scholarly journals Biological and Molecular Evidence for the Existence of Bruchid Ecotypes in the Nigerian Cowpea Ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
LEN Jackai
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
African Yam Bean ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Different Populations

The oviposition, growth and development of six populations of Callosobruchus maculatus (IT, PH, UM, MD‐1, MD‐2, MD‐3) from different localities in Nigeria were studied on a resistant (TVu 2027) and susceptible (Ife Brown) cowpea cultivar and four cultivars of African yam bean, Progenies obtained by cross‐mating individuals from the different populations were also studied.. Oviposition was highest in the MD insect beetle population and lowest in the UM population. IT and PH populations had the highest adult emergence and shortest development times on the resistant control. Genomic differences among bruchid populations were confirmed by the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting technique with PH population being the most distant. All progenies with IT as the female parent also had better emergence and shorter development time than their reciprocal crosses or those involving other populations, but this varied with the fitness of the male parent. The UM population averaged <10% adult emergence on TVu 2027 compared to 71.9 % on the susceptible control, but was better adapted to the AYB (66 % emergence) than were other populations. These results suggest possible existence of ecotypes, of this bruchid species in Nigeria with potentially important implications for the development and deployment of resistant cowpea varieties.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Susceptibility of the Seeds of Four Varieties of Vigna unguiculata against Callosobruchus maculatus Infestations

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mala Tankam C. M. ◽  
Kekeunou Sevilor ◽  
Olina Bassala J. P. ◽  
Nukenine Nchiwan E.
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Susceptibility Index ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Index Weight

Introduction: Post-harvest conservation remains a major challenge for most crops in developing countries. Among these is Cowpea one of the major legumes grown and consumed in the tropics and subtropics of countries. Callosobruchus maculatus infestations constitute are the most prominent threat for this particular crop. Objective: The present research aimed at evaluating the susceptibility of four cowpea varieties against infestations of C. maculatus. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the entomology laboratory of the cowpea section of the Regional Center for Agricultural Research of Maroua from November to December 2018. Methodology: The experiments were carried out based on the factorial experiment by randomized complete design with five replications. 40 seeds of each variety were put in contact with 5 pairs of bruchids. Results: The results show that the four cowpea varieties evaluated have different physical characteristics of the seeds. This variability would play an important role in inducing the ovipositional response of C. maculatus females. However, it is not enough on its own to explain the various degree of susceptibility to C.maculatus infestations. There was a positive perfect correlation between the number of adult emergence, growth index, weight loss, number of holes and Dobie susceptibility index. Also, BR-1 was found to be more resistant to C. maculatus followed by Lori-niébé, Vya and least resistance was observed in the Borno brown. The multiple regression analysis reveals that there is a negative relationship between mortality rate of developmental stages, weight loss, F1 offspring production, and seed susceptibility. Conclusion: The physical characteristics of the four cowpea varieties tested to affect the susceptibility of the grain to beetle attacks. A number of adult emergence, growth index, weight loss, and susceptibility index are the main indicators for the resistance of cowpea to C. maculatus damage. An analysis of the amino acids contained in the BR-1 is recommended for the introgression of its resistance alleles in susceptible varieties.

scholarly journals Perforation index assessment of cowpea seeds against cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae], infestation using Piper guineense

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayode David Ileke ◽  
Jacobs Mobolade Adesina ◽  
Luke Chinaru Nwosu ◽  
Abimbola Olagunju
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Seed Extracts

Abstract Background Powders and extracts of Piper guineense seeds and leaves were assessed for insecticidal activities against Callosobruchus maculatus in the laboratory at temperature and relative humidity of 29.6 °C and 75.9%, respectively. Bioactive compounds in P. guineense leaves and seeds were also investigated. The powders were tested at rates 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds while extracts were tested at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0%. Results Results of contact toxicity assay of the seed powder caused 100% adult mortality at 96 h post-treatment period whereas leaf powder evoked 90% adult mortality within the same period at concentration of 1.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds. Low adult emergence was observed on cowpea seeds treated with 1 g of seed powder with percentage adult emergence of 10.0% and inhibition rate (IR) of 97.5%. Beetle Perforation Index (BPI) obtained from treated cowpea seeds was significantly different (P < 0.05) from BPI of untreated seeds. Extracts of P. guineense seed were more toxic than seed powder. Piper guineense seed extract caused 87.5% adult mortality of C. maculatus while leaf extract caused 70.0% adult mortality within 24 h of infestation at concentration of 1%. Progeny development of C. maculatus was completely inhibited in cowpea treated with 2% and 3% leaf and seed extracts of P. guineense. β-Pinene was the most abundant active compound in P. guineense seed (55.6%) and leaf (48.4%). β-Phellandrene occurred 38.2% in seeds while Ocimene had the least value of 0.2% in seed and 0.5% in leaf. Conclusion The study showed that P. guineense seed powder and extracts were more effective than leaf powder and extract. Utilization of plant products as alternative to synthetic insecticides in protecting cowpea seeds against C. maculatus should be encouraged for enhanced food safety and security. Piper guineense is used as spice and medicine and interestingly safe for human use.

