scholarly journals Hydrocarbon Degradation Potential of Heterotrophic Bacteria Isolated from Oil Polluted Sites in Sakpenwa Community in Rivers State

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Akwukwaegbu ◽  
P. O. Okerentugba ◽  
G. C. Okpokwasili ◽  
H. O. Stanley ◽  
C. J. Ugboma
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Hydrocarbon Degradation ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Biodegradation Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rivers State

In this study, hydrocarbon degradation potentials of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from oil-polluted soil were examined. Samples were collected from Sakpenwa, an oil producing community in Tai LGA of Rivers State, Nigeria and analyzed for physicochemical and microbiological properties using standard techniques. Hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (HUB) were isolated by vapour phase transfer method using mineral salt medium. The biodegradation study was carried out on a standard laboratory shaker for 30 days in Bushnell -Haas agar supplemented with 5% of crude oil. Fifteen (15) bacterial isolates were screened for hydrocarbon degradation potentials of which five isolates exhibited high hydrocarbon degradability.  The following parameters were monitored using each of the five isolates and a consortium during the biodegradation study: Colour change, Optical density (OD), pH, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH), Total Hydrocarbon Contents (THC) and Total Cuturable Heterotrophic Bacterial Counts (TCHBC). The mean TCHBC ranged from 1.65×107 to 2.27×108cfu/ml while the mean Total Culturable Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacterial Counts ranged from 1.09×104 to 3.9×105. The optical density varied from 0.09±0.02 - 2.57±0.00 and pH ranged from 2.98±0.09 - 6.98±0.09. The optical density varied to .09±0.02 - 2.57±0.00 and pH ranged from 2.98±0.09 -0.98±0.09. The gravimetric analysis showed that Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp. Alcaligenes sp. and Acinetobacter sp. were able to degrade 96.90%, 99.60%, 99.20% and 99.70% of the hydrocarbons respectively. This study demonstrated that indigenous bacterial species were highly efficient in the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Physicochemical Parameters Study of Oil Polluted Sites and Hydrocarbon Degradation Potentials of Heterotrophic Bacteria in Southern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
R. N. Akwukwaegbu ◽  
P. O. Okerentugba ◽  
G. C. Okpokwasili ◽  
H. O. Stanley ◽  
C. J. Ugboma
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Hydrocarbon Degradation ◽  
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Contaminant Destruction ◽  
Rivers State

In this study, hydrocarbon degradation potentials of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from oil-polluted soil were examined; Samples were collected from Sakpenwa, an oil producing community in Tai LGA of Rivers State. The amounts of hydrocarbon in the soil samples were determined using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector, GC- FID. The gravimetric analysis showed that the bacteria were capable of utilizing 96.9-99.7% the oil sample. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) carried out at 95% level of confidence showed that the degree of hydrocarbon degradation varied amongst isolates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Alcaligenes sp. showed highest degrading activities while Bacillus subtilis showed least activity. This study revealed that indigenous bacterial species possess the requisite gene necessary for hydrocarbon biodegradation. Biodegradation is most often the primary mechanism for contaminant destruction in the environment including petroleum contaminants.

Isolation and characterization of bacterial diversity from soils supplemented with electrical transformer fluids

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Nwinyi Obinna C ◽  
Alade Adetutu ◽  
Leo‐ Akpan Imaobong R ◽  
Oladele Bolaji.O
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Minimal Salt Medium ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Biomass Increase

Repetitive enrichment of soils samples from an agricultural land and newly marked dumpsite on electrical transformer fluid yielded six bacterial species that have the capacity to utilize electrical transformer fluids (askarel) as carbon and energy source. Bacterial species namely: Micrococcus, Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas spp, Norcadia and Corynebacterium were identified using morphological and biochemical characteristics. The abilities of these bacterial species to utilize the electrical transformer fluids as carbon source in minimal salt medium (MSM); sub cultured in concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20μL of electrical transformer fluids were investigated for twenty‐one days period. Physiological changes in terms of biomass increase were monitored by measuring the pH and optical density of the culture medium. From the results obtained, there was observed a general decrease in the pH and  increase in Optical density (O.D). The mean pH and O.D. readings ranged between (4.34‐6.13 and 0.073‐0.386) respectively. The decreased pH could justify for the acidic metabolites produced in the course of utilization of askarel as growth substrates. This study suggested that, the tropical ecosystems can provide exotic bacterial species that are capable of degrading or mineralizing polychlorinated biphenyls and their derivatives from dumpsites and agricultural soils.

