an alternative to synthetic insecticide in ensuring steady supply of maize grains, thus ensuring food security as the plants are of medicinal and nutritional quality.

scholarly journals Assessment of Insecticidal Properties of Products From Seeds of Carica papaya Against Callosobruchus Maculatus (Fabricius)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Joy Ejemen Idoko ◽  
Bukola Mary Atere ◽  
Raphael Abiodun Adebayo
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Papaya Seed

Powder and ash of Carica papaya seed extracted from riped and unriped C. papaya fruits obtained from Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Technology, Akure were evaluated for their insecticidal potential against Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) at application rates of 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0g per 20g of cowpea seeds. The experiment was carried out at the pest management laboratory of the Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management under ambient laboratory conditions of 27±20C temperature and 70±5% relative humidity. Each treatment was infested with 5 pairs of C. maculatus. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design with each treatment replicated three times. Mortality of cowpea beetles were assessed at 24, 48 and 72hours post treatment. Thereafter data were collected on oviposition, adult emergence, weevil perforation index and seed germination. The results obtained indicated that adult mortality of C. maculatus increased with increasing application rates of powders and ashes of ripe and unripe C. papaya seeds. 100% mortality was observed on cowpea seeds treated with powders and ashes of unripe C. papaya seed at 0.8 and 1.0g application rates at 72hours post treatment. Powders and ashes of unripe C. papaya seed significantly reduced the oviposition potential of adult C. maculatus and caused significant reduction of damaged seeds. Highest number of seeds that germinated was recorded on the seeds treated with powders and ashes of unripe C. papaya seed at 0.8 and 1.0g application rates.

scholarly journals Effect of mahogany Khaya senegalensis seed oil in the control of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) on stored cowpea.

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 130-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Bamaiyi ◽  
I.S. Ndams ◽  
W.A. Toro ◽  
S. Odekina
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Khaya Senegalensis ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl

<I>Khaya senegalensis</I> seed oil was evaluated for its efficacy in the control of <I>Callosobruchus maculatus</I> on stored cowpea. The oil was extracted locally from the dry <I>K. senegalensis</I> seeds. This was compared with Pirimiphos methyl E.C. as a standard. There was almost complete adult mortality of <I>C. maculatus</I> at 24 h after treatment with seed oil at 1, 2 and 3 ml/100 g of cowpea. The seed oil significantly reduced the F<SUB>1</SUB> and F<SUB>2</SUB> progeny emergence. The reduction in oviposition was not significant when compared with the control. The damage caused by <I>C. maculatus</I> was significantly reduced by <I>K. senegalensis</I> seed oil. For all the parameters examined, <I>K. senegalensis</I> seed oil showed no significant difference with Pirimiphos methyl E.C. in the control of <I>C. maculatus, </I>suggesting that <I>K. senegalensis</I> seed oil has high potential for use as botanical resource for control of <I>C. maculates.</I>

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Susceptibility of the Seeds of Four Varieties of Vigna unguiculata against Callosobruchus maculatus Infestations

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mala Tankam C. M. ◽  
Kekeunou Sevilor ◽  
Olina Bassala J. P. ◽  
Nukenine Nchiwan E.
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Susceptibility Index ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Index Weight

Introduction: Post-harvest conservation remains a major challenge for most crops in developing countries. Among these is Cowpea one of the major legumes grown and consumed in the tropics and subtropics of countries. Callosobruchus maculatus infestations constitute are the most prominent threat for this particular crop. Objective: The present research aimed at evaluating the susceptibility of four cowpea varieties against infestations of C. maculatus. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the entomology laboratory of the cowpea section of the Regional Center for Agricultural Research of Maroua from November to December 2018. Methodology: The experiments were carried out based on the factorial experiment by randomized complete design with five replications. 40 seeds of each variety were put in contact with 5 pairs of bruchids. Results: The results show that the four cowpea varieties evaluated have different physical characteristics of the seeds. This variability would play an important role in inducing the ovipositional response of C. maculatus females. However, it is not enough on its own to explain the various degree of susceptibility to C.maculatus infestations. There was a positive perfect correlation between the number of adult emergence, growth index, weight loss, number of holes and Dobie susceptibility index. Also, BR-1 was found to be more resistant to C. maculatus followed by Lori-niébé, Vya and least resistance was observed in the Borno brown. The multiple regression analysis reveals that there is a negative relationship between mortality rate of developmental stages, weight loss, F1 offspring production, and seed susceptibility. Conclusion: The physical characteristics of the four cowpea varieties tested to affect the susceptibility of the grain to beetle attacks. A number of adult emergence, growth index, weight loss, and susceptibility index are the main indicators for the resistance of cowpea to C. maculatus damage. An analysis of the amino acids contained in the BR-1 is recommended for the introgression of its resistance alleles in susceptible varieties.

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