scholarly journals The Effect of Air Dried Leaf Powder and Burnt Leaf Ash of Different Plants on Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) on Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
O. F. Nnadi ◽  
C. C. Ononuju ◽  
E. A. Ikwunagu ◽  
C. C. Orikara
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Delonix Regia ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The effect of air dried leaf powder and burnt leaf ash of different plants on the control of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) on Okra was investigated in a pot experiment. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design with nine treatments each replicated four times. The treatments included: burnt leaf ashes and air dried leaf powders of Baphia nitida, Pentaclethra macrophylla and Delonix regia, a synthetic nematicide (Carbofuran 3G) and two control which included inoculated but untreated (control 1) and un-inoculated and untreated (control 2) pots. The plants were inoculated with 1000 nematode eggs (Meloidogyne spp.), two weeks after emergence. Three days after, the treatments were applied at the rate of 30 g each, while the synthetic nematicide (Carbofuran 3G) at 3 g/per pot. Parameters recorded were: plant height, number of leaves, fresh and dry shoot weights, fresh root weight, and number and weight of pods per plant as plant growth parameters. Number of galls, number of nematode eggs in roots and number of juveniles in soil as nematode parameters. Results obtained indicated significant differences among the treatments in most parameters recorded and compared to controls. Generally, results from air dried leaf powder of Baphia nitida and burnt leaf ash of Delonix regia were better and compared favorably with the nematicide treated plants.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Leaf Extract of Pawpaw (Carica papaya (L.)) in the Control of Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) in Garden Egg (Solanum melongena (L.))

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
I. Umar ◽  
M. B. Aji ◽  
A. Haruna
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Gall Index ◽  
Shoot Weight

The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica is one of the most important soil borne pathogen affecting Garden eggplant in Nigeria. The study was conducted in the Screen house of Department of Crop Protection, Modibbo Adama University of Technology in 2013 to evaluate the effect of (Pawpaw) Carica papaya leaf powder for the control of root-knot nematode M. javanica on Garden egg. The experiment consisted of five treatments replicated three times in a Completely Randomized Design in the screen house. C. papaya powder at different levels 50 g, 40 g, 30 g, 20 g and control which received no treatment were incorporated into fifteen  (15) separate pots of 20cm diameter containing 4 kg sterilized soil. Data collected on plant height (cm), number of leaves, fresh shoot weight (g), fresh root weight, dry root weight (g), gall index and final nematode population. The result indicated that Garden eggplant amended with 50 g C. papaya recorded higher growth parameters, plant height (33.75 cm), number of leaves (29.00), fresh shoot weight (145.40 g), gall index (1.33) and the least final nematode population (160.50), whereas the control recorded the least growth parameters, plant height (10.20cm), number of leaves (9.33), fresh shoot weight (9.76 g) and highest gall index (5.0) and final nematode population (1063.87). It can then concluded that Carica papaya powder when used as an amendment was effective in controlling M. javanica in garden egg under screenhouse and has the potential for use as a nematicide in the future. This study recommends that C. papaya leaf powder should be put to field trials to ascertain its efficacy in controlling M. javanica on garden egg.

scholarly journals How Do Foliar Application of Melatonin and L-Tryptophan Affect Lettuce Growth Parameters Under Salt Stress?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 960-964
Author(s):  
Fatih Hancı ◽  
Gizem Tuncer
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
External Application ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Lettuce Growth ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous Melatonin (100, 300 and 500 µM) and L-tryptophan (125, 250, 375 ppm) applications on some growth parameters of lettuce plants grown under salt stress. The study was carried out under semi-controlled greenhouse conditions in spring (March/April) season. The exogenous applications to lettuce plants were carried out two times as foliar spraying. Salt stress was generated by adding NaCl (0 mM, 100 mM, 200 mM) to irrigation water. The complete randomized design was used with three replications in this experiment. At the end of the study, it was found that the highest doses of exogenous applications had the highest effect on the parameters of the number of leaves, salinity necrosis, fresh leaf weight, fresh root weight, and total surface area of lettuce plants under 200 mM salinity condition. When the effects of the subtract on these values were compared, the effect of melatonin was found to be more pronounced. Leaf width, leaf length, and leaf surface temperature values were not affected by the external application. These values only changed depending on salt concentration. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the application of 500 µM melatonin significantly increased salt tolerance in lettuce plants. However, in order to reach a more general conclusion, the dose ranges and genotype/variety numbers should be increased.

