Antimicrobial Activity of Alcoholic Extracts of Medicinal Plants against Phytopathogenic Fungi

Aims: This work aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of 14 alcoholic extracts of medicinal plants on the mycelial growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae, Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani. Those are fungi that cause diseases in Passiflora edulis. Study Design: With the obtained data the mycelial growth rate index (MGRI) was calculated, afterwards the analysis of variance was performed and the means were compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. Place and Duration of Study: Plant Pathology Laboratory, Embrapa Eastern Amazon, Belém, Pará, Brazil, between May 2014 and April 2015. Methodology: The extracts were prepared with 1.0 g of powdered plant material and 10 mL of commercial ethyl alcohol 92.8º (0.1 g mL-1) under constant agitation in an orbital shaker at 200 rpm for 20 minutes. They were then kept in the refrigerator for 24 hours at rest. The extracts were centrifuged and filtered on Millipore membranes with 0.22 µm porosity. The tests with the phytopathogenic fungi were carried out in vitro with the alcoholic extracts at 1% concentration. The experimental design was completely randomized with 15 treatments and 5 replicates. Results: All the extracts reduced the growth of the fungi C. gloeosporioides. The extracts the Eucalyptus angulosa, Lippia alba, Zingiber officinale, Cymbopagon citratus, Azadirachta indica, Plectranthus barbathus, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Aloe vera, Pedilanthus tithymaloides, Mansoa alliacea and Chenopodium ambrosioides reduced the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae. Only the extract of E. angulosa presented reduction in the growth of F. solani. Meanwhile the extracts of E. angulosa, Z. officinale, L. alba, M. alliacea and P. barbathus reduced the mycelial growth of R. solani. Conclusion: All extracts presented antimicrobial potential, being that the extract of E. angulosa reduced the mycelial growth of all the evaluated fungi.

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In vitro antifungal potential of plant extracts against Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina.

Annals of Plant Sciences ◽

10.21746/aps.2017.9.2 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (9) ◽

pp. 1676 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ramaraju Cherkupally ◽

Srinivasa Reddy Kota ◽

Hindumathi Amballa ◽

Bhumi Narasimha Reddy

Keyword(s):

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Aloe Vera ◽

Datura Stramonium ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Calotropis Procera ◽

Fungitoxic Effect

The antifungal activity of aqueous extracts of nine plants viz, Azadirachta indica, Parthenium hysterophorus, Momordica charantia, Allium sativum, Eucalyptus globules, Calotropis procera, Aloe vera, Beta vulgaris and Datura stramonium were assessed in vitro against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina, the soil borne phytopathogens. The assessment of fungitoxic effect was carried out by using three different concentrations i.e., 5, 10 and 20% against the test fungi, in terms of percentage of mycelial growth inhibition. The extract of A. sativum completely inhibited the mycelial growth of M. phaseolina at all the concentrations. The extracts of D. stramonium and E. globulus inhibited the mycelial growth of R. solani of 72%, and 70.7% respectively at 20% concentration, that of A. sativum, E. globulus and D. stramonium exhibited inhibition percentage of 63.3%, 61.8% and 61.1% respectively at 20% concentration on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae. The application of plant extracts for disease management could be less expensive, easily available, non-polluting and eco-friendly.

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In vitro fungitoxic potential of Lippia gracilis (Schauer) essential oil against phytopathogens

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.20.14.04.p2310 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 667-674

Author(s):

Kevison Romulo da Silva França ◽

Flavia Mota de Figueredo Alves ◽

Tiago Silva Lima ◽

Alda Leaby dos Santos Xavier ◽

Plínio Tércio Medeiros de Azevedo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Negative Control ◽

Growth Speed ◽

Randomized Design

This study evaluates the in vitro effects of Lippia gracilis essential oil on the mycelial growth of phytopathogenic fungi. Experiments were carried out using a completely randomized design to assess the effects of eight treatments. Five replicates were evaluated for each experimental group. The essential oil was incorporated into the potato dextrose culture medium and poured into Petri dishes. Treatments were comprised of different concentrations of the oil (0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2%), a negative control (0.0%), and two positive controls (commercial fungicides). The plates were inoculated with fungi including Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. musae, C. fructicola, C. asianum, Alternaria alternata, A. brassicicola, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae and were incubated for seven days at 27 ± 2°C. The following variables were measured to verify the differences observed among treatments: percentage of mycelial growth inhibition and index of mycelial growth speed. All concentrations of L. gracilis oil inhibited the mycelial growth of the fungal species evaluated. The complete inhibition was observed between concentrations of 0.0125 and 0.1%. Treatment with oil inhibited fungal growth with similar, or even greater, efficiency than commercial fungicides.. We recommend the development of in vivo tests to verify whether L. gracilis essential oil can protect against fungal disease in live plants.

