Phytochemical Screening and Betaxanthines of Pilosocereus catingicola (Gürke) Byles & Rowley Subsp. salvadorensis (Werderm.) Zappi (Cactaceae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Garcia Silva Nascimento ◽  
Ana Paula Pereira do Nascimento ◽  
Fabiana dos Anjos Barbosa ◽  
João Henrique Constantino Sales Silva ◽  
Alex da Silva Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Sodium Ascorbate ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Extractive Content ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Regional Fauna

In the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil, we find several cacti that are very important for the regional fauna and flora, including the “facheiro” (Pilosocereus catingicola (Gürke) Byles & Rowley subsp. salvadorensis (Werderm.) Zappi, a species that belongs to this botanical family and is widespread in the Paraiba semiarid region. The objective of this study was quantify and characterize the chemical constituents of the fruits and cladodes of Pilosocereus catingicola subsp. salvadorensis. The fruits were lyophilized and the samples were subsequently ground. A 2 gram aliquot of the lyophilized material was solubilized in 5 mL of 50% MeOH and 50 mmol L-1 of sodium ascorbate and distilled water. The extractive content was monitored by absorbance in a UV-VIS Meter® SP2000 (600 nm) spectrophotometer. Analyzes were performed using the SAS® Program (North Carolina, USA), version 9.2. The constituent groups identified on the stem were the phenolic and tannin groups: steroids, tannins, flavonoids, and saponins. Betalains are the group of alkaloids of greater expression in the fruits of this species, from which the betaxanthines are its main constituents, such as vulgaxanthin III, muscarine and dopaxanthin. Pilosocereus catingicola is a potential source of these metabolites in different parts of the plant, which, therefore, justifies encouraging the best employment of the species.

Pharmacognostical and pharmacological activity of Justicia gendarussa burm.f.: a comprehensive review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3384-3390
Author(s):  
Ashish ◽  
Anjali ◽  
Dixit Praveen K ◽  
Nagarajan K ◽  
Sahoo Jagannath
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Biological Action ◽  
Andaman Islands ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Different Parts

Justicia gendarussa Burm .f. (family Acanthaceae) which is also known as willow-leaves and commonly known as Nili-Nirgundi, it is very commonly found nearby to China and its availability is very common in larger parts of India and Andaman islands. Traditionally it is used to treat various sorts of disorders such as wound healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antiproliferative, anti-arthritic etc. Justicia gendarussa is one of the crucial herbs which has been used in the Ayurveda. Majorly leaves parts of the plant shows the pharmacological activity but the root of the plant Justicia gendarussa is also have the important medicinal values. A large variety of pharmacologically active constituents i.e., alkaloids, flavonoids, saponin, carbohydrates, steroids, triterpenoids, carotenoids, aminoacids, tannins, phenolics, coumarines and anthaquinones are also present in this plant and they makes the plant pharmacologically important. The activity of the plant is also dependent on the solvent which is used for the extraction the various vital chemical constituents. The different- different parts of the plants having the different medicinal values also differ in the chemical values. This review is not only focused on the essential phytochemical constituents which is available in the plant but it also explains their necessary medicinal value to shows the essential biological action and phytopharmacological actions of various parts of the plant.

scholarly journals Potential Application of Some Lamiaceae Species in the Management of Diabetes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Ninon G.E.R. Etsassala ◽  
Ahmed A. Hussein ◽  
Felix Nchu
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Diabetes is one of the most dangerous metabolic disorders, with high rates of mortality worldwide. Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been used in traditional medicine to treat many diseases, including diabetes and its related complications. Plants are widely accepted, affordable, and perceived to have minimal adverse side effects. The Lamiaceae family is a potential source of therapeutic agents for the management of metabolic disorders, including diabetes. Hence, this review paper summarizes the antidiabetic use of Lamiaceae species in folk medicine globally. Furthermore, we present the antidiabetic activities and phytochemical constituents of twenty-three (23) Lamiaceae species and the antidiabetic activity of some notable chemical constituents isolated from some of these Lamiaceae species.