scholarly journals Comparative study of impact of Azotobacter and Trichoderma with other fertilizers on maize growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Mahato ◽  
Srijana Neupane
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Shoot Weight

Biofertilizers may be a better eco-friendly option to maintain soil fertility. The study was conducted to investigate the effect of Azotobacter and Trichoderma on the vegetative growth of maize (Zea mays L.) plants. The experiment was carried out in medium sized pots, at IAAS, Lamjung (Feb 2017 - May 2017) in completely randomized design (CRD), consisting eight treatments and three replications. Treatments were namely T1 (control), T2 (Azotobacter), T3 (Trichoderma), T4 (Azotobacter + Trichoderma), T5 (NPK), T6 (Azotobacter + Trichoderma + FYM), T7 (Azotobacter + Trichoderma + FYM + NPK), T8 (FYM). Azotobacter showed a positive increase in plant height, stem girth, dry shoot weight, root length and width, and root weight while Trichoderma displayed either negative or minimal impact. Effect of FYM was lower than Azotobacter but considerably higher than Trichoderma. Trichoderma seriously inhibited the expression of Azotobacter when used together. Trichoderma even suppressed the outcome (except shoot weight) of FYM when used together. Root length was the longest in Azotobacter inoculation. The highest number of leaves was in T7 followed by Azotobacter (T2) and NPK (T5). Unlike leaf width, Azotobacter showed a negligible increase in leaves length while Trichoderma wherever present showed the negative impact. Minimum chlorophyll content was found in Azotobacter or Trichoderma after 73 days. Azotobacter treatment showed early tasseling than Trichoderma. The association of Azotobacter and Trichoderma increased the biomass. Azotobacter has significant effects on growth parameters of maize and can supplement chemical fertilizer, while Trichoderma was found to inhibit most of the growth parameters.

Resistance in Mungbean Against Meloidogyne incognita and its Impact on Nodulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narpinderjeet Kaur Dhillon ◽  
Rohit Kumar ◽  
Sukhjeet Kaur ◽  
Anupam Anupam ◽  
Asmita Srari
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Kharif Season ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Mungbean is an economically as well as nutritionally enriched crop. Of the different soil borne pathogens attacking mungbean, root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) is an important pathogen affecting growth and production of mungbean. It is grown in summer as well as in kharif season. The germplasm of mungbean of two seasons’ viz., summer and kharif was screened to identify new sources of resistance against root knot nematode, M. incognita. In addition to screening; studies were also conducted on the impact of root knot nematode infestation in roots on nodulation character of mungbean and growth parameters. Of the sixty three genotypes evaluated in summer, seven were found to be moderately resistant. In kharif season, only three genotypes were found to be moderately resistant. M. incognita infestation was also observed to affect the plant growth parameters as well as nodulation on roots of mungbean genotypes. Comparatively, better plant growth and higher nodulation was observed in moderately resistant genotypes as compared to the susceptible ones. The ten identified moderately resistant genotypes from two seasons can be a useful source in breeding programmes for developing cultivars to manage root knot nematode.

scholarly journals Resistance to the Peanut Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria) in Arachis hypogaea1

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Corley Holbrook ◽  
James P. Noe
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Fresh Root