scholarly journals Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) finger prints evidencing high genetic variability among marine angiosperms of India

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 1307-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elangovan Dilipan ◽  
Jutta Papenbrock ◽  
Thirunavakkarasu Thangaradjou
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Seagrass Species ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Marine Angiosperms ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Identification Tool

In India 14 seagrass species can be found with monospecific genera (Enhalus, ThalassiaandSyringodium),Cymodoceawith two species andHalophilaandHalodulerepresented by more than two taxonomically complex species. Considering this, the present study was made to understand the level and pattern of genetic variability among these species collected from Tamilnadu coast, India. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to evaluate the level of polymorphism existing between the species. Out of the 12 primers tested, 10 primers amplified 415 DNA fragments with an average of 41.5 fragments per primer. Of the total 415 amplified fragments only 123 (29.7%) were monomorphic and the remaining 292 (70.3%) were polymorphic for Indian seagrass species. Among the 10 primers used four are identified as the key primers capable of distinguishing all the Indian seagrasses with a high degree of polymorphism and bringing representative polymorphic alleles in all the tested seagrasses. From the present investigation, this study shows that the RAPD marker technique can be used not only as a tool to analyse genetic diversity but also to resolve the taxonomic uncertainties existing in the Indian seagrasses. The efficiency of these primers in bringing out the genetic polymorphism or homogeneity among different populations of theHalophilaandHalodulecomplex still has to be tested before recommending these primers as an identification tool for Indian seagrasses.

Screening and Biochemical Analysis on Blackgram Genotypes for Resistance against Storage Pest Bruchine [Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ragul ◽  
N. Manivannan ◽  
K. Iyanar ◽  
N. Ganapathy ◽  
G. Karthikeyan
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Biochemical Components ◽  
Storage Pest ◽  
Confirmatory Trial

Background: Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] is a rich source of protein. It is one of the major crops essentially involved in daily human diets. However, storage pest bruchine [Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)] is a major production constraint for legumes. A research was formulated to assess the bruchine resistance in 20 blackgram genotypes along with the biochemical analysis to find out the active biochemical components responsible for the resistance activity.Methods: The experiment was carried out during August- October, 2019 at Entomology Laboratory, National Pulses Research Center, Vamban, India. The experimental material comprised of 20 blackgram genotypes which were screened for bruchine resistance. Further, confirmatory trial was conducted with selected resistant entries and highly susceptible entries during October- December, 2019. Both experiments were carried out in completely randomized design and replicated three times. GC-MS analysis on the resistant and susceptible entries were performed to ascertain the active biochemical components conferring resistance.Result: Among the genotypes, TU 68 had comparatively late developmental time (days), less number of adult emergence, higher mean developmental period (days), less susceptibility index, less seed damage (%) and less seed weight loss (%). Genotype TU 68 was found to be resistant in the confirmatory trial also. Less number of adult emergence and higher mean developmental period indicated the delayed developmental period which is a mechanism of bruchine resistance. GC-MS analysis on resistant (TU 68) and susceptible (MDU 1) genotypes indicated the presence of active biochemical compounds with insectifuge activity in TU 68. Hence, TU 68 could be utilized in the hybridization programmeas donor for bruchine resistance.

scholarly journals Potentials of Cow Dung Ash as Protectants of Cowpea Seeds against Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. p128
Author(s):  
Mohammed Suleiman ◽  
Fatima M. Haruna
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Different Doses

Experiments were conducted to assess the protectant ability of cow dung ash (CDA) to cowpea seeds against Callosobruchus maculatus F. under laboratory conditions of 50-65% R.H and 28-32oC. The CDA at different rates of 0.625, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, 10.00% (w/w) incorporated with cypermethrin powder at 0.625% were applied to 20 g of cowpea seeds in petri dishes. None of the ashes or cypermethrin was added to the control. Ten beetles were introduced into each of the petri dishes and covered with muslin cloth. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. Effects of the treatments on adult mortalities as well as median lethal dose (LD50) of CDA against C. maculatus were determined. Adult emergence and weight losses in seeds treated with CDA at different doses were assessed. Findings of the study revealed that the adult mortality of C. maculatus among different CDA treatments differed significantly (p < 0.05) and ranged from 13.33 to 100.00% 72 hours after treatment (HAT). Results of the study also showed that LD50 of CDA against C. maculatus at 24 hours after treatment (HAT) was 5.51 % (w/w). No adults emerged from the treated seeds and weight losses were observed in those treated with the lowest dose and the control only. Therefore, CDA could be utilized to protect cowpea seeds from C. maculatus infestations during storage.

