scholarly journals Corn (Zea mays) as a Nutrient Source and Diet: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 299-303
Author(s):  
Mansi Mishra ◽  
. Sushma ◽  
Reena Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Alcohol Solution ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Grass Family ◽  
Poaceae Family ◽  
Galanthus Nivalis ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Direct Ancestor

Maize is also known as corn; it is a cereal. It is a member of Poaceae family which is a grass family. Maize originated 55 to 70 million year ago in central America. By seeing phylogenetic tree of grass species related to maize, it can be conclude that there is no direct ancestor of maize. The closest ancestor of maize are teosintes. Maize contains many phytochemical-like phystosterols, carotenoids and many other phenolic compounds. Maize also helps while reliving anti-HIV activity; this takes place due to the presence of Galanthus Nivalis Agglutinin (GNA) lectin. Maize is the great source of essential fatty assets. The maize cob and the root leaves of it are used to treat problem related to bladder, Nausea, vomiting. The endosperm of maize contains an alcohol solution prolamine called Zein, Which has a great role in pharmaceutical industry. Maize also contains resistant starch which reduces cancer-cecal, atherosclerosis and obesity related issues.

ON CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN THE GRASS FAMILY (POACEAE) IN RUSSIA, WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THE FAR EAST

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 29-64
Author(s):  
N.S. Probatova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Grass Family ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Far East

The paper summarizes information on chromosome numbers (CNs) of the Grass species (Poaceae) in the flora of Russian Federation, obtained on the original material, most part - from the Russian Far East (RFE). In some species the CNs are known in Russia or in the world only from RFE, in some – from one locality or few, or from one subregion of RFE. The grass species in RFE often occur in mountain regions and near seacoasts; some species are endemics, some were studied near the limits of their geographical distribution areas. The diversity of CNs, the special features of the CNs distribution in some grass groups are discussed. The alien species are abundant in RFE, and their CNs are also involved in the study. For karyologically polymorphous species further studies are needed.

scholarly journals Molecular evolution of the Ac/Ds transposable-element family in pearl millet and other grasses.

Genetics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 1411-1419
Author(s):  
G A Huttley ◽  
A F MacRae ◽  
M T Clegg
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Element ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Deletion Derivative ◽  
Transposable Element Family ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Grass Family ◽  
Sequence Relationships ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract We report an Ac-like sequence from pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and deletion derivative Ac-like sequences from pearl millet and another grass species, Bambusa multiplex. Sequence relationships between the pearl millet and maize Ac elements suggest that Ac/Ds transposable-element family is ancient. Further, the sequence identity between the Bambusa Ac-like sequence and maize Ac implies that the Ac/Ds transposable-element family has been in the grass family since its inception. The Ac-like sequences reported from pearl millet and maize Ac are statistically heterogeneous in pair-wise distance comparisons to each other. Yet, we are unable to discriminate between differential selection or ectopic exchange (recombination and conversion) between nonidentical transposable element homologues, as the cause of the heterogeneity. However, the more extreme heterogeneity exhibited between the previously described pearl millet element and maize Ac seems likely to derive from ectopic exchange between elements with different levels of divergence.

scholarly journals Differences in the mannose oligomer specificities of the closely related lectins from Galanthus nivalis and Zea mays strongly determine their eventual anti-HIV activity

Retrovirology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Hoorelbeke ◽  
Els JM Van Damme ◽  
Pierre Rougé ◽  
Dominique Schols ◽  
Kristel Van Laethem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Galanthus Nivalis ◽  
Anti Hiv

scholarly journals The Pharus latifolius Genome Bridges the Gap of Early Grass Evolution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng-Fei Ma ◽  
Yun-Long Liu ◽  
Gui-Hua Jin ◽  
Jing-Xia Liu ◽  
Hong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Functional Diversification ◽  
Grass Family ◽  
Grass Evolution ◽  
Grass Genomes ◽  
Cereal Yields ◽  
Rates Of Molecular Evolution

