scholarly journals Housing Situation in the Bamenda Urban Space, Challenges and the Way Forward

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Nformi Beatrice Maluh ◽  
Balgah Sounders Nguh ◽  
Jude Ndizifon Kimengsi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Housing Situation ◽  
Human Need ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
Science Standard ◽  
Housing Structures

Housing is a fundamental human need, until now, making sure that every person has access to good quality housing is a grave challenge facing Bamenda Urban Space. This paper seeks to examine the housing situation and challenges to housing development in Bamenda Urban Space. The study adopted the mix method approach which involves triangulation of quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. Primary data were obtained from field observations, interviews and questionnaires administered to households. Secondary data were obtained from relevant official documents, published and unpublished sources. Satellite imageries and ArcGIS were used to describe the pattern of growth in built-up areas between 1986 and 2019. Data from questionnaire was entered using Epi Data Version 3.1, analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science Standard version 21.0 and presented in the form of tables, figures, plates and maps. Findings on housing situation revealed that, although the housing structures has improved, the housing designs, technology and level of maintenance are still low. The irregularity and unreliability in water supply, electricity supply and waste management systems have turned most households to alternative sources with poor quality. Urbanisation and urban growth are occurring without a concurrent increase in housing supply resulting to congestion, deterioration of basic services, pollution, inaccessibility, social vices, lack of privacy, poor ventilation and natural disasters amongst others. The paper, therefore, calls for the rehabilitation and renovation of dilapidated housing structures, provision of basic services, construction of low-cost housing, encourage financial institutions to grant loans to real estate developers at low interest rate.

scholarly journals PUSAT KREATIVITAS ANAK DI PONTIANAK

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Adilla Chairiah ◽  
Lestari Lestari ◽  
Irwin Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Circular Shape ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Future ◽  
Human Need ◽  
Child Friendly ◽  
The Right

Children are the future successors of the nation who must be equipped with supporting knowledge and education. One of the factors that influence the development of children are children’s creativity. Creativity is important for children because creativity is useful as a human need to be creative, creativity allows children to express themselves and thoughts in solving problem and many more. Creativity activities in schools are limited, namely 4-5 hours due to strict curriculum (Kemendikbud, 2012). The facilities that support the development of children's creativity in Pontianak is quite limited. This condition shows that Pontianak needs facilities that support the development of children's creativity, namely the Child Creativity Center in Pontianak. The design method starts from identifying the problem by looking at the issues, data collecting consists of primary data and secondary data, and then the data is analyzed which produced pre design drawing. The emphasis on the design is child-friendly which includes aspects of safety, comfort, freedom and stimulates children's potential. This concept produces a mass building design with a circular shape that has been transformed. The use of the right colors, shapes, materials and dimensions is the core of the design of the Children's Creativity Center in Pontianak.

scholarly journals MEDIASI SEBAGAI UPAYA PENYELESAIAN PERKARA YANG BERSIFAT KOOPERATIF

GANEC SWARA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
I WAYAN SUWANDA
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Long Time

      It is estimated that the judicial system will not be able to meet the increasingly complex needs of society. This estimate is based on facts in the field. Dispute resolution through courts is considered too convoluted, takes a long time, and is inefficient for businesses that emphasize efficiency and effectiveness. Besides, the court's decision does not satisfy the parties. The principle of simple, fast, low-cost justice is still only a slogan.      Answering this problem, a study is conducted using the empirical normative legal research method with a study approach based on statutory regulations, conceptual approaches, and case approaches. Types and sources of data used in this study are primary data and secondary data with data collection techniques through document study and interviews, where the data obtained will be analyzed qualitatively deductively. Based on the results of research and discussion, it was found that mediation as a solution to the settlement of cases, both in court and outside the court, is cooperative

scholarly journals Pakan Alternatif dari Limbah Sayuran untuk Ikan Nila Hitam (Oreochromis niloticus) [ Alternative Feed from Vegetable Waste for Black Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)]