Segregation of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers and strategies for molecular mapping in tetraploid alfalfa

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 844-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Yu ◽  
K. P. Pauls
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Double Reduction ◽  
Chromatid Segregation

An F1 population was used to analyze the inheritance of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in tetraploid alfalfa. Of the 32 RAPD markers that were used for a segregation analysis in this study, 27 gave ratios that are consistent with random chromosome and random chromatid segregation at meiosis. However, among all of the RAPD markers (121) that were screened in this study, only one example of a double reduction, that is typical of chromatid segregation, was observed. These results indicate that random chromosome segregation is likely the predominant but not the exclusive mode of inheritance for tetraploid alfalfa. χ2 analyses of cosegregation for RAPD marker pairs derived from the female parent revealed nine linkages that fell into four linkage groups. The recombination fractions among linked marker pairs ranged from 1 to 37%. These are the first molecular linkage groups reported in tetraploid alfalfa. In addition, various strategies for molecular mapping in the tetraploid alfalfa genome are proposed that should be of interest to plant breeders who are planning to use molecular markers for alfalfa or other tetraploid species.Key words: RAPD markers, tetraploid alfalfa, segregation, linkage groups.

Molecular typing of the Legionella pneumophila population isolated from several locations in a contaminated water network

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-S. Lepeuple ◽  
M. Jovic ◽  
M.-R. de Roubin
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Rapd Pattern ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Key Steps

The RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) technique has been developed for the molecular typing of Legionella in order to characterise the populations of hot water systems. During this study, 22 primers were tested and the four most informative ones were selected. The optimisation of the PCR conditions allowed the setting up of a powerful discriminative genotyping method. Moreover, the definition of a quality management method allowed definition of the key steps and the number of replicates to ensure reproducibility of the RAPD pattern. The RAPD was used to study the hot water network of a building. Legionella colonies (91) were isolated from seven locations and genotyped. The diversity of the population in one sample could vary from one to seven different strains. The study of the traceability showed that, in most of the cases, different populations could be present at different locations of the same network.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL AND BROMATOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COWPEA VARIETIES PREFERRED BY Callosobruchus maculatus (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE) 1

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-522
Author(s):  
GLAUCE PORTELA DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
DRYELLE SIFUENTES PALLAORO ◽  
ELISANGELA CLARETE CAMILI ◽  
ÂNDREA CARLA DALMOLIN
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Bean Seed ◽  
Storage Unit ◽  
High Protein Content ◽  
Cowpea Varieties

ABSTRACT Cowpea is an herbaceous legume susceptible to several insects and diseases; and the beetle Callosobruchus maculatus is the main pest causing direct losses in the production of this crop. The objective of this work was to assess the physical and bromatological characteristics of beans of cowpea varieties (Bico-de-Ouro, BRS-Novaera, BRS-Guariba and BRS-Tumucumaque) preferred by C. maculatus. Adults of C. maculatus were obtained from a storage unit of cowpea beans. The physical and bromatological characteristics and attractiveness of cowpea beans to insects were evaluated in laboratory. The preferences for oviposition with no choice and attraction to cowpea beans by C. maculatus are not related to the high protein content or physical characteristics of the bean seed coat (thickness and fiber content), since the insects were more attracted to beans of the variety Bico-de-Ouro, which had low crude protein content, the thickest seed coat and high NDF content.

scholarly journals Assessment of Insecticidal Properties of Products From Seeds of Carica papaya Against Callosobruchus Maculatus (Fabricius)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Joy Ejemen Idoko ◽  
Bukola Mary Atere ◽  
Raphael Abiodun Adebayo
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Papaya Seed

Powder and ash of Carica papaya seed extracted from riped and unriped C. papaya fruits obtained from Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Technology, Akure were evaluated for their insecticidal potential against Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) at application rates of 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0g per 20g of cowpea seeds. The experiment was carried out at the pest management laboratory of the Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management under ambient laboratory conditions of 27±20C temperature and 70±5% relative humidity. Each treatment was infested with 5 pairs of C. maculatus. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design with each treatment replicated three times. Mortality of cowpea beetles were assessed at 24, 48 and 72hours post treatment. Thereafter data were collected on oviposition, adult emergence, weevil perforation index and seed germination. The results obtained indicated that adult mortality of C. maculatus increased with increasing application rates of powders and ashes of ripe and unripe C. papaya seeds. 100% mortality was observed on cowpea seeds treated with powders and ashes of unripe C. papaya seed at 0.8 and 1.0g application rates at 72hours post treatment. Powders and ashes of unripe C. papaya seed significantly reduced the oviposition potential of adult C. maculatus and caused significant reduction of damaged seeds. Highest number of seeds that germinated was recorded on the seeds treated with powders and ashes of unripe C. papaya seed at 0.8 and 1.0g application rates.

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