Abstract The grass family (Poaceae) includes all commercial cereal crops and is a major contributor to biomass in various terrestrial ecosystems. The ancestry of all grass genomes includes a shared whole-genome duplication (WGD), named rho (ρ) WGD, but the evolutionary significance of ρ-WGD remains elusive. We sequenced the genome of Pharus latifolius, a grass species (producing a true spikelet) in the subfamily Pharoideae, a sister lineage to the core Poaceae including the PACMAD and BOP clades. Our results indicate that the P. latifolius genome has evolved slowly relative to cereal grass genomes, as reflected by moderate rates of molecular evolution, limited chromosome rearrangements and a low rate of gene loss for duplicated genes. We show that the ρ-WGD event occurred ∼98.2 million years ago (Ma) in a common ancestor of the Pharoideae and the PACMAD and BOP grasses. This was followed by contrasting patterns of diploidization in the Pharus and core Poaceae lineages. The presence of two FRIZZY PANICLE (FZP)-like genes in P. latifolius, and duplicated MADS-box genes, support the hypothesis that the ρ-WGD may have played a role in the origin and functional diversification of the spikelet, an adaptation in grasses related directly to cereal yields. The P. latifolius genome sheds light on the origin and early evolution of grasses underpinning the biology and breeding of cereals.

scholarly journals Grasses suppress shoot-borne roots to conserve water during drought

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (31) ◽  
pp. 8861-8866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Sebastian ◽  
Muh-Ching Yee ◽  
Willian Goudinho Viana ◽  
Rubén Rellán-Álvarez ◽  
Max Feldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Poaceae Family ◽  
Crown Roots

Many important crops are members of the Poaceae family, which develop root systems characterized by a high degree of root initiation from the belowground basal nodes of the shoot, termed the crown. Although this postembryonic shoot-borne root system represents the major conduit for water uptake, little is known about the effect of water availability on its development. Here we demonstrate that in the model C4 grass Setaria viridis, the crown locally senses water availability and suppresses postemergence crown root growth under a water deficit. This response was observed in field and growth room environments and in all grass species tested. Luminescence-based imaging of root systems grown in soil-like media revealed a shift in root growth from crown-derived to primary root-derived branches, suggesting that primary root-dominated architecture can be induced in S. viridis under certain stress conditions. Crown roots of Zea mays and Setaria italica, domesticated relatives of teosinte and S. viridis, respectively, show reduced sensitivity to water deficit, suggesting that this response might have been influenced by human selection. Enhanced water status of maize mutants lacking crown roots suggests that under a water deficit, stronger suppression of crown roots actually may benefit crop productivity.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Cereal Yellow Dwarf Virus-RPV in Grasses in European Part of Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
Havva Ilbağı ◽  
Ahmet Çıtır ◽  
Adnan Kara ◽  
Meryem Uysal
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Cereal Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Poaceae Family ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Abstract Yellow dwarf viruses (YDVs) are economically destructive viral diseases of cereal crops, which cause the reduction of yield and quality of grains. Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV (CYDV-RPV) is one of the most serious virus species of YDVs. These virus diseases cause epidemics in cereal fields in some periods of the year in Turkey depending on potential reservoir natural hosts that play a significant role in epidemiology. This study was conducted to investigate the presence and prevalence of CYDV-RPV in grasses and volunteer cereal host plants including 33 species from Poaceae, Asteraceae, Juncaceae, Geraniaceae, Cyperaceae, and Rubiaceae families in the Trakya region of Turkey. A total of 584 symptomatic grass and volunteer cereal leaf samples exhibiting yellowing, reddening, irregular necrotic patches and dwarfing symptoms were collected from Trakya and tested by ELISA and RT-PCR methods. The screening tests showed that 55 out of 584 grass samples were infected with CYDV-RPV in grasses from the Poaceae family, while none of the other families had no infection. The incidence of CYDV-RPV was detected at a rate of 9.42%. Transmission experiments using the aphid species Rhopalosiphum padi L. showed that CYDV-RPV was transmitted persistently from symptomatic intact grasses such as Avena sterilis, Lolium perenne and Phleum exratum to barley cv. Barbaros seedlings. PCR products of five Turkish RPV grass isolates were sequenced and compared with eleven known CYDV-RPV isolates in the GenBank⁄ EMBL databases. Compared nucleotide and amino acid sequences of CYDV-RPV isolates showed that the identities ranged from 40.38 − 95.86 % to 14.04 − 93.38%, respectively. In this study, 19 grass species from the Poaceae family and two volunteer cereal host plants were determined as natural reservoir hosts of CYDV-RPV in the cereal growing areas of Turkey.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review of Sugarcane