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Aisya Maulyna Santoso ◽  
Abdul Manan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soy Flour ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Alternative Feed ◽  
Freshwater Aquaculture

Abstract Tilapia (Oreochromis sp) is the one commodity that very popular in the public. Besides low cost, good taste, protein content is also high. Feed is an element that is very supportive in an aquaculture operations. The main raw material in the artificial feed is fish meal and soy flour because it has a high protein content but is relatively expensive so it needs an alternative feed material. The purpose of this study is improve knowledge and skilled about feeding alternative production of vegetable waste and its effect on the growth of black tilapia. Study was conducted in Freshwater Aquaculture Management Unit which located in Kepanjen District, Malang Regency, Province of East Java started from January 20th until February 14th 2014. Work method which used was descriptive method by collecting primary data and secondary data. The data was collected by active participation, observation, interviewing, and study paper. The process of making feed alternative vegetable waste composed by several stage is preparation tools and materials, counting materials, production additives, blending, mixing, fermentation, and storage. The results of the evaluation of growth black tilapia feeding vegetable wastes little slow because of the low protein content

scholarly journals Penyediaan Fasilitas Hunian di Perumahan KORPRI Salatiga: Realita dan Konsep Neighborhood Unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-260
Author(s):  
S Sunarti ◽  
Nany Yuliastuti ◽  
Wido Prananing Tyas ◽  
Dwi Putri Puspa Sari
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Housing Area ◽  
Neighborhood Unit ◽  
The City

KORPRI housing in Salatiga City is one form of providing low-cost housing to overcome the backlog problem for civil servants who do not yet have a home. Since it was built in 2014, until now not 100% development has been realized, especially in the provision of residential facilities. It is important for an environment to be able to provide services and provide adequate facilities to meet the needs for the survival of the occupants. This study aims to examine the physical environment of housing based on the provision of facilities in KORPRI housing, Praja Mulia, in the perspective of a neighborhood unit as a physical structuring concept of an ideal residential environment. The method used is quantitative by using descriptive analysis techniques. Primary data collection techniques are carried out by means of observation and interpretation of images, secondary data derived from documents and literature studies related to KORPRI housing development. The results showed that based on the concept of neighborhood units, as cheap housing, Praja Mulia Housing with a planned population of 1,380 inhabitants had non-ideal neighborhood unit facilities. The existing facilities are only open spaces in 3 locations (3% of the total housing area) and other public facilities that are still planned. Novelti of this research housing for civil servants do not use environmental unit theory but only pay attention to the house as objects (nouns) used for investment and commodity. This condition creates a burden and becomes a challenge for the city and the surrounding area in providing facilities and services for residents who are not served in their neighborhood units.

scholarly journals Socio-economic and health status of slum dwellers of the Kalyanpur slum in Dhaka city

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmuda Binte Latif ◽  
Anjuman Irin ◽  
Jannatul Ferdaus
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Slum Dwellers

This research was carried out to examine the socio-economic and health condition of slum dwellers of Kalyanpur slum area. The study was both qualitative and quantitative type. In quantitative approach, primary data were used and collected from randomly selected (68 respondents) slum dwellers in the Kalyanpur slum area. The secondary data were collected from journal papers, articles, books, official documents, thesis papers, daily newspapers etc. By analyzing the survey, it is seen that slum dwellers were deprived of basic needs. The study helps to identify the slum problems such as food and housing problems, poor sanitation condition, poor quality or no sewerage and drainage, inadequate educational facilities, lack of utility services like gas facility, electricity connection, piped water supply etc. From this study it is observed that every family live in a slum in unhygienic environment in poor condition. The slum dwellers work as garments workers (24.2%), household workers (13.7%), rickshaw pullers (19.2%), street hawkers, day labourers, masons etc. The range of household income of slum dwellers was about Tk 6,000 - 10,000 and they spent most of their money on food (61.39% of income). It was also seen that most of the slum dwellers were affected by various kinds of seasonal and waterborne diseases like fever, asthma, skin diseases, diarrheoa, jaundice etc. The study finds that poor socio-economic status and inadequacy of urban services has had an immediate effect on urban health specially the slum poor in metropolitan cities in the country.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 29(1): 73-83, June-2016