scholarly journals Characterization of Indigenous Bacterial Communities in Crude-Oil Impacted Sites at Obagi Town, Onelga, Rivers State, Nigeria

Fine Focus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Chioma Blaise Chikere ◽  
Chinyere Augusta Ajuzieogu ◽  
Michael Chukwugoziem Miller
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria

Hydrocarbon utilizers are expected to be indigenous in crude-oil polluted environments. The isolation and characterization of hydrocarbon utilizers is often a key strategy in bioremediation of hydrocarbon-polluted environments. In this study, crude-oil polluted soil samples from Obagi town, Onelga, Rivers state were enumerated and characterized for putative hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial populations. Biochemical characterization identified five bacterial species representative of five genera: Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Micrococcus and Staphylococcus. Amongst the genera of bacteria isolated, Bacillus had the highest frequency of occurrence (40%). The mean count of total heterotrophic bacteria was 1.7 X 107 cfu/g, while hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (HUB) count mean density was 1.0 X 107 cfu/g for the three soil samples. Statistical analyses revealed no significant difference at p>0.05 between Total Heterotrophic Bacterial (THB) and Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacterial (HUB) counts, suggesting that most of the bacteria present in the sampled sites were hydrocarbon utilizers. Findings from this study suggest the presence of indigenous putative hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria in the crude-oil polluted soil of Obagi town. Hence, a promising potential exists for future bioremediation studies on the site.

Oscillating conditions for influencing the composition of mixed biological cultures

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 259-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarne R. Horntvedt ◽  
Morten Rambekk ◽  
Rune Bakke
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Similar Strategy ◽  
Sinusoidal Oscillations ◽  
Specific Growth Rates ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Concentration Levels

This paper presents a strategy in which mixed biological cultures are exposed to oscillating concentration levels, to improve the potential for coexistence of desired bacterial species. A mechanistic mathematical model is constructed to investigate and illustrate this strategy. This paper is focused on competition between nitrifying, denitrifying and aerobic heterotrophic bacteria in a CSTR with sludge recycle. For nitrifying and aerobic heterotrophic cultures, the effect of sinusoidal oscillations in DO levels with an amplitude of 1.0 mg/l is a 16% specific growth rate reduction compared to that at a constant DO level. The denitrifiers growth rate is increased by an average of 59%, compared to the constant DO level situation. A similar strategy has been tested in a pilot plant. It is concluded that the influence on specific growth rates is a function of the amplitude of the oscillations. The effects are greatest when concentrations fluctuate around the half saturation concentration of the rate limiting component(s).

scholarly journals O15 Using a smartphone app to characterise and quantify skin colour changes in Raynaud's attacks

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Dinsdale ◽  
Joanne Manning ◽  
Ariane Herrick ◽  
Mark Dickinson ◽  
Christopher Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Skin Colour ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Bhattacharyya Distance ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background/Aims  The lack of objective outcome measures for Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) has been a major limiting factor in development of effective treatments. At present, the Raynaud's Condition Score (RCS) is the only validated outcome measure, and is highly subjective. Mobile phone technology could provide a way forward. We have developed a smartphone app for RP monitoring that guides the patient through the process of capturing images of their hands during RP episodes, as well as capturing other data through post-attack and daily questionnaires. One of the objectives of our research programme (reported here) was to compare digital image (photographic) parameters to the RCS. Methods  40 patients with RP (8 with primary RP, 32 with RP secondary to systemic sclerosis) were recruited (40 female, median age (range): 57 years (25-74), median (range) duration of RP symptoms: 17 (0-53) years). Patients were given a smartphone handset with a pre-installed Raynaud’s Monitoring app and were trained on how to use it/take usable photographs. They were then asked to take photographs of RP attacks over a 14 day period and also to record the RCS for each episode. The app specifically prompts the patient to take a picture of their hand every minute during an attack, until confirmation is given that the attack is complete. At a 2nd visit, the handsets, images, and data were collected for analysis. The mean colour change during each RP attack was quantified (semi-automated method) by the Bhattacharyya distance (BD) in colour space between a region of interest (e.g. a section of a digit) and a control region (dorsal hand). BD was then compared to the RCS using ANOVA, after controlling for patient variability in the range of RCS values used by each patient. Results  A total of 3,030 images were collected, describing 229 RP attacks. The median RCS reported was 6 (inter-quartile range [IQR]: 4), while the median for BD was 5.6 (IQR 3.2). ANOVA showed that measured values of the mean image BD were significantly different when different values of RCS were recorded by the patient (p < 0.001), i.e. attacks where patients selected different values of RCS had significantly different values of BD. Across all attacks/patients the F-value from ANOVA for RCS was 76.2, suggesting that the variation in BD for different values of RCS is much greater than the variation in BD for any one value of RCS. Conclusion  Patients successfully used a smartphone app to collect photographs and data during episodes of RP. A strong association was found between skin colour change (via BD) and the gold-standard RCS. Mobile phone-documented colour change therefore has potential as an objective measure of RP. Further validation work is now required, as well as studies examining sensitivity to change. Disclosure  G. Dinsdale: None. J. Manning: None. A. Herrick: None. M. Dickinson: None. C. Taylor: None.

