A Brief Review on Viral Variants of COVID-19 Infection

SARS is a type of acute respiratory syndrome. Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2), highly contagious, affecting people worldwide. Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID19) leads to a rapidly spreading respiratory distress syndrome. It has caused a global pandemic and severe health crisis in most countries. Due to its continual evolution, further research into the virus's pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms and the development of efficient therapy techniques are urgently required. The current paper summarises what is known about the virus's evolutionary and structural features to comprehend better its mutational pattern and probable role in the current pandemic. In December 2019, the Coronavirus Disease (SARSCoV2) began a destructive path toward a global pandemic in Wuhan, China. Since then, several SARS CoV2 variants have been discovered. Despite the speedy development of a COVID19 vaccine and ongoing mass vaccination efforts around the globe, the discovery of the latest SARSCoV2 variants could undermine the substantial success till now in stopping the spread of SARSCoV2.This review aims to characterize the different SARS CoV2 mutations and investigate the associated morbidity and death. Due to the virus's steady improvement, with its various unmarried nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) versions and lineages, figuring out SARS-CoV-2 infectivity is extraordinarily hard. but, similarly research into the virus's pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms, as well as the improvement of green therapy strategies, is urgent present-day The present day contribution summarises existing expertise regarding the virus's evolutionary and structural homes to clarify its mutational sample and ability function inside the ongoing pandemic.

Download Full-text

Salivary Diagnosis of COVID-19

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal ◽

10.51253/pafmj.v71i6.5498 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 71 (6) ◽

pp. 2254-55

Author(s):

Seema Shafiq ◽

Asim Riaz

Keyword(s):

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Sore Throat ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Global Pandemic

Dear Editor, It is indeed an honour for us to contribute towards the ongoing research regarding the latest contagion, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leading to global pandemic with variable clinical outcomes. COVID-19 positive individuals present with a variety of signs and symptoms as sore throat, cough, fever, dyspnoea, headache, myalgia, nausea, and vomiting whereas, some develop severe acute respiratory distress syndrome with a fatality rate of about 10%.1 Possible oral findings include xerostomia, hypogeusia, and chemosensory alterations. Common routes of transmission being person-to-person via direct sneeze, cough, and droplet inhalation or by contact through mucosa of eyes, nose and saliva.

Download Full-text

The Pandemic Hits Us Hard, but We Don’t Lose Hope

The Hip and Knee Journal ◽

10.46355/hipknee.v2i1.72 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Krisna Yuarno Phatama ◽

Sholahuddin Rhatomy, MD ◽

Asep Santoso ◽

Nicolaas C. Budhiparama

Keyword(s):

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

World Health ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

New Variant ◽

Health Organization

At the end of 2019, we faced a new variant of the coronavirus that can cause pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome-like symptoms. It started in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and spread quickly to the whole world.This new virus is called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and can manifest as a disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). On March 13th, 2020 World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic, and the story of frightening pandemic begin.

Download Full-text

Atypical facial onset Guillain-Barré syndrome following first dose of COVISHIELD vaccine

Romanian Journal of Neurology ◽

10.37897/rjn.2021.3.19 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 379-382

Author(s):

R.V. Aravinda ◽

◽

Priyanka Mahendra Tater ◽

Harsha Huliyappa ◽

Christy Joseph Manual ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽

Significant Morbidity ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

The World ◽

Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽

Guillain Barré

In the midst of the global pandemic of COVID-19 and its significant morbidity and mortality reported across the world due to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS), it has always been posing a new set of complications each passing day. As we are still in the process of understanding about the complications related to COVID-19, we are encountered with complications related to immunization for COVID-19. We are reporting a case of facial onset Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in the patient who received first dose of COVISHIELD vaccine a couple of weeks prior to the onset of his illness.

