scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review and Perspective of Herbal Medicines in the Treatment of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-95
Author(s):  
Afrasim Moin ◽  
S. Meenakshi ◽  
Syed Mohd Danish Rizvi ◽  
Nanhi Nandini ◽  
Talib Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Direct Inhibition ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Approved Drugs

Background: An emergent COVID-19 outbreak originated in Wuhan City, in December 2019. The COVID-19 contamination has swiftly unfold from Wuhan to maximum different provinces and different 24 countries. WHO declared a public health emergency of global concern over this worldwide COVID-19 outbreak on 30th January 2020. Manifold research has been intensely initiated for immunization and drug development for COVID-19 till date no specific vaccine or approved drugs are accessible for COVID-19. Alternatively, therapy consists of supportive care and non-specific anti-viral, anti-malarial, and antibiotics are being testedas drugs for COVID-19. Though, novel approaches could play a crucial role to combat mortality rate and patient recovery in the treatment of COVID-19. Objective: To reveal the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and comparison of promising synthetic and natural drug targets to avert and cure of COVID-19. Method: This article sets a brief understanding of the viral characteristics, its life cycle, infection to humans, and the pathophysiology of the disease. It also throws light on the currently used synthetic medicines. we have reviewed the effect of natural products to prevent or treat COVID-19 infection. Their mechanisms of action have been elaborately discussed. literature research was undertaken using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and WHO website. The different herbal products (extracts) and their moieties which are promising as anti-SARS-CoV-2 by direct inhibition of the virus replication or entry has also been discussed. Results and Conclusion: In conclusion we have highlighted that natural therapeutics either alone or in combinationcould be used as alternative medicines to treat/prevent COVID-19 infection. Moreover, their structures may offer clues for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.The integration of nanocarriers for effectively delivering the conventional as well as the herbal drugs becomes a key point for their efficacy and safety.

scholarly journals AN EXHAUSTIVE REVIEW ON HERBS USED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Salman Mau ◽  
Shakir Saleem ◽  
Vishwadeepak Kimothi ◽  
Vineet Joshi ◽  
Sanjay Singh
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic disorders associated with disturbed hormonal secretion. Diabetes is characterized by high blood glucose levels over a prolonged period of time. High sugar levels are due to abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids which is caused by absolute or relative insulin deficiency. Herbal medicines have been the highly esteemed source of medicine throughout the human history. Herbs are becoming more popular today because of their least side effects, holistic beliefs, easy availability and low cost. Individual herbal products and formulations are gaining popularity because of their quality manufacturing using modern analytical techniques and standardized raw materials. Herbal drugs are widely used for the treatment of diabetes worldwide in various dosage forms. India has a long list of native herbal drugs with scientifically proven blood sugar lowering properties. The seeds of Nigella sativa, Olea europaea, fruits of Aegle marmelos, Momordica charantia, Coccinia indica, Nigella sativa,Gymnema sylvestre leaves,whole plant of Pterocarpus marsupium, Syzygium cumini fruits, Swertia punicea, Urtica dioica, gum of Ferula assa-foetida and seeds of Trigonella foenum graecum were discussed along with their reported mechanisms of action. In this review paper an attempt has been made to give an overview of certain Indian plants which have shown their anti-diabetic activity in various pre-clinical studies.

Herbal Drug Interactions

2017 ◽  
pp. 201-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mymoona Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Herbal Drug ◽  
Herbal Therapy ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Regulatory Bodies

Use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) for preventive and therapeutic purposes has increased tremendously in the last two decades internationally. The manufacturers of these products are not required to submit proof of safety or efficacy to the Food and Drug Administration. As a result, the adverse effects and drug interactions associated with them are largely unknown. In this chapter, the author presents interactions of herbal medicines with other medicines (herbal or non-herbal). A large number of herbal drugs, including from single drug to a variety of mixtures have been used to treat kidney disorders. Herb-herb or herb drug interaction has been reported intensively during last decade, therefore it becomes important to keep an eye on the use of combination herbal therapy in order to avoid serious results because of interactions with each other. Due to the growing awareness about the interactions and side effects of herbal drugs/supplements over the past few years, regulatory bodies are working on these issues and pharmacopoeias are being developed for reference.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevents Inflammation in CCL4-Related Liver Injury in Mice