scholarly journals Quantitation of Bacteria in Blood of Typhoid Fever Patients and Relationship between Counts and Clinical Features, Transmissibility, and Antibiotic Resistance

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1683-1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Wain ◽  
To Song Diep ◽  
Vo Anh Ho ◽  
Amanda M. Walsh ◽  
Nguyen Thi Tuyet Hoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Independent Association ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Salmonella typhi was isolated from 369 andSalmonella paratyphi A was isolated from 6 of 515 Vietnamese patients with suspected enteric fever. Compared with conventional broth culture of blood, direct plating of the buffy coat had a diagnostic sensitivity of 99.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 97.1 to 100%). Blood bacterial counts were estimated by the pour plate method. The median S. typhi count in blood was 1 CFU/ml (range, <0.3 to 387 CFU/ml), of which a mean of 63% (95% CI, 58 to 67%) were intracellular. The mean number of bacteria per infected leukocyte was 1.3 (interquartile range [IQR], 0.7 to 2.4) CFU/cell (n = 81). Children (<15 years old;n = 115) had higher median blood bacterial counts than adults (n = 262): 1.5 (range, <0.3 to 387) versus 0.6 (range, <0.3 to 17.7) CFU/ml (P = 0.008), and patients who excreted S. typhi in feces had higher bacteremias than those who did not: a median of 3 (range, <0.3 to 32) versus 1 (range, <0.3 to 68) CFU/ml (P = 0.02). Blood bacterial counts declined with increasing duration of illness (P = 0.002) and were higher in infections caused by multidrug-resistant S. typhi (1.3 [range, <0.3 to 387] CFU/ml; n = 313) than in infections caused by antibiotic-sensitive S. typhi (0.5 [range, <0.3 to 32] CFU/ml; n = 62) (P = 0.006). In a multivariate analysis this proved to be an independent association, suggesting a relationship between antibiotic resistance and virulence in S. typhi.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physicochemical Characteristics of Surface Water from Orashi River, Rivers State, Southern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Onisogen Simeon Edori ◽  
Enize Simeon Edori
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Rivers State

Water samples were collected from four different stations bimonthly from the Orashi River for a period of one year. The samples were collected from the shores of selected communities along the Engenni axis of the river. The samples were treated and analyzed according to standard laboratory and analytical procedures for water physicochemical parameters. The parameters examined were pH, Salinity, chlorides (Cl-), Conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS) turbidity, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrates (NO3-), sulphate (SO42-) and phosphates (PO43-). The results showed that the mean values of the evaluated parameters were; pH (6.91±0.11), salinity (9.79±0.27 mg/L), Cl (6.25±0.25 mg/L), conductivity (29.66±1.20 µS/cm), TDS (17.66±2.08 mg/L), TSS (16.83±1.15 mg/L), turbidity (11.84±1.50 mg/L), temperature (28.16±0.12 oC), DO (5.91±0.18 mg/L), BOD (7.30±0.60 mg/L), COD (9.41±0.70 mg/L), NO3- (3.42±0.27 mg/L), SO42- (1.15±0.56 mg/L) and PO43- (15.65±5.76 mg/L). The results of the different parameters showed that all of them fall within the WHO acceptable limit except turbidity, DO and BOD that were not within the recommended range, then COD and phosphates that were either within or above the recommended values at different instances. Based on the findings of this work, the water may not be particularly suitable for drinking purposes, but can be used for other household functions that do not require consumption and also for irrigation. Keywords: water, physicochemical property, human activity, environment, contamination

scholarly journals Prevalence and Demographic Correlates of Seropositive HIV and HBsAg Cases among Women Booking for Antenatal Care at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
P. A. Awoyesuku ◽  
D. A. Macpepple ◽  
B. O. Altraide ◽  
D. H. John
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
P Value ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
State University ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rivers State