Abstract The peanut root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 1] causes significant economic losses throughout the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production area of the southern United States. Chemicals for control of this pest are becoming increasingly limited, and there are no known sources of resistance within the U. S. A. hypogaea collection. The objectives of this research were to screen 1,321 plant introductions for resistance or hypersusceptibility based on egg-mass ratings in greenhouse tests and to conduct more intensive greenhouse studies of selected genotypes to evaluate this method for identifying resistance to the peanut root-knot nematode. Twenty-seven genotypes with low and eight genotypes with high egg-mass ratings were selected and reevaluated in a more intensive greenhouse experiment. Seventeen of the low selections supported fewer (P≤0.05) egg masses, and seven supported less egg production per gram of fresh root weight than Florunner. Three selections for high egg-mass ratings supported more nematode eggs per plant than the cultivar Florunner and had a greater host efficiency. One of these genotypes supported more nematode eggs per gram of fresh root weight than Florunner. These results show that resistance to M. arenaria exists in the cultivated peanut species and can be selected by rating egg-mass production on greenhouse-grown plants.

EARLY INDUCTION OF SPROUTING ON SEED TUBERS OF YAM (Dioscorea spp.) SOON AFTER TUBER INITIATION IN A HYDROPONICS SYSTEM

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. AWOLOGBI ◽  
E. I. HAMADINA
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Tuber Formation ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Tuber Development ◽  
Tuber Dormancy ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

SUMMARYProlonged inability of yam tubers to sprout/germinate is associated with the expression of tuber dormancy, and the start of dormancy in tubers is linked to the onset of tuber formation. Although the plant hormone, abscisic acid (ABA) is known to regulate the onset and maintenance of dormancy in tubers, there are no known method(s) of inducing shoot growth (sprouting) on seed yam tubers that are harvested at 240 days after vine emergence or earlier. Therefore, this study was conducted to: (1) determine whether the absorption of fluridone, a reputed ABA inhibitor, prior to or during early seed yam tuber formation would induce sprouting, and (2) determine the effect of fluridone on early shoot growth. The study was a 2×4 factorial experiment arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eight treatment combinations replicated three times. Two species of yam with long dormancy durations were used: D. rotundata var TDr 131 and D. alata var TDa 98/01166; and three concentrations of fluridone were tested (30, 50, 100 µM). Young plants (69 days after vine emergence) of TDr 131 and TDa 98/01166 were grown in a coco coir medium hydroponics system using Hoagland's Nutrient Solution, with or without the test fluridone concentrations. In all fluridone treatments, most leaves of both species of yam had 30–90% of their surface bleached while the stems appeared purplish. In both Controls, all the newly formed seed tubers that were harvested at 90 and 104 days after vine emergence were dormant (devoid of any new shoots/sprouts). In contrast, over 70% of the seed tubers that developed in 30 and 100 µM fluridone had at least one new shoot, particularly in TDa 98/01166. The fluridone treatments did not significantly affect tuber weight or vegetative growth parameters like dimensions and number of leaves. This study has shown that the duration from vine emergence of the old tuber to sprouting of the new tuber can be reduced by more than half if young plants absorbed fluridone during early tuber development.

scholarly journals Response of Rice (Oryza sativa) to the Application of Manganese in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Friday Ibrahim ◽  
S.I. Anebi ◽  
P. Michael Alogakho
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The University ◽  
Dry Matter Weight ◽  
Yield Decrease

A pot experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Agriculture Makurdi to determine the effect of manganese fertilizer on the growth and yield of rice. Treatment consists of five levels of Manganese (Mn) (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 kg ha-1) in form of MnSO4. The treatments were laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. The effect of Mn on the growth of rice indicate that there were no significant difference in the growth parameters measured with the exception of plant height at 8 weeks after planting and number of tillers at 4 weeks after planting. The tallest plants and highest number of tillers were obtained with 10 kg ha-1 Mn. The effect of Mn on the yield of rice indicate that there was a significant difference in the yield parameters measured with the exception of number of grain per panicle and root weight at 4 weeks after planting. Manganese at the rate of 10 kg ha-1 gave the highest grain yield (2,667 kg ha-1) and highest dry matter weight. Levels of Mn above 10 kg ha-1 led to yield decrease, therefore application of 10 kg ha-1 Mn was recommended for optimum yield of rice.

scholarly journals Influence of Composted Substrate Types on the Growth Performance of Sour Sop (Annona muricata)