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Secondary metabolites from endophytic Streptomyces aureofaciens CMUAc130 and their antifungal activity

Microbiology ◽

10.1099/mic.0.27758-0 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 151 (5) ◽

pp. 1691-1695 ◽

Cited By ~ 96

Author(s):

Thongchai Taechowisan ◽

Chunhua Lu ◽

Yuemao Shen ◽

Saisamorn Lumyong

Keyword(s):

Culture Filtrate ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Active Ingredients ◽

Streptomyces Aureofaciens ◽

Mass Spectral ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Fungal Growth Inhibition

Streptomyces aureofaciens CMUAc130 was isolated from the root tissue of Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Zingiberaceae). It was an antagonist of Colletotrichum musae and Fusarium oxysporum, the causative agents of anthracnose of banana and wilt of wheat, respectively. Evidence for the in vitro antibiosis of S. aureofaciens CMUAc130 was demonstrated by the zone of fungal-growth inhibition. Microscopic observations showed thickness and bulbous structures at the edges of the inhibited fungal hyphae. The culture filtrate and crude extract from this strain were all inhibitory to tested phytopathogenic fungi. The major active ingredients from the culture filtrate of S. aureofaciens CMUAc130 were purified by silica gel-column chromatography and identified to be (i) 5,7-dimethoxy-4-p-methoxylphenylcoumarin and (ii) 5,7-dimethoxy-4-phenylcoumarin by NMR and mass-spectral data, respectively. Bioassay studies showed that compounds (i) and (ii) had antifungal activities against tested fungi, and their MICs were found to be 120 and 150 μg ml−1, respectively. This is the first report of compounds (i) and (ii) from micro-organisms as active ingredients for the control of phytopathogenic fungi.

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In vitro Antifungal Activity of Plant Extracts, Hydrolates and Essential Oils of Some Medicinal Plants and Control of Cucumber Anthracnose

European Journal of Medicinal Plants ◽

10.9734/ejmp/2019/v28i430139 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Amanda P. Mattos ◽

Fabricio P. Povh ◽

Bruna B. Rissato ◽

Vítor V. Schwan ◽

Kátia R. F. Schwan-Estrada

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

In Vivo Test ◽

Activity Effect ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Aims: This study is aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity effect of the crude aqueous extract (CAE), hydrolate (HY) and essential oil (EO) of Corymbia citriodora, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon flexuosus and Curcuma longa against the phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria steviae, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Sclerotium rolfsii, and assess, in situ, the effectiveness of CAE of medicinal plants in reducing the severity of the cucumber anthracnose. Methodology: The EOs and HYs were obtained by hydrodistillation. The CAEs were prepared by the turbolysis method. Mycelial growth of the fungi was measured daily, by the diametrically opposite method. In the in vivo test, the CAEs were sprayed on the cotyledon leaves of healthy cucumber plants with three days after were inoculated with C. lagenarium. The severity of assessment of the disease was based on a scale of notes. Results: The medicinal plants studied showed antifungal activity against all or almost all pathogens. In general, treatment with CAE and HY of C. longa revealed the highest inhibition against the fungi tested. With the exception of the EO of C. longa, the other EOs showed total inhibition against all the fungi and in all the concentrations tested. Compared to control, in in vivo assays CAE of C. citratus presents a potential for control of cucumber anthracnose reducing the severity of the disease. Conclusion: The medicinal plants studied produce compounds associated with antimicrobial activity.