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (01) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. M. Li ◽  
P. Ryan ◽  
R. G. Batey
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Histological Damage ◽  
Hepatocyte Necrosis ◽  
Hepatic Histology

Alternative medicines are being increasingly used and investigated in the management of a variety of disorders. Hepatitis is a common indication for the use of alternative therapies but evidence for the efficacy of many compounds is lacking. We have utilized a well-defined model of liver injury to study the efficacy of three herbal products designed to assist in the management of liver disease. Mice were exposed to carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) given intragastrically after they had been pretreated for five days with either saline or one of four doses of silymarin extract or CH100 (a Chinese herbal medicine comprising of 19 herbs) or one of two doses of CH101 (a Chinese herbal preparation designed to reduce fibrosis). Animals were sacrificed 24 hours after receiving CCL4. Liver enzymes and hepatic histology formed the basis for evaluating efficacy of the treatments. Each of the alternative medicines reduced the alanine amino transferase (ALT) elevation demonstrated after CCL4 injection. The high dose CH100 regimen was most effective in protecting against injury and this was confirmed with hepatic histology. Other doses of CH100, CH101 and silymarin were not shown to provide protection against the histological damage. In conclusion, Silymarin, CH100 and CH101 are able to reduce ALT elevation in animals exposed to CCL4. High dose CH100 provides protection from hepatocyte necrosis in this model. The data add to our understanding of the capacity some herbal medicines have to modify the reaction of the liver to a variety of insults and suggest the value of studying these agents further in human liver diseases.

scholarly journals Pharmacy Students’ Perception towards Clinical Pharmacognosy Course

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Nehad J. Ahmed ◽  
Abdulsalam Alonazi ◽  
Mehrukh Zehravi ◽  
Maged S. Abdel-Kader
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Pharmacy Curriculum

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify pharmacy student’s perception towards clinical pharmacognosy. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in Al-Kharj. The survey contains 2 parts; the Level of the students and pharmacy students’ perception towards the clinical pharmacognosy course. The data were collected and analyzed using Excel software. Results: About 51.20 % of the students said that clinical pharmacognosy is an interesting subject. About 57.60% of them said that clinical pharmacognosy is an integral part of clinical pharmacy practice but only 28.80% of them agreed that clinical pharmacognosy should be a mandatory part of the pharmacy curriculum. Approximately 68.00% of the students agreed that clinical pharmacognosy provides sufficient knowledge about mechanisms of actions, indications, proper dosing and side effects of herbal drugs. Conclusion: It is concluded that pharmacy students showed positive perceptions towards the clinical pharmacognosy course. It is important to increase the awareness of pharmacy students about clinical pharmacognosy in order to prescribe herbal drugs correctly and to educate health care professionals and patients about the efficacy and safety of the herbal products.

scholarly journals Herbal Medicines—Are They Effective and Safe during Pregnancy?

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Beata Sarecka-Hujar ◽  
Beata Szulc-Musioł
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Morning Sickness ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
In Pregnancy

Since the teratogenicity of Thalidomide has been proven, herbal products are more commonly used in pregnancy to not only relieve morning sickness but also to fight infections. These products are frequently considered as natural and therefore harmless. However, herbs contain a number of active substances that, when used during pregnancy, can affect the development of the fetus. Often, pregnant women do not consult the usage of herbal medicines with a physician. The access to these products is easy and treatment of certain ailments with the use of herbs is common in many countries. The aim of the present literature review was to discuss available data regarding the efficacy and safety of cranberry, chamomile, Echinacea purpurea, garlic, ginger, Ginkgo biloba, and peppermint, which are used to counteract the most common ailments during pregnancy, i.e., infections and pregnancy-related ailments (e.g., nausea and vomiting, dizziness, and headache). Analysis of available data showed that ginger is one of the most extensively analyzed herbal remedies. The dose of ginger below 1000 mg per day may help to relief hypereremesis gravidarum, and such an amount of ginger did not increase frequency of adverse effects for either woman or developing fetus. Data regarding other herbs are most often heterogeneous and give conflicting results with no clear conclusions. However, all herbal products should be used with a special caution in pregnancy. Further high-quality human studies should be determined to confirm the safe doses of herbal products which could be used by pregnant or breast-feeding women.

scholarly journals Impact of herbal drugs and its clinical application

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1340-1345
Author(s):  
Vetriselvan Subramaniyan ◽  
Saminathan Kayarohanam ◽  
Ashok Kumar J ◽  
Vinoth Kumarasamy
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Herbal Drug ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Impact

