scholarly journals Comparitive Study of Glutathione-S-Transferase Isoenzyme and Vitamin D Levels in Smokers and Non-smokers

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Ranjit S. Ambad ◽  
Suryakant Nagtilak ◽  
Dattu Hawale ◽  
Ashish Anjankar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
The United States ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Heavy Smokers

Background: In developed countries, cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. In the second half of this century, dramatic changes in the prevalence of cigarette smoking in the United States reduced current smoking levels to approximately one quarter of the adult population, reducing gender differences in smoking prevalence and smoking-attributable diseases. Cigarette smoking is a serious risk factor for lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both men and women in the United States and around the world. Aim: Comparative Study of Glutathione-S-Transferase Isoenzyme mu and Vitamin-D Levels in Smokers and Non-Smokers. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 people aged 20 to 55 years old who came to Shalinitai Meghe hospital in Nagpur for a health check-up were chosen for the research. Non-smokers make up the control group, while smokers make up the research group. There are 50 patients in each group. ELISA was used to determine vitamin D status. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect GST-µ in heparinized whole blood. Results: GST-µ was found to be mostly positive in smokers, and it was also found to be raised in heavy smokers (6.39±3.2) than light smokers (4.56±0.78). GST-µ is positive in light smokers. GST-µ is nearly equal in smokers (5.24±0.95) and heavy smokers relative to others. Conclusion: Quitting smoking for a longer period of time was related to higher vitamin D levels than current smoking. Furthermore, the GST-µ measure used in our research may be used to show differences in cytogenetic damage between smokers who have a genetically defined detoxification enzyme and those who do not.

scholarly journals Changes in Fitness of Rural Primary School Students from Southwest China after Two-Year’s Nutrition Intervention

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3544
Author(s):  
Ran Zhao ◽  
Qian Gan ◽  
Zhuolun Hu ◽  
Peipei Xu ◽  
Li Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Children in China’s poor rural areas often have insufficient protein and micronutrient intake. There is little research about the effect of milk and egg supplementation published on these children. A prospective randomized controlled trial was applied to evaluate the effect of milk and egg supplementation on the growth and fitness of poor rural primary school students in southwest China whose physical development was below national averages. A total of 955 healthy students aged 6–13 years old were recruited. The intervention group (538) received 200 g milk and 50 g braised egg at each school day, while the control group (417) kept their normal diet and received no extra supplementation. Serum vitamin D levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A mixed linear model with repeated measures was performed to analyze the efficacy of the supplementation. Statistically significant interactions between groups and time were seen in weight in boys, but not in girls. Significant improvement in vitamin D levels, the broad jump, and the 8 × 50 m shuttle run were observed in both genders. Therefore, the supplementation of egg and milk for two years might have a positive effect on growth and physical fitness and decreasing vitamin D deficiency in poor rural Chinese children.

Evaluation of the Relation Between Omentin-1 and Vitamin D in Postmenopausal Women With or Without Osteoporosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (05) ◽  
pp. 316-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okan Dikker ◽  
Seldag Bekpinar ◽  
Gul Ozdemirler ◽  
Mujdat Uysal ◽  
Muberra Vardar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Omental Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

Abstract Introduction Crosstalk between bone and adipose tissues is implicated in several pathologic conditions related to bone metabolism. Omentin-1, a 34-kD protein, is released from omental adipose tissue. A few studies indicated the effect of omentin-1 on bone health and bone mineral density (BMD) and the interaction of omentin-1 with vitamin D. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between omentin-1, vitamin D, and BMD in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis compared with non-osteoporotic counterparts. Materials and methods Forty postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (OP), 40 counterparts without OP, and 30 premenopausal women were enrolled. Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry results, body mass index, and some demographic and biochemical data were recorded. Vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) levels were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Serum omentin-1 was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Omentin-1 levels tended to increase in both postmenopausal women groups compared with the control group, but this increase was significant only in women with osteoporosis. Vitamin D levels were not different between the groups. When women were categorized according to vitamin D levels, women with normal vitamin D levels had significantly higher omentin-1 levels. A positive correlation was found between omentin-1 and vitamin D levels in all groups (r=0.197, p=0.041, n=110). Conclusion The tendency to an increase in omentin-1 levels in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis may be due to a physiologic compensation against bone loss after menopause. The linear relationship between omentin-1 and vitamin D suggests that adipose tissue is one of the target tissues for the vitamin D effect.

Predictive Factors of Vitamin D Inadequacy among Older Adults in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunkyung Lee ◽  
Euni Lee ◽  
Mary K. Maneno ◽  
Allan A. Johnson ◽  
Anthony K. Wutoh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
National Level ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
The United States ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements

Abstract. Optimal serum vitamin D levels are reported to be associated with many health benefits; however, few studies have determined predictive factors using national level data. An assessment of predictive factors for vitamin D inadequacy was conducted using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2006 data. Using the study sample including adults aged 40 years or more, data analysis was performed using the weighted multivariate logistic regression statistical procedure. The prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy (serum vitamin D <20 ng/ml) was 37.3%. Non-Hispanic Blacks were 6.4 times more likely to demonstrate vitamin D inadequacy compared to non-Hispanic Whites (ORadj=6.351; 95% CI 5.338, 7.555; p<0.0001). Also, female gender was a significant predictor of vitamin D inadequacy (ORadj=1.499; 95% CI 1.315, 1.708; p<0.0001) in multivariate models. Subjects who reported not taking vitamin D supplements in the past 30 days were more than twice as likely to be vitamin D inadequate compared with those who had taken dietary supplements containing vitamin D (ORadj=2.225; 95% CI 1.903, 2.601; p<0.0001). In conclusion, the strongest predictor of vitamin D inadequacy was non-Hispanic Black ethnicity. Other potential predictors included smoking, non-use of vitamin D supplements, abnormal BMI, collecting samples in winter, female gender, perception of own health condition as not excellent, lack of health care, and older age. More focused interventions targeting groups of United States residents with vitamin D inadequacy are needed.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in a Large Newborn Cohort from Northern United States and Effect of Intrauterine Drug Exposure