scholarly journals A IMPORTÂNCIA DA AGRICULTURA URBANA: um estudo sobre o programa Eco Hortas Comunitárias no município de Campos dos Goytacazes – RJ

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 51-68
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Nascimento de Oliveira ◽  
Erika Vanessa Moreira Santos
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Work Activity ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Municipal Law ◽  
New Jobs

A prática da Agricultura Urbana tem se otimizado e ganhado visibilidade nos últimos anos, tanto no campo das políticas públicas, quanto nos debates acadêmicos, principalmente quando se trata do acesso a uma alimentação saudável. Entretanto, esta atividade não se restringe apenas ao cultivo e produção de alimentos, pois possui uma gama de modalidades com funcionalidades distintas. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo expor a importância da agricultura produzida no tecido urbano, além de fomentar o debate acadêmico sobre a atividade laboral, entender de que forma este fenômeno está instituído no município de Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, sobretudo a partir das hortas vinculadas ao programa Eco Hortas Comunitárias, criado em 1990 por lei municipal. A metodologia adotada para a consecução do trabalho é qualitativa descritiva, com o levantamento bibliográfico, sistematização de dados secundários (IBGE e Prefeitura Municipal de Campos dos Goytacazes), levantamento de dados primários (agricultores urbanos, supervisores, técnicos) e análise dos dados e informações levantadas. Dessa forma, buscamos entender todo o processo de estruturação e a dinâmica socioeconômica desta atividade no município. Sendo um elemento de ocupação do solo que produz alimentos de qualidade, expansão de áreas verdes e criação de novos postos de emprego. Palavras-chave: Agricultura Urbana. Eco Hortas Comunitárias. Campos dos Goytacazes.   THE IMPORTANCE OF URBAN AGRICULTURE: a study on the Eco Hortas Comunitárias programme in the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes – RJ ABSTRACT The practice of urban agriculture has been optimized and gained visibility in recent years, both in the field of public policies and in academic debates, especially when it comes to access to healthy eating. However, this activity is not only restricted to the cultivation and production of food, because it has a range of modalities with different features. This research aims to expose the importance of agriculture produced in the urban space, and to promote the academic debate on the work activity, to understand how this phenomenon is established in the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, especially the From the gardens linked to the program Eco Hortas Comunitárias, created in 1990 by municipal law. The methodology adopted for the achievement of the work is qualitative descriptive, with the bibliographical survey, systematization of secondary data (IBGE and municipal Municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes), survey of primary data (urban farmers, supervisors, technicians) and analysis of the data and information raised. In this way, we seek to understand the whole process of structuring and the socio-economic dynamics of this activity in the municipality. Being a land-occupying element that produces quality food, expanding green areas and creating new jobs. Key Words: Urban agriculture. Eco Hortas. Campos dos Goytacazes.   LA IMPORTANCIA DE LA AGRICULTURA URBANA: un estudio sobre el programa Eco Hortas Comunitárias en el municipio de Campos dos Goytacazes – RJ RESUMEN La práctica de la Agricultura Urbana ha sido optimizada y ha obtenido visibilidad en los últimos años, tanto en el ámbito de las políticas públicas como en los debates académicos, especialmente cuando se trata de acceder a la alimentación sana. Sin embargo, esta actividad no sólo se limita al cultivo y producción de alimentos, ya que tiene una gama de modalidades con diferentes características. Esta investigación pretende exponer la importancia de la agricultura producida en el tejido urbano, y promover el debate académico sobre la actividad laboral, para entender cómo se establece este fenómeno en el municipio de Campos dos Goytacazes RJ, especialmente desde los jardines vinculados a la comunidad del programa Eco Hortas Comunitárias, creada en 1990 por la ley municipal. La metodología adoptada para el logro de la obra es cualitativamente descriptiva, con el estudio bibliográfico, la sistematización de datos secundarios (IBGE y Municipalidad de Campos dos Goytacazes), estudio de datos primarios (agricultores urbanos, supervisores, técnicos) y análisis de los datos e información planteados. De esta manera, buscamos comprender todo el proceso de estructuración y la dinámica socioeconómica de esta actividad en el municipio. Ser un elemento de ocupación de la tierra que produce alimentos de calidad, expandiendo áreas verdes y creando nuevos empleos. Palabras clave: Agricultura Urbana. Eco Hortas Comunitárias. Campos dos Goytacazes.  