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayat Ullah ◽  
Asad Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Waseem Khan ◽  
Muhammad Lateef
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Human Food ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Grass Family ◽  
Industrial Crop ◽  
Poaceae Family ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Large Production

Sugarcane is an important industrial crop of semitropical and tropical areas. Due to the importance of this crop it is cultivated on nearly 20 million hectares by more than 90 countries. This crop belongs to family Poaceae, a grass family which is economically vital tracheophyte family that has properties much like that of wheat, maize, rice and sorghum. The Poaceae family is globally vital for providing dietary macromolecules, carbohydrates, and different nutrients. The most important item of sugarcane for the consumption is sucrose that gets accumulated in the stalk internodes. Sucrose is taken out and refined by different mills which is used as a sweetener in human food industries and in the fermentation industry. Large production of alcohol is attained by Brazilian sugarcane industries.

scholarly journals Effect of swine residue rates on corn, common bean, soybean and wheat yield

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 661-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laércio Ricardo Sartor ◽  
Alceu Luiz Assmann ◽  
Tangriani Simioni Assmann ◽  
Paulo Egidio Bigolin ◽  
Mário Miyazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Swine Production ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Environmental Friendly

Swine residue (SR) applied as nutrient source of crops such as corn, bean, soybean and wheat, besides representing an environmental-friendly way of disposing of organic waste resulting from swine production, may significantly increase grain yields, replacing mineral fertilizer. The objective was to evaluate the effect of SR rates on corn, common bean, soybean and wheat yields from 2002 to 2007, in comparison with mineral fertilizer. The experiment was carried out at the Instituto Agronômico do Paraná - IAPAR, Pato Branco, PR and consisted of increasing SR rates (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 m³ ha-1) and one treatment with mineral fertilizer (NPK 4-30-10), using 250 kg ha-1 for bean and 300 kg ha-1 for corn, soybean and wheat. Also, in the treatment with mineral fertilizer, 60, 120 and 90 kg ha-1 N was applied as topdressing to bean, corn and wheat, respectively. There were significant increases of grain yield in all evaluated years and crops with increasing SR rates, especially in the grass species under study. Also, with increasing SR rates applied every six months, K, P, Ca and Mg were accumulated in the soil and the pH increased. The application of 60 m³ ha-1 SR increased yields and exceeded the yield obtained with the recommended mineral fertilizer, indicating this amount as adequate for these crops.

scholarly journals Heat Shock Proteins in Association with Heat Tolerance in Grasses

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xu ◽  
Chenyang Zhan ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Grass Family ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cool Season Grass

The grass family Poaceae includes annual species cultivated as major grain crops and perennial species cultivated as forage or turf grasses. Heat stress is a primary factor limiting growth and productivity of cool-season grass species and is becoming a more significant problem in the context of global warming. Plants have developed various mechanisms in heat-stress adaptation, including changes in protein metabolism such as the induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs). This paper summarizes the structure and function of major HSPs, recent research progress on the association of HSPs with grass tolerance to heat stress, and incorporation of HSPs in heat-tolerant grass breeding.

scholarly journals DESMOSTACHYA BIPINNATA - A NOVEL FARMING METHOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-A) ◽  
pp. 471-476
Author(s):  
Nagaraj Naik Chavhan ◽  
H.K Shashirekha ◽  
Sushant Sukumar Bargale ◽  
Prakash. L. Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Grass Family ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Natural Farming ◽  
Grown Plant

Grasses are the most flourishing plants on earth as monocotyledonous plants. They have been a survivor on the planet despite of various ecological changes. They deserve the medicinal value and therefore considered as novel repositories. The grass family is considered as sacred, it has great significance in Ayurveda because of medicinal as well as clinical properties. Methods: Kusha grows commonly and abundantly at agricultural field especially in dry and sandy soil. As are more grass species found in the moderately temperate and moist regionof India whereas Kusha can be grown indoors and outdoors. Results: Growth of plants has seen within duration of 20 to 25 days. In this study effort made to explain the naturalcultivation methods for getting best medicinal effect in drug Kusha. Efficacy of the naturally grown plant shown the good result in laboratory investigations as compare to the manual grown. Usage of single drug is cost effective in day today practice by adopting natural farming method. Conclusion: By following proper plantation methods one can yield high medicinal properties in the drugs to reach the expected result. Key words: Cultivation methods, Kusha, Mutravaha Srotas, Trinapanchamula.

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