scholarly journals Rainfall in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Debajani Chakraborty ◽  
Mst. Mahbuba Khatun ◽  
Iftekharul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Condition ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Climatic Parameter ◽  
Maximum Fluctuation

Rainfall is the important climatic parameter on which the agriculture and economic condition of Bangladesh depends. For this reason, the scenario of rainfall throughout the country was illustrated briefly in this paper. Secondary data which were annual rainfall data of 34 stations were mainly used for this study, and these data were collected from BBS (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics) between 2007 and 2019. The data were analyzed and visualized with the aid of Excel. However, the highest rainfall almost 5944 mm was recorded in Sylhet during the year 2017, and the lowest was 792 mm in Rajshahi in 2010. On the contrary, the minimum fluctuation of rainfall was observed in Mongla, whereas, the maximum fluctuation was found in Sylhet.

scholarly journals Performance of TRMM TMPA 3B42 V7 in Replicating Daily Rainfall and Regional Rainfall Regimes in the Amazon Basin (1998–2013)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Michot ◽  
Daniel Vila ◽  
Damien Arvor ◽  
Thomas Corpetti ◽  
Josyane Ronchail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Rainfall Regimes ◽  
Trmm 3B42 ◽  
Good Agreement

Knowledge and studies on precipitation in the Amazon Basin (AB) are determinant for environmental aspects such as hydrology, ecology, as well as for social aspects like agriculture, food security, or health issues. Availability of rainfall data at high spatio-temporal resolution is thus crucial for these purposes. Remote sensing techniques provide extensive spatial coverage compared to ground-based rainfall data but it is imperative to assess the quality of the estimates. Previous studies underline at regional scale in the AB, and for some years, the efficiency of the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) 3B42 Version 7 (V7) (hereafter 3B42) daily product data, to provide a good view of the rainfall time variability which is important to understand the impacts of El Nino Southern Oscilation. Then our study aims to enhance the knowledge about the quality of this product on the entire AB and provide a useful understanding about his capacity to reproduce the annual rainfall regimes. For that purpose we compared 3B42 against 205 quality-controlled rain gauge measurements for the period from March 1998 to July 2013, with the aim to know whether 3B42 is reliable for climate studies. Analysis of quantitative (Bias, Relative RMSE) and categorical statistics (POD, FAR) for the whole period show a more accurate spatial distribution of mean daily rainfall estimations in the lowlands than in the Andean regions. In the latter, the location of a rain gauge and its exposure seem to be more relevant to explain mismatches with 3B42 rather than its elevation. In general, a good agreement is observed between rain gauge derived regimes and those from 3B42; however, performance is better in the rainy period. Finally, an original way to validate the estimations is by taking into account the interannual variability of rainfall regimes (i.e., the presence of sub-regimes): four sub-regimes in the northeast AB defined from rain gauges and 3B42 were found to be in good agreement. Furthermore, this work examined whether TRMM 3B42 V7 rainfall estimates for all the grid points in the AB, outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and water vapor flux patterns are consistent in the northeast of AB.

scholarly journals Climatologia da pluviometria do município de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Hudson Ellen Alencar Menezes ◽  
Raimundo Mainar de Medeiros ◽  
José Lucas Guilherme Santos
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Intertropical Convergence Zone ◽  
Atmospheric Dynamics ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Convergence Zone ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Urbanized Areas

<p>As variações nas precipitações refletem claramente a dinâmica atmosférica da região, marcada pela intensa variabilidade, onde se observa a atuação da Zona de Convergência Intertropical (ZCIT) com sua atuação entre os meses de janeiro a março, sendo esse período mais chuvoso. As variabilidades espaço temporal no comportamento das chuvas tem sido analisadas e diagnosticadas por vários autores no Nordeste do Brasil (NEB), portanto objetivou-se diagnosticar a variabilidade dos índices pluviométricos em Teresina no Estado do Piauí no período de 1913 a 2010. A análise do comportamento da precipitação nas cidades de grande e médio porte é de extrema importância para o gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos, uma vez que se trata de áreas densamente urbanizadas. Muitas vezes, sem uma estruturação urbana adequada, estas cidades se encaixam perfeitamente nesse contexto. Foram utilizados dados mensais observados e anuais de precipitação pluviométrica no período de 1913 a 2010, com 97 anos de observações. Os resultados mostraram a recorrência de valores máximos de precipitação anual dentro de um intervalo de 18, 11 e 8 anos. Na análise dos desvios-padrões, os resultados mostraram predominância dos desvios negativos em relação aos desvios positivos.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Climatology of rainfall in the Teresina city, Piauí state, Brazil</em></strong></p><p>Variations in precipitation clearly reflect the atmospheric dynamics of the region, marked by intense variability, where we observe the performance of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) with his performance in the months of January-March, this being more rain tem period. The timeline of rainfall variability in behavior has been analyzed and diagnosed by several authors in Northeast Brazil (NEB), so let's study this variability between the periods 1913 to 2010 of Teresina city.  The behavior of rainfall in cities large and medium sized is of utmost importance to the managerial of water resources, since it is densely urbanized areas. Often without adequate urban structures these cities fit perfectly in this context. We used observed monthly and annual rainfall data for the period 1913-2010, 97 years of observations. The results showed recurrence of maximum values of annual precipitation an interval of 18, 11 and 8 years. In the analysis of standard deviations, the results showed a predominance of negative deviations from the positive deviations.<strong></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em><br /></em></strong></p>

