scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples in Specialist Hospital, Sokoto

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
N. M. Bunza ◽  
A. A. Isah ◽  
M. D. Hafsat ◽  
U. I. Asiya
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test

Aim: The study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolates against some conventional antibiotics. Study Design: Hospital based cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Specialist Hospital, Sokoto Metropolis, Sokoto State Nigeria, between June 2018 and September 2018. Methodology: One hundred (100) Staphylococcus aureus isolates were used in this study. Gram’s staining, catalase, coagulase and mannitol fermentation tests were used to identify and confirm the isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out by disc agar diffusion test. Results: In the present study 63.0% of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates were from male subjects, while 37.0% were from female subjects. The age group with the highest number of isolates was 11-20 years (37%) and the least (9%) was seen in 41-50 years. Subjects with urine samples had the highest frequency of Staphylococcus aureus isolates with 32.0% and those with high vaginal swab had the lowest 6.0%. The antibiotics susceptibility testing showed that 40% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates were susceptible to Clindamycin, 64% to Ciprofloxacin, 57% to Erythromycin, 71% to Gentamicin, 34% to Cefoxitin, 46% to Quinupristin/Dalfopristin, 58% to Tetracycline and Sulphamethaxazole –Trimethoprim respectively. Screening for MRSA was carried out by antibiotic sensitivity testing using cefoxitin and a prevalence of 66% was obtained. This study showed that Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin were the most active antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: There is the need for consistent on-going antimicrobial resistance surveillance for important and commonly isolated clinically significant pathogens of staphylococcal species to form the basis for developing and implementing measures that can reduce the burden of antimicrobial resistance and prevent a probable impending public health problem.

scholarly journals Changing Trend of Neonatal Septicemia and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Isolates in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangita Thapa ◽  
Lokendra Bahadur Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Neonatal Septicemia ◽  
Gram Negative

Background. Neonatal septicemia is one of the most common leading reasons for neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Frequent monitoring on pathogens with recent updates and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern is mandatory for the better treatment. The aim of the study was to determine the bacteriological profile of neonatal septicemia and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Outpatient Department (OPD), Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), and Pediatrics Ward of Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital (CMCTH), Bharatpur, Nepal. Blood cultures were performed on all suspected neonates attending to the hospital with a clinical analysis of neonatal septicemia. Isolated organism was identified by the standard microbiological protocol and antibiotic sensitivity testing was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results. Out of 516 specimens, bacterial growth was obtained in 56 specimens (10.8%). Prevalence of early onset sepsis was higher 35 (62.5%) in neonates compared to late onset sepsis 21 (37.5%). Majority of neonatal septicemia were caused by gram-negative isolates 39 (69.6%). Acinetobacter species 18 (32.1%) was most commonly isolated organism followed by Staphylococcus aureus 11 (19.6%). The predominant isolate in early onset septicemia was Acinetobacter species 18 (32.1%) and Staphylococcus aureus 9 (16%) and in late onset septicemia was Staphylococcus aureus 11 (19.6%) and Acinetobacter species 5 (8.9%). Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococci displayed highest susceptibility towards vancomycin, amikacin, teicoplanin, and meropenem. Gram-negative isolates showed susceptibility towards amikacin, piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, ofloxacin, and gentamicin. Conclusions. Acinetobacter species and Staphylococcus aureus remain the most predominant organisms responsible for neonatal septicemia in a tertiary care setting and demonstrate a high resistance to the commonly used antibiotics. Above all, since the rate of Acinetobacter species causing sepsis is distressing, inspiring interest to control the excess burden of Acinetobacter species infection is mandatory.

scholarly journals Prevalence of constitutive and inducible clindamycin resistance among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary care institute in North India

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 3120
Author(s):  
Jeevan Shetty ◽  
Zarrin Afroz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance

Background: Clindamycin is an important drug used in the treatment of Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) as well as in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. This drug is widely used in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections caused by them. Therapeutic failure caused by macrolide-lincosamine-streptogramin B constitutive and inducible clindamycin resistance (MLSBc and MLSBi) is being more commonly reported.Methods: The present study was conducted over a period of six months from October 2016 to March 2017 to know the incidence of MLSBc and MLSBi in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolates obtained in our hospital by D-test as per CLSI guidelines. A total of 130 isolates of S.aureus were obtained from different clinical specimens which included pus/ wound swab (n=266), urine (n=577), sputum (n=225), blood (n=221), throat swab (n=71), ear/eye discharge (n=21), high vaginal swab (n=20) and body fluids (n=50). All the isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Amoxyclav, Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Co-trimoxazole, Tetracycline, Ofloxacin, Gentamicin, Linezolid and Vancomycin were the antibiotics used.Results: Out of 130 (8.9%) isolates of S. aureus obtained from 1451 clinical samples, 82 (63.1%) were found to be MSSA and 48 (36.9%) were MRSA. Among S. aureus, 43 (33.1%) isolates showed MLSBc resistance, 22 (16.9%) isolates showed MLSBi resistance and 20 (15.4%) isolates showed MS phenotype. The remaining 45 (34.6%) isolates remained sensitive to Erythromycin. Among MSSA, MLSBc were observed in 18 (22%) isolates and MLSBi in 9 (11%) while in MRSA, MLSBc were observed in 25 (52.1%) isolates and MLSBi in 13 (27.1%) isolates. Almost all clinical isolates showed 100% sensitivity to Vancomycin and Linezolid in routine antibiotic susceptibility testing. Both MLSBc and MLSBi resistance was significantly higher (p<0.05) in MRSA than in MSSA.Conclusions: The study emphasizes the importance of conducting D test along with routine antibiotic susceptibility testing for better utilization of clindamycin in S. aureus infections.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples at Narayani Samudayik Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Rama Adhikari ◽  
Bindu Kshetri ◽  
Khem Narayan Sharma ◽  
Santosh Khanal ◽  
Om Prakash Panta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Clinical Specimens