scholarly journals Calibration of the maximum carboxylation velocity (Vcmax) using data mining techniques and ecophysiological data from the Brazilian semiarid region, for use in Dynamic Global Vegetation Models

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-351
Author(s):  
L. F. C. Rezende ◽  
B. C. Arenque-Musa ◽  
M. S. B. Moura ◽  
S. T. Aidar ◽  
C. Von Randow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Data Mining Techniques ◽  
Dynamic Global Vegetation Models ◽  
Vegetation Models ◽  
Global Vegetation

Abstract The semiarid region of northeastern Brazil, the Caatinga, is extremely important due to its biodiversity and endemism. Measurements of plant physiology are crucial to the calibration of Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs) that are currently used to simulate the responses of vegetation in face of global changes. In a field work realized in an area of preserved Caatinga forest located in Petrolina, Pernambuco, measurements of carbon assimilation (in response to light and CO2) were performed on 11 individuals of Poincianella microphylla, a native species that is abundant in this region. These data were used to calibrate the maximum carboxylation velocity (Vcmax) used in the INLAND model. The calibration techniques used were Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), and data mining techniques as the Classification And Regression Tree (CART) and K-MEANS. The results were compared to the UNCALIBRATED model. It was found that simulated Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) reached 72% of observed GPP when using the calibrated Vcmax values, whereas the UNCALIBRATED approach accounted for 42% of observed GPP. Thus, this work shows the benefits of calibrating DGVMs using field ecophysiological measurements, especially in areas where field data is scarce or non-existent, such as in the Caatinga.

scholarly journals Systemic acanthamoebiasis associated with canine distemper in dogs in the semiarid region of Paraíba, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria T.S. Frade ◽  
Luiza F. de Melo ◽  
Clarice R.M. Pessoa ◽  
Jeann L. de Araújo ◽  
Rafael A. Fighera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Microscopic Findings

Infections by free-living amoebae can cause systemic disease in animals and humans. We describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of disseminated acanthamoebiasis associated with canine distemper in three dogs of the semiarid region of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. Affected dogs developed progressive neurological and respiratory signs that progressed to death within in two to 20 days. Gross lesions were irregular and with yellow-reddish nodules randomly distributed in the lungs, heart, kidneys, spleen, lymph nodes, adrenals, and intestine. One dog had foci of malacia in the parietal cortex and another one in nucleus of brain basis. Histologically, pyogranulomas with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage in all organs affected were observed, associated with myriads of intralesional amoebic trophozoites. All three cases were concomitant canine distemper, that possibly triggered immunosuppression in the dogs. The diagnosis was performed through microscopic findings of infection by free-living amoebae and confirmed Acanthamoeba sp. by immunohistochemistry

scholarly journals Phytoplankton responses to an extreme drought season: A case study at two reservoirs from a semiarid region, Northeastern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Y. B. Oliveira ◽  
Cicero D. L. Oliveira ◽  
Ayanne J. G. Almeida ◽  
Alfredo O. Gálvez ◽  
Danielli M. Dantas
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Extreme Drought ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus

The temporal phytoplankton biomass variation at two Neotropical reservoirs during an extreme drought season were analyzed. Here we sought to evaluate the main abiotic factors involved in dynamics of phytoplankton during this drought period. The main difference between the reservoirs was the intensive fish and shrimp farming in one of the reservoirs. For quantitative analysis, sampling with bottles were carried out at an average depth of 0.5m. Water temperature, pH and electrical conductivity parameters were measured in situ and water samples were collected for dissolved inorganic nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus analyses. Aquaculture was probably one among the causes for the reservoirs were so different in the physical and chemical variables, as shown by the principal components analysis. The results showed specific groups dominance in both reservoirs. In the Cachoeira II reservoir, an invasive dinoflagellate, Ceratium furcoides, was present in all analyzed months, while, in the Saco I reservoir, cyanobacteria group represented more than 50% of phytoplankton biomass, mainly Microcystis aeruginosa and Dolichospermum sp. In two reservoirs precipitation, soluble reactive phosphorus and electrical conductivity were positively related with phytoplankton. Phytoplankton biomass was considerably larger in the Cachoeira II reservoir, due to the greater size and biovolume of the dominant dinoflagellate. These findings suggest that species dominance in extreme drought events may be favored.