scholarly journals Architecture of Artificial Neural Network in Identification of Internal Dynamics and Prediction of Dynamic System Rainfall Data Time Series

2012 ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Karmakar ◽  
Manoj Kumar Kowar ◽  
Pulak Guhathakurta
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Dynamic System ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Global Minima ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Artificial Neural

The objective of this study is to expand and evaluate the back-propagation artificial neural network (BPANN) and to apply in the identification of internal dynamics of very high dynamic system such long-range total rainfall data time series. This objective is considered via comprehensive review of literature (1978-2011). It is found that, detail of discussion concerning the architecture of ANN for the same is rarely visible in the literature; however various applications of ANN are available. The detail architecture of BPANN with its parameters, i.e., learning rate, number of hidden layers, number of neurons in hidden layers, number of input vectors in input layer, initial and optimized weights etc., designed learning algorithm, observations of local and global minima, and results have been discussed. It is observed that obtaining global minima is almost complicated and always a temporal nervousness. However, achievement of global minima for the period of the training has been discussed. It is found that, the application of the BPANN on identification for internal dynamics and prediction for the long-range total annual rainfall has produced good results. The results are explained through the strong association between rainfall predictors i.e., climate parameter (independent parameter) and total annual rainfall (dependent parameter) are presented in this paper as well.

Profile of Violence of Women and Children in the COVID-19 Pandemic Period in NTB Province

EMBRIO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Kristin Kisid
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
The Family ◽  
Women And Children

The COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on the economic condition of the family which will directly contribute to the health condition of the family. The uncertain conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic could trigger violence, especially for women and children. The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of violence against women and children during the COVID-19 pandemic in NTB Province. This research is a type of quantitative research derived from secondary data. data on cases of violence against women and children were obtained from the results of reports from health centers, sub-districts, etc. that were collected in DP3AP2KB in 2020. Violence against women in NTB Province in 2020 increased by 26.05% from the previous year (2019). North Lombok Regency has the highest number of cases (140 cases) of violence against women that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Violence that occurs in adult women is dominated by physical violence (61.18%) and violence that occurs in children dominated by violence in the form of sexual, namely 40.1%. The highest number of sexual violence against girls was in East Lombok Regency at 22.7%.

scholarly journals Rainfall Trend and Its Relationship with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index in a Restored Semi-Arid Wetland of South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8919
Author(s):  
Florence M. Murungweni ◽  
Onisimo Mutanga ◽  
John O. Odiyo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Ecosystem Change ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Trend ◽  
Vegetation Productivity ◽  
Rainfall Trends

Clearance of terrestrial wetland vegetation and rainfall variations affect biodiversity. The rainfall trend–NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) relationship was examined to assess the extent to which rainfall affects vegetation productivity within Nylsvley, Ramsar site in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Daily rainfall data measured from eight rainfall stations between 1950 and 2016 were used to generate seasonal and annual rainfall data. Mann-Kendall and quantile regression were applied to assess trends in rainfall data. NDVI was derived from satellite images from between 1984 and 2003 using Zonal statistics and correlated with rainfall of the same period to assess vegetation dynamics. Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope estimator showed only one station had a significant increasing rainfall trend annually and seasonally at p < 0.05, whereas all the other stations showed insignificant trends in both rainfall seasons. Quantile regression showed 50% and 62.5% of the stations had increasing annual and seasonal rainfall, respectively. Of the stations, 37.5% were statistically significant at p < 0.05, indicating increasing and decreasing rainfall trends. These rainfall trends show that the rainfall of Nylsvley decreased between 1995 and 2003. The R2 between rainfall and NDVI of Nylsvley is 55% indicating the influence of rainfall variability on vegetation productivity. The results underscore the impact of decadal rainfall patterns on wetland ecosystem change.