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and MDR bacteria isolated from various clinical specimens from the patients attending Narayani Samudayik Hospital, Chitwan Methods: A cross sectional study was carried in NPI-Narayani Samudayik Hospital, Chitwan from June to December 2017. Altogether, 3610 clinical specimens mainly pus, blood and urine were collected, streaked on Mannitol Salt Agar and Blood Agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The confirmed colonies of S. aureus were sub-cultured on Nutrient Agar. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of all isolates S. aureus was determined by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Isolates resistant to cefoxitin (30mcg) were confirmed as MRSA. Result: Among 3610 total clinical samples, 17.6 % (635/3610) showed growth and 95(14.96%) S. aureus were isolated. Higher number of S. aureus was isolated from pus sample (93.15%). Out of 95 S. aureus isolates, 55 (57.89%) were identified as MRSA while 40 (42.10%) were MSSA. Vancomycin, ceftriaxone and chloramphenicol were found to be most effective antibiotic against isolates. Whereas, the least effective antibiotic was cefoxitin followed by amoxiclav, oxacillin and amoxicillin. Conclusion: This study concludes that the overall prevalence of MRSA and MDR among the bacterial isolates is higher compared to other studies. So, it is recommended to monitor the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of pathogens regularly and study the epidemiology of such isolates.  

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary care hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 548-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
CP Bhatt ◽  
BMS Karki ◽  
B Baral ◽  
S Gautam ◽  
A Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Drug Of Choice

Background: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureushas emerged as one of the most important nosocomial pathogens. It invokes a tremendous financial burden and enhanced morbidity and mortality due to difficult to treat systemic infections.Aim of this study was to determine antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and Methods: Different clinical specimens were collected and processed for routine culture and antibiotic sensitivity test by standard microbiology techniques. Results: Out of 1173 samples received for microbiological examination, 100 were found to be S. aureus with 19% cases were Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Fourteen MRSA were found from inpatient and 5 were from outpatient. MRSA was found higher in female than male and maximum number (31.5%) was found in age group 0-10 years. Staphylococcus aureus was 100% sensitive to Vancomycin followed by Amikacin (90%), Gentamycin (83%), and tetracycline (81%). On urine isolates Nitrofurantoin(91.6%) was drug of choice. All the isolates were resistant to Penicillin G. In case of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus showed 100% sensitive to Vancomycin followed by Amikacin (84.2%), Tetracycline (63.1%), Ciprofloxacin (42%) and Gentamycin (36.8%). Among urine isolates Nitrofutantoin showed 87.5% sensitive followed by Norfloxacin (75%). Conclusion: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was found 19% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates. It was most common in females, hospitalized patients and young age group. Vancomycin seems to be drug of choice followed by Amikacin. It would be helpful to formulating and monitoring the antibiotic policy and ensure proper empiric treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v4i7.10297 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2014) Vol. 4, 548-551   

scholarly journals Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Klebsiella species isolated from various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital Coimbatore

