scholarly journals Assessment of the Physicochemical and Bacteriological Quality of Public Swimming Pool in Selected Hotels in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olajumoke Evelyn Onifade ◽  
Busayo Mutiat Olowe ◽  
John Obasanmi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Recreational Facility ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Before And After

The physicochemical and bacteriological assessment of pool water samples from selected hotels in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria was investigated. A total of 10 pool water samples were collected from five pools before and after use following standard procedures. Physicochemical and bacteriological analyses were performed using standard methods. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was carried out according to CLSI procedures. Physicochemical analyses showed that the pool water samples were clear and colourless. The different parameters examined for each of the hotel showed varying degree of values. On the average, it was observed that values for turbidity, temperature and total dissolved solids were above the WHO and EPA permissible limit after use. The total bacterial, coliform and Escherichia coli counts of the pool water samples were higher after use than before use. A total of 21 isolates were recovered and presumptively identified as Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. From among the 21 isolates, 14 (66.7%) were Escherichia coli, 5 (23.8%) were Enterococcus faecalis while only 2 (9.5%) were Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All the isolates tested for antibiotic sensitivity showed considerable resistance to some of the antibiotics used. Findings from this study showed that some of the pools sampled did not meet up to WHO and EPA standards. Hence, the need for an effective and urgent intervention in constant monitoring of recreational facility to safeguard the health of the pool users.

scholarly journals Atividade antibacteriana de extratos de folhas de Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott (Araceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4 suppl 3) ◽  
pp. 1142-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A.L MIRANDA ◽  
J.A. ROCHA ◽  
K.M. ARAÚJO ◽  
P.V. QUELEMES ◽  
S.J. MAYO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis

RESUMO O uso de plantas medicinais no tratamento de doenças é uma estratégia antiga utilizada por praticamente todas as populações do mundo, e, embora novos antibióticos tenham sido desenvolvidos para o controle de micro-organismos infecciosos, às vezes são ineficazes. Diversos extratos de plantas medicinais têm efeitos antimicrobianos, principalmente quando associados à antibióticos de uso clínico, representando alternativa terapêutica para doenças infecciosas. Montrichardia linifera, conhecida popularmente como aninga, é espécie macrófita, aquática emergente de hábito herbáceo, pertencente a família Araceae e ocorre em áreas alagáveis. A utilidade farmacológica desta espécie é diversificada tendo sido relatada como cicatrizante, antirreumático, antidiurético e expectorante. Devido à relevância no campo etnofarmacológico, ampla utilização na medicina popular e escassez de trabalhos relacionados à atividade antibacteriana desta espécie, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a atividade antibacteriana de extratos alcoólicos de folhas de Montrichardia linifera, coletadas na margem do rio Igaraçu, Parnaíba-PI. O extrato foi testado em oito cepas de bactérias: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Foram utilizadas as técnicas de verificação da formação de halos de inibição e determinação das concentrações inibitórias e bactericidas mínimas. Os testes antibacterianos evidenciaram como principais resultados que o extrato metanólico seco (EMS), extrato metanólico fresco (EMF), e o extrato etanólico seco (EES), apresentaram ação antibacteriana, enquanto o extrato etanólico fresco (EEF) não apresentou atividade para as bactérias testadas. O EMS foi o mais eficiente, inibindo o crescimento bacteriano na concentração de 200 μg/mL para E. faecalis, 400 μg/mL para S. aureus, 400 μg/mL para S. epidermidis e 2.000 μg/mL para P. aeruginosa. O EMF obteve CIM de 2.000 μg/mL para E. faecalis e EES obteve CIM de 250 μg/mL para E. faecalis. Os resultados demonstraram que M. linifera constitui fonte eficiente de compostos bioativos antibacterianos. Os estudos sobre as propriedades farmacológicas de plantas da família Araceae são escassos, e os resultados deste trabalho são pioneiros em relação a atividade antibacteriana desta espécie.

scholarly journals Efeito antimicrobiano do extrato de Cranberry sobre micro-organismos causadores de infecção urinária

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (31) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Carla Franco Porto Belmont Souza ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Souza da Silva Irineu ◽  
Renan Silva De Souza ◽  
Renato da Silva Teixeira ◽  
Ivina Sanches Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽  
Mueller Hinton