2020 ◽  
pp. 243-249
Author(s):  
O. A. Onawumi ◽  
A. I. Oluwaponle ◽  
N. C. Isienyi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Probability Level ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Screen House ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Substrate Types

The increasing demand for the “Miracle Tree”, Annona muricata, also known as Sour sop has led to the need for increased production. However, the importance of appropriate growing media for the propagation of this seedling cannot be over emphasized. This experiment was conducted in 2019 at the screen house of the Soil and Tree Department of Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Oyo State to evaluate the effect of different composted media on the growth Annona muricata L (Sour sop). The experiment was laid out in Complete Randomized Design with sixteen (16) treatments and three replicates. Data on growth parameters were collected and analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at 5% probability level. It was observed that treatment A2 (80: 20; soil: OF; v/v) performed significantly higher in, number of leaves, plant height and stem girth followed by treatment A3 (60:40; soil: OF; v/v). This study concluded that the growing media or treatment A2 (80: 20; soil: OF; v/v) was optimum for the growth of Annona muricata.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SOIL OXIDO-REDUCTION STATUS ON AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF RICE ON TWO TEXTURALLY DIFFERENT SOILS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Dayo-Olagbende, G.O. ◽  
Ogunleye B.A ◽  
Unabor E.
Keyword(s):  
Redox Potential ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Rule Number ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Set Up ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Different Soils

The production of rice has its own requirements like other crops, among these requirements include the various soil reactions like acid-base reaction and redox reaction. The experient was set up to determine the effect of different oxido-reduction status of soil on rice performance. The trial was a 3x2x2 factorial experiment laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. The variables included 3 levels of organic matter from poultry source (0t/ha, 6t/ha and 8t/ha), two levels of NPK 15-15-15 fertilizers (0kg/ha and 200kg/ha) and two watering regimes (Field capacity and waterlogged) this gave rise to twelve treatments and four redox status (oxidized, moderately reduced, reduced and highly reduced). Redox potential was measured using a redox potential meter, growth parameters of rice collected included plant height measured with tape rule, number of leaves and number of tillers which were counted. Yield parameters collected includes 1000 grain weight and grain yield measured with a electrical weighing balance. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance using SPSS version 17 and means were separated using Tukey HSD. Results from the result indicated that rice performance was best under highly reduce and moderately reduced soils.

scholarly journals Ketahanan tiga klon jahe (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) terhadap penyakit layu bakteri (Ralstonia solanacearum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Yulia Fista Fauzia ◽  
Suhartiningsih Dwi Nurcahyanti
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Red Ginger ◽  
Development Center

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) Is one type of rhizome plant commonly used as a medicinal plant or spice. The rhizome is aromatic and has a distinctive odor used by the community to be used as spices, cooking ingredients and medicinal sources. So far the results of ginger production have not been able to meet people's consumption needs due to a decrease in ginger production at the main ginger development center (West Java). One of the main constraints of ginger cultivation is the attack of bacterial wilt disease caused by the bacterium R. solanacearum. One effort that can be done in tackling bacterial wilt in ginger plants is by using clones that are resistant to bacterial wilt disease of R. solanacearum. The experimental design was carried out using factorial Completely Randomized Design, using ginger clones and the application of R. solanacearum bacteria. This design consists of 6 treatments and 4 replications. Each replication unit consists of 4 plants, so the total number of plants used is 96 plants. The experimental results were analyzed using regression correlation analysis on the parameters of disease progression, while on plant growth parameters using variance analysis and if there were significant differences then continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed red ginger clones including rather resistant criteria with a severity value of 25% while ginger empirical clones and elephant ginger clones were critically vulnerable with 75% severity values and 85.42%. Red ginger clones are more responsive to the infection of R. solanacearum bacteria so that the highest phenol content increases compared to other clones of 0.297 mg/ml, the phenol compounds that play a role in increasing plant resistance. In the variable growth of ginger emprit clone plants have a higher plant height and number of leaves compared to other clones, namely 43.83 cm and 15.44.

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