Since ancient times until now exploring the importance of herbal medicines to treat the variety of diseases. Currently the herbal medicines searching for health, wellness and aim to achieve effective treatment without much side effect. Recent days the impact of herbal medicines well established even herbal treatment is one of the alternative medicines for most of the diseases such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus etc. Medicinal plants always have been rich sources of bioactive compounds, and that will be very helpful to human health. The reasons for herbal medicines attracted by the health care professionals and common individuals, including concern about confidence and safety of drugs. Allopathic medicines have many side effects and sometimes failing to treat and most of the herbal drugs proven better therapeutic effects without any major adverse effects. With the demand for phytomedicine user, this review highlights modern herbal drug formulation and its clinical use.

Herbal Drug Interactions

2022 ◽  
pp. 120-141
Author(s):  
Mymoona Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Herbal Drug ◽  
Herbal Therapy ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Regulatory Bodies

Use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) for preventive and therapeutic purposes has increased tremendously in the last two decades internationally. The manufacturers of these products are not required to submit proof of safety or efficacy to the Food and Drug Administration. As a result, the adverse effects and drug interactions associated with them are largely unknown. In this chapter, the author presents interactions of herbal medicines with other medicines (herbal or non-herbal). A large number of herbal drugs, including from single drug to a variety of mixtures have been used to treat kidney disorders. Herb-herb or herb drug interaction has been reported intensively during last decade, therefore it becomes important to keep an eye on the use of combination herbal therapy in order to avoid serious results because of interactions with each other. Due to the growing awareness about the interactions and side effects of herbal drugs/supplements over the past few years, regulatory bodies are working on these issues and pharmacopoeias are being developed for reference.

MICROBIAL ASSESSMENT OF HERBAL DRUGS AVAILABLE IN LOCAL MARKET OF LAHORE

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Arifa Tahir ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Market ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Alternative Medicines

The present work was carried out considering the increased use of herbal products as alternative medicines in Pakistan. It is necessary to set appropriate standards for microorganisms in herbal drugs in order to reduce the risks for consumers' health.

Herbal medicines

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Wiffen ◽  
Marc Mitchell ◽  
Melanie Snelling ◽  
Nicola Stoner
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
General Information ◽  
Complex Mixtures ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Herbal Medications

Herbal drugs 150General information about commonly used herbal medications 154Chinese herbal medicine 157Herbal interactions 158Perioperative considerations for herbal drugs 160The efficacy and safety of herbal drugs present a number of issues to pharmacists. Herbal drugs are more often complex mixtures of active constituents that vary in quality for a number of reasons, such as environmental and genetic factors. Furthermore, the constituents responsible for the claimed therapeutic effects are frequently unknown or only partly explained....

scholarly journals Hepatotoxic Botanicals - An Evidence-based Systematic Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem J Abdualmjid ◽  
Consolato Sergi
Keyword(s):  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Natural Medicine ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes

Purpose. Herbal medicines have been increasingly used worldwide. However, the potential harms of these herbs have been noticed most recently following hepatotoxicity with ingestion of herbal remedies. The aim of this review is to evaluate the evidence of hepatotoxic effects linked to use of herbal preparations. Method. Electronic search was performed by searching several databases: PubMed, HerbMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Cochrane Library using both Latin and common names of several herbs. Language was restricted to English and articles were selected for relevance reporting incidence of hepatotoxicity associated with use of herbal products in human. Results. From a total of 565 relevant reviews and articles, 254 met our inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Serious hepatotoxic events associated with various herbal products alone or in combination with other drugs have been reported. Linking to herbal constituents the spectrum of liver toxicity includes elevated liver enzymes, acute or chronic hepatitis, cholestasis, hepatic necrosis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, as well as acute liver failure and hepatic veno-occlusive disease. Conclusion. The hepatotoxicity of herbs was extensively acknowledged. As the use of natural medicine increases, the risk of liver toxicity and drug interaction increase as well. Accordingly, herbal remedies have been known as hepatotoxins causing several liver damages. Further scientific studies with high and good quality are needed to identify toxic compounds and understand the exact mechanism of hepatotoxicity-induced by herbs. The adverse effects of herbal products must be fully reported as well as extensive education of healthcare providers must be provided in order to reduce danger of alternative medicines. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

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