scholarly journals PENERAPAN RESTORATIVE JUSTICE DALAM PROSES PERKARA TINDAK PIDANA PENGERUSAKAN DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN PERATURAN JAKSA AGUNG TENTANG PENGHENTIAN PENUNTUTAN BERDASARKAN KEADILAN RESTORATIF (Studi di Kejaksaan Negeri Pematangsiantar)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Sahat Benny Risman Girsang ◽  
Erni Juniria Harefa ◽  
Pondang Hasibuan ◽  
July Esther
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Public Prosecutor ◽  
The Public ◽  
Library Research

Settlement of criminal cases through restorative justice in stage two (2) or since the handing over of responsibility for suspects and evidence to the Public Prosecutor has been regulated in the Attorney General's Regulation No. 15 of 2020 concerning Termination of Prosecution Based on Restorative Justice. The legality of the application of restorative in Indonesia has been used in Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Justice System (SSPA) and the Circular Letter of the Chief of Police No. 8 of 2018 concerning the Application of Restorative Justice before the start of the investigation sent to the Public Prosecutor. a law enforcement in a slow direction because law enforcement is carried out at various levels from the Police, Attorney General's Office, District Courts, High Courts and even to the Supreme Court. In the end it has an impact on the accumulation of cases that are not small in number in court. The purpose of this study is to find out the application and problems that occur in the application of restorative justice through efforts to stop prosecution in the process of resolving cases of criminal acts of vandalism associated with the Attorney General's Regulation No. 15 of 2020 concerning Termination of Prosecution Based on Restorative Justice. This research is normative-empirical juridical using a case approach and a statutory approach. Data collection techniques using primary data are field interviews at the Pematang Siantar District Attorney and library research to obtain secondary data. Referring to the principle of fast, simple and low cost justice, PERJA No. 15 of 2020 concerning Termination of Prosecution Based on Restorative Justice has been accommodated, especially in cases of destruction by making peace between victims and suspects, and the peace process is carried out voluntarily, with deliberation and consensus, without pressure, coercion and intimidation. In this peace process the facilitator is the Public Prosecutor, this is because there is no interest and connection with the case, against the victim and the suspect. In the implementation of PERJA No. 15 of 2020, it turns out that there are many obstacles, including the lack of understanding among law enforcement regarding restorative justice, lack of infrastructure, and public misunderstanding.

scholarly journals AMIR-HASSAN COMPLICATED RELATIONSHIP

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hertiana Ikasari
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Exchange Theory ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