scholarly journals Pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, pharmacology and clinical application of Ginkgo biloba

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-240
Author(s):  
Manisha P. More ◽  
Anuja S. Motule ◽  
Prajakta N. Dongare ◽  
Prerna A. Patinge ◽  
Rahul D. Jawarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Ginkgolide B ◽  
Pharmacological Profile ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Ginkgolide A ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Different Parts

In the present review, we are highlighted various pharmacognostic and pharmacological aspects of the different parts of plant Ginkgo biloba. Leaves are mainly potential source of phytochemical constituents. The plant encompasses variety of pharmacological activities namely antioxidant, hypolipidemic, antibacterial, etc. The pharmacological profile of plant is mainly attributed to the presence of chemicals such as Ginkgolide A, Ginkgolide B, Ginkgolide C, Bilobalide, Ginkgotoxin, ginkgolides and bilobalide are the major constituents. The pills with the highest concentration of plant extract (100 mg) allow the intake of the highest antioxidants concentration. It is also used along with 5-flurouracil in cancer treatment. There is need to explore more activities of the plant.

scholarly journals Chemical constituents and pharmacological action of Ocimum sanctum (Indian holy basil-Tulsi)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 205-207
Author(s):  
Sunita Verma ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
Botanical Description ◽  
Digestive Disorders ◽  
Prevention And Cure ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Holy Basil

The plant of Oscimum sanctum commonly known as “Tulsi”, belong to Lamiaceae family. It is an erect, much branched, fragrant and erected plant attaining a height of about 20-50 cm. Different parts of the plant are used in Ayurveda and Siddha systems of medicine for prevention and cure of many illnesses like cough, influenza, common cold, headache, fever, colic pain, bronchitis, asthma, hepatic diseases, fatigue, skin diseases, arthritis, digestive disorders. The present paper is an attempt to provide a detailed botanical description, taxonomy, traditionally used and various pharmacological activity study of the plant.

scholarly journals Proximate composition and phytochemical screening of coffee weed (Senna occidentalis ) leaves as phytobiotic additive in poultry diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
S. O. Omoikhoje ◽  
D. O. Obasoyo ◽  
S. E. Okosun ◽  
J. I. Uwaya ◽  
I. A. Adamu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Poultry Diets

The proximate and phytochemical screening of Senna occidentalis were carried out to assess some nutrients and phytobiotic properties of the leaves. The fresh leaves were thoroughly rinsed, sparsely spread on jute mat and dried at room temperature for 6 – 7 days until they became crispy, thereafter they were milled and subjected to proximate and phytochemical analyses. Data showed that the leaves had low moisture (9.35 9.35%), high crude protein (21.88 21.88%), crude fibre, crude fat, ash and nitrogen free extract (NFE) , of 19.72, 16.88, 9.70 and 22.47% respectively. The phytochemicals positively present were cardiac glycosides, phenols, flavols, flavonols and alkaloids, while saponnins were largely present. From the results, Senna occidentalis leaf meal can be a potential source of vegetable protein and some vital mineral elements as supplements to poultry feeds. Besides, the high levels of antioxidants and antimicrobial agents present in the sample which are known to promote growth by enhancing nutrient utilization, repair of worn out tissues and disease control could make Senna occidentalis leaves worthy of being a phytobiotic additive in poultry diets.

scholarly journals Constrictotermes cyphergaster (Blattaria, Termitidae) termite nests as substrates for lichen fixation in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-687
Author(s):  
A. M. Barbosa-Silva ◽  
L. A. Santos ◽  
M. E. S. Cáceres ◽  
A. Vasconcellos
Keyword(s):  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region
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