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Synthesis and antifungal activities of 3-substituted phthalide derivatives

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B ◽

10.1515/znb-2019-0110 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 74 (11-12) ◽

pp. 811-818 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lingling Fan ◽

Bilan Luo ◽

Zhongfu Luo ◽

Li Zhang ◽

Judi Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Antifungal Activities ◽

Structure Activity Relationships ◽

Structure Activity ◽

Mycelial Growth Rate ◽

Rate Method

AbstractIn order to obtain novel bioactive compounds with significant antifungal activities, two series of 3-substituted phthalide derivatives were designed and synthesized via reduction, bromine substitution, and etherification. In addition, the antifungal activities of all target compounds against nine phytopathogenic fungi in vitro were tested by using the mycelial growth rate method at the concentration of 50 μg mL−1. Preliminary bioassay tests showed that some compounds exhibited more potent antifungal activities as compared with hymexazol. The preliminary structure-activity relationships (SARs) of all target compounds were also investigated.

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Medicinal Plants Used as Antitumor Agents in Brazil: An Ethnobotanical Approach

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2011/365359 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Joabe Gomes de Melo ◽

Ariane Gaspar Santos ◽

Elba Lúcia Cavalcanti de Amorim ◽

Silene Carneiro do Nascimento ◽

Ulysses Paulino de Albuquerque

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Plant Species ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Antitumor Agents ◽

Pharmacological Study ◽

Aloe Vera ◽

Traditional Healers

In this study, we describe the medicinal plants that have been reported to be antitumor agents and that have been used in ethnobotanic research in Brazil to answer the following questions: what is the abundance of plants reported to be antitumor in Brazil? Have the plant species used for tumor treatment in traditional Brazilian medicine been sufficiently examined scientifically? Our analysis included papers published between 1980 and 2008. A total of 84 medicinal plant species were reported to be used for cancer and tumor prevention or treatment; 69.05% of these were cited as being used for the treatment of tumors and cancer in general and 30.95% for specific tumors or cancers. The plants that were cited at a higher frequency wereAloe vera,Euphorbia tirucalli, andTabebuia impetiginosa. At least, one pharmacological study was found for 35.71% of the species. Majority of the studies selected were conducted in rural communities and urban areas and in areas with traditional healers in Brazil. We found the following molecules to be the most studied in vitro and in vivo: silibinin, β-lapachone, plumbagin and capsaicin. The species addressed here constitute interesting objects for future studies to various professionals in the field of natural products.

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Stepwise-Selected Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and B. subtilis Strains from Composted Aromatic Plant Waste Able to Control Soil-Borne Diseases

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10020030 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Massimo Zaccardelli ◽

Roberto Sorrentino ◽

Michele Caputo ◽

Riccardo Scotti ◽

Enrica De Falco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Aromatic Plant ◽

Growth Reduction ◽

Gene Sequence Analysis ◽

Reference Strains

In the present study, 133 bacterial isolates from 11 composted aromatic plant wastes were selected for their ability to inhibit the mycelial growth of the soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi Sclerotinia minor and Rhizoctonia solani. Successively, a subset of 35 from them were further characterized for their ability to control, in vivo, rocket damping-off caused by the two fungi. Moreover, the isolates were characterized for morphology of the colonies, Gram reaction, siderophore production, P-solubilization and for the presence of antimicrobial lipopeptide genes in the genome. The screening for the in vitro antagonisms showed a mycelial growth reduction ranging between 31.7% and 56.1% for R. solani and 34.4% and 59.4% for S. minor. All the isolates were not able to produce siderophores and some of them were able to solubilize P. The isolates contained two or more of the five lipoproteins coding genes investigated in this study. The most promising isolates were identified at species level by 16S-rRNA partial gene sequence analysis and were grouped in two main clusters related to Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens reference strains. Results indicated that Bacillus isolates from compost are good candidates for application in the biocontrol of cultivated plants.

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In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Satureja horvatii ssp. macrophylla Against 3 Tomato Phytopathogenic Fungi

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x211025165 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 1934578X2110251

Author(s):

Paraskevi Yfanti ◽

George Patakioutas ◽

Dimitra Douma ◽

Marilena E. Lekka

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Major Constituent ◽

Endemic Plant ◽

Antifungal Effect ◽

Endemic Plant Species ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Activity

The essential oil from the aerial part of Satureja horvatii spp. macrophylla, an endemic plant species of northwest Greece has been analyzed using GC-MS. Thirty-nine compounds were identified, among which carvacrol was the major constituent (46.8%). The antifungal effect of the essential oil was investigated in vitro against 3 phytopathogenic fungi of tomato, using fumigant and contact assays. Fumigant assay was more effective than contact assay against all phytopathogens. The essential oil inhibited completely the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (123 µL L-1 air) and Alternaria alternatα (100 µL L-1 air), while it significantly reduced the growth of Botrytis cinerea (91%).