Download Full-text

COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome versus classical acute respiratory distress syndrome (a narrative review)

Iranian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.18502/ijm.v13i6.8072 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Inna Krynytska ◽

Mariya Marushchak ◽

Inna Birchenko ◽

Alina Dovgalyuk ◽

Oleksandr Tokarskyy

Keyword(s):

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Narrative Review ◽

Lung Protective Ventilation ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Increased Risk

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavi- rus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), led to the ongoing global public health crisis. Existing clinical data suggest that COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have worse outcomes and increased risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The rapid increase in the numbers of patients requiring ICU care may imply a sudden and major challenge for affected health care systems. In this narrative review, we aim to summarize current knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical and morphological characteristics of COVID-19-associated ARDS and ARDS caused by other factors (classical ARDS) as defined by Berlin criteria, and therefore to elucidate the differences, which can affect clinical management of COVID-19-as- sociated ARDS. Fully understanding the characteristics of COVID-19-associated ARDS will help identify its early progres- sion and tailor the treatment, leading to improved prognosis in severe cases and reduced mortality. The notable mechanisms of COVID-19-associated ARDS include severe pulmonary infiltration/edema and inflammation, leading to impaired alveolar homeostasis, alteration of pulmonary physiology resulting in pulmonary fibrosis, endothelial inflammation and vascular thrombosis. Despite some distinct differences between COVID-19-associated ARDS and classical ARDS as defined by Ber- lin criteria, general treatment principles, such as lung-protective ventilation and rehabilitation concepts should be applied whenever possible. At the same time, ventilatory settings for COVID-19-associated ARDS require to be adapted in individ- ual cases, depending on respiratory mechanics, recruitability and presentation timing.

Download Full-text

COVID-19: breaking down a global health crisis

Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials ◽

10.1186/s12941-021-00438-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Saad I. Mallah ◽

Omar K. Ghorab ◽

Sabrina Al-Salmi ◽

Omar S. Abdellatif ◽

Tharmegan Tharmaratnam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

The Elderly ◽

Economic Damage ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Macro Scale ◽

Respiratory Droplets ◽

The Impact

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the second pandemic of the twenty-first century, with over one-hundred million infections and over two million deaths to date. It is a novel strain from the Coronaviridae family, named Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2); the 7th known member of the coronavirus family to cause disease in humans, notably following the Middle East Respiratory syndrome (MERS), and Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (SARS). The most characteristic feature of this single-stranded RNA molecule includes the spike glycoprotein on its surface. Most patients with COVID-19, of which the elderly and immunocompromised are most at risk, complain of flu-like symptoms, including dry cough and headache. The most common complications include pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, and cardiovascular manifestations. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is mainly via respiratory droplets, either directly from the air when an infected patient coughs or sneezes, or in the form of fomites on surfaces. Maintaining hand-hygiene, social distancing, and personal protective equipment (i.e., masks) remain the most effective precautions. Patient management includes supportive care and anticoagulative measures, with a focus on maintaining respiratory function. Therapy with dexamethasone, remdesivir, and tocilizumab appear to be most promising to date, with hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferons falling out of favour. Additionally, accelerated vaccination efforts have taken place internationally, with several promising vaccinations being mass deployed. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, countries and stakeholders have taken varying precautions to combat and contain the spread of the virus and dampen its collateral economic damage. This review paper aims to synthesize the impact of the virus on a global, micro to macro scale.

Download Full-text

Coronavirus disease 2019 in neonates

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20211095 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 773

Author(s):

Jade Irene Linardi

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Age Groups ◽

Older Children ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Clinical Presentations

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic has become a major burden especially in the health care system and economy. COVID-19 has clinical presentations ranging from remain asymptomatic to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death. All age groups are susceptible to this virus, but it seems that children with COVID-19 have milder symptoms than adults. Neonates, however, have been reported to have more severe cases compared to older children. There is also a possibility of vertical transmission from mothers to their neonates which could not be ignored. This review provides current knowledge of COVID-19 in neonates.

Download Full-text

The Effects of COVID-19 on the Placenta During Pregnancy

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.743022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Habib Sadeghi Rad ◽

Joan Röhl ◽

Nataly Stylianou ◽

Mark C. Allenby ◽

Sajad Razavi Bazaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Transplacental Transmission ◽

Maternal Infection ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Protective Mechanisms ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Growing Body

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic. The virus primarily affects the lungs where it induces respiratory distress syndrome ranging from mild to acute, however, there is a growing body of evidence supporting its negative effects on other system organs that also carry the ACE2 receptor, such as the placenta. The majority of newborns delivered from SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers test negative following delivery, suggesting that there are protective mechanisms within the placenta. There appears to be a higher incidence of pregnancy-related complications in SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers, such as miscarriage, restricted fetal growth, or still-birth. In this review, we discuss the pathobiology of COVID-19 maternal infection and the potential adverse effects associated with viral infection, and the possibility of transplacental transmission.

Download Full-text