A comparison of weather systems in 1870 and 1956 leading to extreme floods in the Murray–Darling Basin

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Jeff Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Murray Darling Basin ◽  
The Impact

This research is the extension of a project studying the impact of 19th century severe weather events in Australia and their relation to similar events during the 20th and 21st century. Two floods with the worst known impacts in the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB) are studied. One of these events which occurred during 1956 is relativelywell known and the Bureau of Meteorology archives contain good rainfall data covering the period. Additionally, information on the weather systems causing this rainfall can be obtained. Rainfall, flood and weather system data for this event are presented here and compared with a devastating event during 1870. Although archived Australian rainfall data is negligible during 1870 and there is no record of weather systems affecting Australia during that year, a realistic history of the floods and weather systems in the MDB during 1870 is created. This follows an extensive search through newspaper archives contained in the National Library of Australia’s web site. Examples are presented showing how the meteorological data in 19th century newspapers can be used to create weather charts. Six such events in 1870 are demonstrated and three of these had a phenomenal effect on the Murray–Darling system. The 1870 floods followed drought type conditions and it is remarkable that it was worse in many ways than the 1956 event which followed flood conditions in the MDB during the previous year. The events in 1870 caused much loss of life from drowning in the MDB in particular froman east coast low (ECL) in April 1870 and two Victorian weather systems in September and October 1870. In 1956, there were also record-breaking events especially during March when all-time record monthly rainfall were reported in New South Wales. Overall the greatest impact from flooding across the whole MDB was associated with the 1870 flooding. Analyses of heavy rainfall areas in the MDB showed a linear trend increase from 1900 to 2018. Analysing the same data using an 8-year moving average highlighted three peaks around the five highest annual rainfall years. The largest peak occurred around 1950 and 1956, the second largest around 1973 and 1974 and the third around 2010. Each of these 5 years occurred during negative phases of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) and positive phases of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). Studies have shown that the SOI is a climate driver in the MDB along with a persistent blocking high-pressure systems south of Australia along longitude 140°E with a low to its north. Three major blocking events with record rainfall and flooding in the MDB occurred in 1983, 1984 and 1990. Thiswas during the period 1977–1990 when blocking was conducive to heavy rain in the MDB and was coincidentwith a positive phase of the IPO, thus helping conflictwith the IPO–MDB heavy rainfall relationship. Persistent and unexplained middle level westerly winds kept subtropical Queensland clear of tropical cyclones during the negative phases of the IPO from 1999 to 2009 and during the 1960s, influencing low rainfall in the MDB during those periods.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Rainfall Variability over the Mountainous Central Pindus (Greece)

Climate ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanos Stefanidis ◽  
Dimitrios Stathis
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Rainfall Time Series ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Mountainous Catchment

In this study, the authors evaluated the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall over the central Pindus mountain range. To accomplish this, long-term (1961–2016) monthly rainfall data from nine rain gauges were collected and analyzed. Seasonal and annual rainfall data were subjected to Mann–Kendall tests to assess the possible upward or downward statistically significant trends and to change-point analyses to detect whether a change in the rainfall time series mean had taken place. Additionally, Sen’s slope method was used to estimate the trend magnitude, whereas multiple regression models were developed to determine the relationship between rainfall and geomorphological factors. The results showed decreasing trends in annual, winter, and spring rainfalls and increasing trends in autumn and summer rainfalls, both not statistically significant, for most stations. Rainfall non-stationarity started to occur in the middle of the 1960s for the annual, autumn, spring, and summer rainfalls and in the early 1970s for the winter rainfall in most of the stations. In addition, the average magnitude trend per decade is approximately −1.9%, −3.2%, +0.7%, +0.2%, and +2.4% for annual, winter, autumn, spring, and summer rainfalls, respectively. The multiple regression model can explain 62.2% of the spatial variability in annual rainfall, 58.9% of variability in winter, 75.9% of variability in autumn, 55.1% of variability in spring, and 32.2% of variability in summer. Moreover, rainfall spatial distribution maps were produced using the ordinary kriging method, through GIS software, representing the major rainfall range within the mountainous catchment of the study area.

scholarly journals Hydrologic impact of climate change on Murray–Hotham catchment of Western Australia: a projection of rainfall–runoff for future water resources planning

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 3591-3614 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Islam ◽  
M. A. Bari ◽  
A. H. M. F. Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Emission Scenarios ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hydrologic Impact