The Kite Runner presents new idea and color, namely complexity of conflict toward friendship (characters) and other conflicts that happened in Afghanistan during colonization and post colonization era. There are relationships at the heart of The Kite Runner. The friendship between the two main characters, Amir and Hassan and the relationship between father and son are of importance in the novel. The first important relationship in the novel is the one between Amir and Hassan. This relationship is very complex. The objectives of the study are to analyze complicated relationship between Amir and Hassan on The Kite Runner novel and to analyze Socio-Psychological perceived on Amir and Hassan relationship The writer uses qualitative descriptive research. The writer uses the primary data and the secondary data. The primary data source is The Kite Runner novel as the object of the research. The secondary data were taken from books and journal articles supporting the analysis of Amir and Hassan relationship. The result shows that the factors influencing the relationship are similarity, reciprocity of liking and positive quality. The similarity between Amir and Hassan are on three things: family background, preference and complex problem. Based on J.W Thibaut and H.H Kelley’s social exchange theory, Amir and Hassan have good outcome, because it comes from the high rewards and low cost. Finally the value of Amir and Hassan’s relationship is the tied and interdependence relationship. It is represented by the formula: Outcome > CL > CL ALT it means: satisfactory, stable and interdependence.   Keywords: Relationship, Socio Psychology, Social Exchange Theory, Satisfactory, Stable

scholarly journals The Role of the Supervision and Observation Judge on Guidance for Inmates

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-56
Author(s):  
Bunyamin Muhammad Yafid ◽  
Abd. Kahar Muzakkir
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Class I ◽  
District Court ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Legal Research

Judicial institutions, as law enforcement agencies in the Criminal Justice System, are a foundation of hopes for justice seekers, as based on Article 2 section (4) of Law No. 48 of 2009, regulates that “the Court is done simply, quickly, and at a low cost”. Therefore, this study aims to determine the implementation of the Supervision and Observation Judge's role and the obstacles that affect the Supervision and Observation Judge's performance in implementing Court Decisions in the Penitentiary. This study uses two types of research, namely normative legal research and empirical legal research. This research was conducted at the Makassar Class I Penitentiary and the Makassar Class IA District Court. The types of data used in this study include primary data and secondary data. The data that has been collected is then processed descriptively qualitatively. The results of the study concluded that the implementation of the role of the Supervision and Observation Judge in the implementation of the decision of the Makassar Class IA District Court at the Makassar Class I Penitentiary has not run optimally, because between The Supervision and Observation Judge and the Head of the Penitentiary rarely meet and discuss guidance issues for Inmates at the Penitentiary. The obstacles in implementing the role of the Supervision and Observation Judge at the Penitentiary include the problem of insufficient funds available for operational supervision and observation and the absence of special staff to assist the Supervision and Observation Judge in recording their Inmates. Therefore, more specific implementing regulations are needed to certify that the judgment is being properly executed and under the laws and regulations in Indonesia. Furthermore, there is a need for effective cooperation between the Supervision and Observation Judge and the Penitentiary Officers, who must always coordinate as one unit in an integrated Criminal Justice System.

A scheme to increase profitability in entrepreneurial SMEs

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Reynolds ◽  
Geoff Lancaster
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Entrepreneurial Firms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Results

PurposeThis article aims to demonstrate how small entrepreneurial firms can employ low cost market research techniques in the area of service evaluation to prioritise the sales effort, increase sales and improve margins.Design/methodology/approach“Triangulation” has been used. Secondary data included academic sources and internal company records. Primary data included exploratory depth interviews and group discussions, a questionnaire‐based survey and the construction of case studies.FindingsIt can be seen from the case study results presented that a customer service appreciation survey can yield useful and actionable information, which can be used creatively by entrepreneurs to bring about significant improvements in business performance in a short space of time.Research limitations/implicationsIt would have been better if more extensive data were available on customers to allow for more sophisticated quota sampling controls.Practical implicationsA model of small firm growth is discussed and the concept of crisis points in the early stages of the life cycle of small entrepreneurial firms is examined. The paper demonstrates how a low risk growth strategy, which minimises the possibility of the firm encountering a “crisis point”, can be chosen.Originality/valueThe content of the article is original in the sense that particular emphasis is placed on the concept of “leveraging.” The study shows that such a “leveraged”‐based scheme is particularly relevant in a customer multiple sourcing purchasing situation.

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