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2085
Author(s):  
Neelakanta Kanike ◽  
Krupa Gowri Hospattankar ◽  
Amit Sharma ◽  
Sarah Worley ◽  
Sharon Groh-Wargo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Vitamin D is not only a vital element in bone health but is also a prohormone. Data regarding distribution of vitamin D status among preterm and term neonates in the United States are limited. There are no data on the effect of intrauterine drug exposure on vitamin D status. Our objective was to determine the distribution of vitamin D levels among preterm and term neonates and the effect of intrauterine illicit drug exposure. We did a retrospective chart review of neonates admitted from 2009 to 2016 to our neonatal intensive care unit with serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25[OH]D) levels measured during the hospital stay. Of 1517 neonates, the median 25[OH]D level was 19 ng/mL with 31% deficient and 49% insufficient, even though 75% of mothers took prenatal vitamins. In pregnant women, 38% were vitamin-D-deficient and 44% were vitamin-D-insufficient. Four hundred seventy-one neonates had intrauterine drug exposure, with a median 25[OH]D level of 22.9 ng/mL versus 17.8 ng/mL in nonexposed neonates (p = 0.001). Despite maternal prenatal vitamin intake, neonates are at risk of vitamin D deficiency. Maternal illicit drug use was not related to lower 25[OH]D levels in neonates.

Lower Vitamin D Status in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 2472-2475
Author(s):  
Andra Cocolos ◽  
Adina Ghemigian ◽  
Nicoleta Dumitru ◽  
Eugeniya Nedeltcheva Petrova ◽  
Mircea Ghemigian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Tnm Staging ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Thyroid cancer (TC) has become the most rapidly increasing type of cancer representing 1-1.5% of all cancers diagnosed annually probably due to intensive screening. It is estimated that the death rate of TC has slowly increased from 0.49 to 0.51/100.000 in the last 10 years and 53.990 new cases will be diagnosed in 2018 in the United States. Therefore, efforts are being made in order to stop the increasing incidence and genetic alterations are thoroughly studied. One of the most recent incriminated factors in TC etiology and physiopathology is vitamin D deficiency. Besides the well-known role in bone metabolism, vitamin D has extra-skeletal effects exerted through the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and has been shown to interfere with many cellular functions such as inhibiting cell proliferation, stimulating differentiation and malignant cell apoptosis in different types of cancer. Cross-sectional, retrospective study which included 114 patients (71 with confirmed thyroid cancer and 43 patients in the control group with benign pathology). Preoperative levels of 25(OH)vitamin D, PTH, biochemical and thyroid panel were measured. The histopathologic features were analyzed. Mean values of vitamin D was 16.31 � 7.14 ng/mL with lower levels in patients with thyroid cancer (14.95 � 5.91 ng/mL) in comparison to patients with benign thyroid pathology (18.55 � 8.41 ng/mL), with a p value of 0.008. Majority of the cases were papillary thyroid cancer (97.18%) in stage 3 (45.07%). Vitamin D levels also correlated negatively with TNM staging. The necessity of further studies is a reality in order to establish if vitamin D deficiency is a possible risk factor for thyroid cancer and its correction can be considered an additional therapy.

scholarly journals Serum Vitamin D Levels Are Not Associated with Obstructive Lung Disease in the General Population: An NHANES Analysis (2007-2008 to 2009-2010)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed I Seedahmed ◽  
Aaron D Baugh ◽  
Jordan A Kempker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
General Population ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
The United States ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Independent Association

ABSTRACTBackgroundObstructive lung disease is a significant cause of morbidity and healthcare burden within the United States. A growing body of evidence has suggested that vitamin D levels can influence the course or incidence of obstructive lung disease. However, there is an insufficient previous investigation of this association.Study Design and MethodsWe used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles 2007-2008 and 2009-2010 spirometry results of individuals aged 40 years and older to assess the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and obstructive lung disease, as defined by the American Thoracic Society using the lower limit of normal (LLN). We used stage multivariate survey-logistic regression with backward selection.ResultsThe final model included body mass index, pack-years smoking history, and ethnicity. In the primary model, there was no association between vitamin D levels and obstructive lung disease. We noted an association between “Other Hispanic” self-identified race and serum Vitamin D levels wherein higher levels were associated with higher odds of obstructive lung disease in this ethnicity, but not among other racial or ethnic groups (OR= 1.48, p= 0.02).ConclusionsSerum Vitamin D levels among adults are not associated with the odds of obstructive lung disease in the general population. Results among non-Mexican Hispanic participants highlight the need for further research in minority populations. More work is needed to address the course and incidence of lung disease in the United States.RESEARCH IN CONTEXTWhat is the key question?In the general population, is there an independent association between Vitamin D and obstructive lung disease after controlling for relevant covariates?What is the bottom line?In exploring whether serum vitamin D levels are associated with odds of obstructive lung disease in the general US population, we did not find an independent association in the overall sample.Why read on?This paper adds nuance to the broad understanding of vitamin D’s role in lung pathophysiology.

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