Abstract. Reduction of rainfall and runoff in recent years across southwest Western Australia (SWWA) has attracted attention to the climate change impact on water resources and water availability in this region. In this paper, the hydrologic impact of climate change on the Murray–Hotham catchment in SWWA has been investigated using a multi-model ensemble approach through projection of rainfall and runoff for the periods mid (2046–2065) and late (2081–2100) this century. The Land Use Change Incorporated Catchment (LUCICAT) model was used for hydrologic modelling. Model calibration was performed using (5 km) grid rainfall data from the Australian Water Availability Project (AWAP). Downscaled and bias-corrected rainfall data from 11 general circulation models (GCMs) for Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission scenarios A2 and B1 was used in LUCICAT model to derive rainfall and runoff scenarios for 2046–2065 (mid this century) and 2081–2100 (late this century). The results of the climate scenarios were compared with observed past (1961–1980) climate. The mean annual rainfall averaged over the catchment during recent time (1981–2000) was reduced by 2.3% with respect to the observed past (1961–1980) and the resulting runoff reduction was found to be 14%. Compared to the past, the mean annual rainfall reductions, averaged over 11 ensembles and over the period for the catchment for A2 scenario are 13.6 and 23.6% for mid and late this century respectively while the corresponding runoff reductions are 36 and 74%. For B1 scenario, the rainfall reductions were 11.9 and 11.6% for mid and late this century and the corresponding runoff reductions were 31 and 38%. Spatial distribution of rainfall and runoff changes showed that the rate of changes were higher in high rainfall areas compared to low rainfall areas. Temporal distribution of rainfall and runoff indicate that high rainfall events in the catchment reduced significantly and further reductions are projected, resulting in significant runoff reductions. A catchment scenario map has been developed by plotting decadal runoff reduction against corresponding rainfall reduction at four gauging stations for the observed and projected periods. This could be useful for planning future water resources in the catchment. Projection of rainfall and runoff made based on the GCMs varied significantly for the time periods and emission scenarios. Hence, the considerable uncertainty involved in this study though ensemble mean was used to explain the findings.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Inlet Drainase Jalan Poros Utama Kecamatan Kuala Kabupaten Nagan Raya

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-157
Author(s):  
Uswatun Hasanah ◽  
Eldina Fatimah ◽  
Azmeri Azmeri
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Design Flow ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
The Road ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
District Government ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Location Map

Nagan Raya District Government undertook the construction of roads, including the Poros Utama Road of Kuala Subdistrict. At the time of rain, in certain locations are still formed puddles above the surface of the asphalt. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the efficiency and duration of draining flow through the inlet on the road. The data required are the type, distance and dimensions of the existing inlet and the location map, the maximum daily annual rainfall data, cross and longitudinal sectional drawing. Calculations start by calculating the design flow of rainfall data processing. Furthermore, the calculation of the gutter flow as well as the efficiency and the inlet draining time. Based on calculations, the efficiency of the existing inlet in the form of a curb opening inlet is in the range between 4,93% to 6,51% with  0,64-3,92 minutes of draining time. This value indicates that the inlet on the road produces very low efficiency. Inlet is expected to drain all the water or 100% efficiency. The inundation disturbs the movement of the vehicle and affects the pavement resistance. Therefore, the flow of water above the road surface is expected not to create a puddle.

scholarly journals ANALISIS CURAH HUJAN BULANAN DI KOTA AMBON MENGGUNAKAN MODEL HETEROSKEDASTISITAS: SARIMA-GARCH

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-79
Author(s):  
Lexy Janzen Sinay ◽  
Ferry Kondo Lembang ◽  
Salmon Notje Aulele ◽  
Dominique Mustamu
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Monthly Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seasonal Rainfall ◽  
Volatility Clustering ◽  
Arch Effect ◽  
Data Form ◽  
Sample Data

Non-linear characteritics in rainfall allow volatility clustering. This condition occurs in Ambon City with seasonal rainfall patterns. The aims of this research are to find the best model and to forecast monthly rainfall in Ambon City using heteroscedasticity model. This research examines secondary data from BMKG for monthly rainfall data in Ambon City from January 2005 – December 2018. The data is divided into two parts. First part, is called in-sample data, consist of data form January 2005 – December 2017. Second part, is called out-sample data, consist data from Januari 2018 – December 2018. The research used SARIMA–GARCH to model the data. The results are the  is the best model and the residual model satisfied assumptions of normality, white noise, and there is no ARCH effect. The MAPE value in simulation using in-sample data is 0.73%. On the other side, the MAPE value of forecast results is 30%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document