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Preclinical Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Herbalism against Lipid Elevating Agents: A Review

Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal ◽

10.13005/bpj/2044 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1695-1707

Author(s):

Bushra Ansari ◽

Monika Singh ◽

Shalini Sharma ◽

Bushra Choudhary ◽

Mohseen Mohseen

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Poloxamer 407 ◽

Low Density ◽

Garcinia Cambogia

Abnormal increase in the level of more than any one of the lipoproteins such as triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL or VLDL in the bloodstream can be defined as hyperlipidemia. It is the greatest world is often overused so, use “the most significant” instead of the greatestrisk factor of coronary heart attack and stroke.This review emphasizes on some herbal medicinal plants with their extracts, including Glycyrrhiza glabra,Legenaria siceraria,Medicago sativa,Curcuma longa,Curatella americana, Glycine max, Hibisus rosa-sinesis, Hibisus sabdariffa, Cinnamomum tamala, Withania somnifera, Cassia auriculata, Cynaras scolymus, Eugenia jambolana, Adenanthera pavonia, Garcinia cambogia, Terminalia chebula, Ixora coccinea, Carica papaya, Lycimum barbarum, Bauhinia purpurea, Syzygium alternifolium, Vitex negundo, Piper longa, Moringa oleifera, Zingiber officinale, Trigonella foenum graecum, Carum carvi, Gloriosasuperba, Ficus infectoria, Ficus glomerata for anti-hyperlipidemic potential. Decrease in the levels of these lipoproteins like, triglycerides (TG), Total cholesterol (TC), Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)includes some mechanisms actions of these medicinal plants observed in triton-x, cholesterol, high fat diet, Poloxamer-407, Dexamethasone and alloxan-induced in-vivo and in-vitro models. Accordingly, this review provides numerous evidenceswhichindicatethat these medicinal plants can be usedfor treating and preventinghyperlipidemia and related complications.

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Endophytes of Brazilian Medicinal Plants With Activity Against Phytopathogens

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.714750 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Jucélia Iantas ◽

Daiani Cristina Savi ◽

Renata da Silva Schibelbein ◽

Sandriele Aparecida Noriler ◽

Beatriz Marques Assad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

High Performance ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Bioactive Natural Products

Plant diseases caused by phytopathogens are responsible for significant crop losses worldwide. Resistance induction and biological control have been exploited in agriculture due to their enormous potential. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial potential of endophytic fungi of leaves and petioles of medicinal plants Vochysia divergens and Stryphnodendron adstringens located in two regions of high diversity in Brazil, Pantanal, and Cerrado, respectively. We recovered 1,304 fungal isolates and based on the characteristics of the culture, were assigned to 159 phenotypes. One isolate was selected as representative of each phenotype and studied for antimicrobial activity against phytopathogens. Isolates with better biological activities were identified based on DNA sequences and phylogenetic analyzes. Among the 159 representative isolates, extracts from 12 endophytes that inhibited the mycelial growth (IG) of Colletotrichum abscissum (≥40%) were selected to expand the antimicrobial analysis. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extracts were determined against citrus pathogens, C. abscissum, Phyllosticta citricarpa and Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri and the maize pathogen Fusarium graminearum. The highest activity against C. abscissum were from extracts of Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum CMRP4328 (IG: 83% and MIC: 40 μg/mL) and Diaporthe vochysiae CMRP4322 (IG: 75% and MIC: 1 μg/mL), both extracts also inhibited the development of post-bloom fruit drop symptoms in citrus flowers. The extracts were promising in inhibiting the mycelial growth of P. citricarpa and reducing the production of pycnidia in citrus leaves. Among the isolates that showed activity, the genus Diaporthe was the most common, including the new species D. cerradensis described in this study. In addition, high performance liquid chromatography, UV detection, and mass spectrometry and thin layer chromatography analyzes of extracts produced by endophytes that showed high activity, indicated D. vochysiae CMRP4322 and P. stromaticum CMRP4328 as promising strains that produce new bioactive natural products. We report here the capacity of endophytic fungi of medicinal plants to produce secondary metabolites with biological activities against phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. The description of the new species D. cerradensis, reinforces the ability of medicinal plants found in Brazil to host a diverse group of fungi with biotechnological potential.

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