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4886
Author(s):  
Vijayashree V. ◽  
Saikeerthana D. ◽  
Prabha P.
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: The genus Klebsiella of Enterobacteriaceae family is ubiquitous in nature. They cause many nosocomial infections like pneumonia, urinary tract infections, wound infections, bacteremia and septicemia. Multidrug resistance is seen in Klebsiella which serves as the most common cause of increased morbidity and mortality. This study reveals the prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Klebsiella species from various clinical samples. The primary objectives are as follows: To isolate and characterize Klebsiella species from various clinical samples. To study the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Klebsiella isolates.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in our tertiary care hospital during the period from August 2019 to October 2019. A total of 3521 samples were tested during this period. The samples include blood, sputum, urine, and pus.Results: Out of the total samples tested,1106 samples were showing the growth of the organisms. Among this,351 were identified as Klebsiella species and the highest rate of isolation of Klebsiella species is from the sputum sample and also the same was reported high in medical wards. The study also shows that the isolation of Klebsiella species shows male preponderance when compared to females. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern was done by Kirby-Bauer's disc diffusion method and the sensitivity was noted to be higher to amikacin and ciprofloxacin.Conclusions: Thus, this study shows the prevalence rate of Klebsiella species and sensitivity pattern of Klebsiella, which may help select appropriate antibiotics and prevent overuse and misuse of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Isolation of Aerobic Bacteria from Surgical Site Infection and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Shahin Ara Begum ◽  
Shabeen Afreen ◽  
Aliya Rashid ◽  
Nasreen Farhana
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Background: Surgical site infection is one of the commonest complications after surgical intervention. Source of wound infections may be exogenous or endogenous. Wound swabs culture is the most frequently used method for confirming the diagnosis of surgical site infection. A regular bacteriological review is necessary to identify the causative agents and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to find out the aerobic bacteria from wound swabs culture and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.Methodology: A total of 175 wound swabs sample were collected aseptically from surgical site infection during the study period. Standard bacteriological methods were used for isolation and identification of organisms and their susceptibility pattern.Results: A total of 175 wound swab samples were collected from surgery departments. Out of 175 samples 102 (58.28%) were positive by culture. Among the isolated organisms the gram negative bacilli were predominant 67 (65.68%) than the gram positive cocci 35 (34.32%).The most common isolated bacteria were Escherichia.coli 30(29.41%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus 28 (27.45%) Pseudomonous areuginosa 20(29.85%), Acinetobacter spp 08(11.94%), Coaggulase negative Staphylococcus (CONS) 07(6.86%) Klebsiella pneumoniae 05(4.90%), Proteus spp 03(4.45%), and Citobacter spp 01(1.49%). Among the total 175 samples 114(65.14%) were collected from male patients and 61(34.86%) were from female patients. All the isolated gram negative bacilli showed resistant to all antibiotics and all isolated gram positive cocci were resistant to all antibiotics except Linezolid. Among the isolated Staphylococcus aureus 8 (24.85%) were MRSA and one (3.57%) were VRSA. The most effective antibiotics were Amikacin, Meropenem, Imipenem and Tazobactam in this study.Conclusion: Surgical site infections remain the commonest post operative complications after surgery and one of the commonest encountered hospital acquired infections. Therefore, periodic review needs be done to find out the causative agents and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern for better treatment and managementBangladesh Journal of Infectious Disease 2015;2(2):28-32

scholarly journals Beta-Lactamases Production in Multi-drug Resistant Acinetobacter species Isolated from Different Clinical Specimens

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Mary Neupane ◽  
Sudeep K.C. ◽  
Subash Kumar Thakur ◽  
Om Prakash Panta ◽  
Dev Raj Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Acinetobacter spp. from different clinical specimens and detect different types of β-lactamase enzymes. Methods: Different clinical samples were collected and 125 Acinetobacter spp. were isolated.  Various biochemical tests were carried out to speciate the Acinetobacter spp. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern and β-lactamase enzymes like Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), Metallo β-lactamase (MBL) and AmpC β-lactamase were determined. Results: Of the total 125 isolates, the most predominant species was Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-A. baumannii (Acb) complex (80%). Highest rate of isolation of Acinetobacter species were from in-patients (neonates’ blood sample).  Among all, 44.8% isolates were found to be MDR with the majority being resistant to aminoglycosides, carbapenems and fluoroquinolones but not to colistin. ESBL, MBL and AmpC beta-lactamase was detected in 43.2%, 15.2% and 1.6% of the isolates respectively. Conclusion: Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex should be considered for detection in hospitalized patients. The analysis of antibiotic susceptibility pattern and β-lactamases would be helpful to establish network surveillance in order to maintain and control the spread of these resistant strains.

scholarly journals Trends in antibiotic resistance patterns of methicillin resistant and methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College Hospital

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Akhtar Ahmed ◽  
Md Abdus Salam ◽  
Md Shakhaowat Hossain ◽  
Md Babul Aktar ◽  
Nusrat Akhtar Juyee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Background: Antimicrobial resistance in pathogens is a growing concern for health. It is a great concern around the globe about the threat of increasing antimicrobial resistance. In response to this concerns, medical experts have proposed initiatives to curtail the spread of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria. We have taken this surveillance study in KYAMCH to contain the spread of antimicrobial resistance.Objectives: To determine the prevalence of MRSA from different clinical samples and to record its current status to commonly used anti Staphylococcus antibiotics.Methods: The clinical samples were taken to the laboratory and within four hours cultured for isolates and identification pathogens. Finally, antibiotic sensitivity testing of the isolated Staphylococcus aureus was performed. Results: More than 80% of MRSA isolates were resistant to ampicillin (98%) followed by amoxicillin, cefixime and azithromycin with 94%, 93.5% and 85% respectively and maximum sensitivity toward tobramycin with 86% followed by 85% gentamicin and 79% meropenem.Conclusion: The detected trend in antibiotic resistance patterns of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in this study is alarming. This has created a huge clinical burden in the hospital settings as well as in the community.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-1, April 2018, Page 6-10

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