Background: Infection with hepatitis B (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are global public health problems. These infections during pregnancy increase the risk of maternal morbidity and mortality, and also pose a risk to the fetus due to mother to child transmission. Objective: To determine the prevalence of seropositive HIV and HBsAg cases amongst pregnant women at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH). Methodology: A retrospective review of hospital and laboratory records of all pregnant women booked at RSUTH in two years, from May 2017 to April 2019, was carried out. Data on patients’ age, parity and educational level and reactivity of HIV and HBsAg test at booking were retrieved using structured proforma and analyzed using Epi Info Version 7. Test for significance using Chi-square was set at a significant level of P<0.05. Results: 3560 patients had HIV and HBsAg screening out of which 148 (4.2%) and 9 (0.3%) respectively were positive. The comorbidity rate in this study was 0.06%. The mean age was 31.5±4.7 years and the mean gestational age at booking was 22.1±6.8 weeks. There was no significant relationship between their age (χ2 = 2.690, p-value=0.442) and parity (χ2 = 3.759, p-value = 0.145) with HIV seropositivity, but these were significant for HBsAg (χ2 = 13.691, p-value = 0.003) (χ2 = 13.121, p-value=0.001).  Educational status was significant for HIV (χ2 = 16.188, p-value=0.000) but not for HBsAg (χ2 = 0.229, p-value=0.892). Conclusion: The seroprevalence rate of HIV and HBsAg in this study were low. HIV seroprevalence was significantly affected by lower education, while HBsAg seroprevalence was significantly affected by younger maternal age and nulliparity. Continued screening of pregnant women for these infections remains valuable and further community-based studies to identify risk factors are recommended.

Air and hygiene quality in crowded housing environments – a case study of subdivided units in Hong Kong

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka Man Lai ◽  
Ka Man Lee ◽  
William Yu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Building Conditions ◽  
Skin Bacteria ◽  
Allergen Analysis ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

The purpose of this study is to explore the environmental quality and hygiene in crowded living environments, subdivided units in Hong Kong. Subdivided units are an emerging form of housing environment for the urban poor. It is hypothesised that subdivided unit residents have a higher risk of exposure to poor hygiene conditions but no measurement has ever been taken to test this hypothesis. Twenty questionnaires and environmental assessments were conducted. Dominant bacterial species were identified as Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus spp., and the microbial counts were correlated with building, occupants and environmental parameters. Driven by the high bacterial counts and poor hygiene observation, eight subdivided units were selected for endotoxin, glucan and allergen analysis in bed and floor dust. Total airborne bacterial counts and endotoxin and glucan in dust were found at very high levels in some subdivided units, while unexpectedly, the allergen and mould levels were low. In crowded environments the skin bacteria may mislead the environmental and atmospheric bacterial contamination. Outdoor microbial pollution and deteriorated building conditions can be the main source of indoor contamination. ‘Good’ or ‘Excellent’ class of bacterial counts satisfying the Indoor Air Quality Objective does not guarantee a low endotoxin and glucan level.

Propolis and Commonly Used Intracanal Irrigants. Comparative Evaluation of Inflammatory Potential

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Jolly ◽  
N Singh ◽  
M Rathore ◽  
S Tandon ◽  
S Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Model Method ◽  
Short Term Evaluation ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
Physiologic Saline ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Optical Density

The present study evaluated the inflammatory/irritant potential of propolis in comparison with commonly used intracanal irrigants such as chlorhexidine and calcium hydroxide, with normal saline solution as control using an animal (Wistar rats) model. Method: 2% Evans blue was intravenously injected into the lateral caudal vein. 0.1 ml each of the test solutions was intradermally injected into the experimental sites designed on their shaved backs. The animals were then sacrificed after 1½ and 3 hours respectively. Each piece of skin containing the injected solution was excised, immersed in 4ml formamide and incubated at 45°C for 72 hours. After filtration with glass wool, optical density(OD) was measured using a spectro-photometer and analyzed statistically. Results: At 620 nm irrespective of time, the mean optical density with Calcium Hydroxide was found to be maximum (0.197±0.095) while that with DMSO Propolis was found to be minimum (0.070±0.016). Both at 90 min and 180 min, the mean optical density with Calcium Hydroxide was found to be maximum. Conclusions: On short term evaluation, maximum inflammation was seen with calcium hydroxide followed by chlorhexidine and DMSO extract of propolis. Minimum inflammation was seen with sterile physiologic saline. With progress of time, maximum inflammation was seen with calcium hydroxide followed by chlorhexidine and DMSO extract of propolis which was non-significant.

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