A resistência microbiana tem se mostrado um problema de proporções mundiais, causando estado de morbidade e mortalidade em diversos pacientes. Em vista disso, tem crescido a busca por métodos alternativos naturais de profilaxia. A investigação clínica sugere que o Extrato de Cranberry está entre as melhores propostas de prevenção natural. O Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) é um fruto que tem crescido comercialmente pelo sabor e propriedades benéficas à saúde. Dentre as formas comercializadas estão: o suco, o chá e as cápsulas contendo o extrato seco. A ação desta planta está relacionada ao tratamento de doenças do trato urinário, por possuir substâncias que inibem a adesão bacteriana ao epitélio do trato urinário, dificultando sua proliferação e reprodução. Dentre todas as infecções relacionadas à assistência a saúde, a Infecção do Trato Urinário é a mais frequentemente associada a procedimentos invasivos. Se não for tratada, pode resultar em complicações como pielonefrite aguda, bacteremia e pionefrose. Portanto, cranberry pode ser uma nova alternativa para o combate das infecções uroepiteliais, por ser um produto natural de preço acessível, e com formas de comercialização diversificada, ao contrário dos antimicrobianos convencionais, que por sua vez são caros e podem acabar causando resistência nos micro-organismos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar in vitro a atividade antimicrobiana do extrato de Cranberry, adquirido em farmácia de manipulação, sobre 8 micro-organismos isolados de infecções urinárias. As cepas utilizadas, adquiridas da coleção da FIOCRUZ, foram: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marscecens, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis e Enterococcus faecium. No estudo, foram utilizados o caldo Mueller Hinton (MH), Extrato de Cranberry e as bactérias patogênicas. O ensaio foi realizado em triplicata, com o uso de um controle de crescimento dos micro-organismos e o experimento para avaliação do crescimento bacteriano na presença do extrato. A turbidez foi medida com o auxílio de um espectrofotômetro, no comprimento de onda de 600 nm, antes e após 24 horas de incubação à 37 ºC. O procedimento forneceu a Densidade Ótica, do qual possibilitou a identificação da inibição microbiana. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o Teste t de Student. O Extrato de Cranberry apresentou atividade antimicrobiana sobre as bactérias Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Serratia marscecens e Enterococcus faecalis (p < 0,05), confirmando seu efeito benéfico em infecções urinárias. No entanto, não teve efeito inibitório significativo sobre Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis e Enterococcus faecium (p > 0,05).

scholarly journals High Levels of Antibiotic Resistance in Isolates From Diseased Livestock

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Asyiqin Haulisah ◽  
Latiffah Hassan ◽  
Siti Khairani Bejo ◽  
Saleh Mohammed Jajere ◽  
Nur Indah Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Livestock Health ◽  
High Level

Overuse of antimicrobials in livestock health and production beyond therapeutic needs has been highlighted in recent years as one of the major risk factors for the acceleration of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of bacteria in both humans and animals. While there is an abundance of reports on AMR in clinical isolates from humans, information regarding the patterns of resistance in clinical isolates from animals is scarce. Hence, a situational analysis of AMR based on clinical isolates from a veterinary diagnostic laboratory was performed to examine the extent and patterns of resistance demonstrated by isolates from diseased food animals. Between 2015 and 2017, 241 cases of diseased livestock were received. Clinical specimens from ruminants (cattle, goats and sheep), and non-ruminants (pigs and chicken) were received for culture and sensitivity testing. A total of 701 isolates were recovered from these specimens. From ruminants, Escherichia coli (n = 77, 19.3%) predominated, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (n = 73, 18.3%). Antibiotic sensitivity testing (AST) revealed that E. coli resistance was highest for penicillin, streptomycin, and neomycin (77–93%). In addition, S. aureus was highly resistant to neomycin, followed by streptomycin and ampicillin (68–82%). More than 67% of E. coli isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR) and only 2.6% were susceptible to all the tested antibiotics. Similarly, 65.6% of S. aureus isolates were MDR and only 5.5% were susceptible to all tested antibiotics. From non-ruminants, a total of 301 isolates were recovered. Escherichia coli (n = 108, 35.9%) and Staphylococcus spp. (n = 27, 9%) were the most frequent isolates obtained. For E. coli, the highest resistance was against amoxicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and neomycin (95–100%). Staphylococcus spp. had a high level of resistance to streptomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and gentamicin (80–100%). The MDR levels of E. coli and Staphylococcus spp. isolates from non-ruminants were 72.2 and 74.1%, respectively. Significantly higher resistance level were observed among isolates from non-ruminants compared to ruminants for tetracycline, amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.

scholarly journals FLORAL EXTRACT OF Tibouchina granulosa (DESR.) COGN. PHYTOCHEMISTRY PROSPECTION, AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos Pereira de Menezes Filho ◽  
Matheus Vinícius Abadia Ventura ◽  
Carlos Frederico de Souza Castro
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Salt Formation ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Positive Results

Tibouchina granulosa is a species that blooms annually in several regions of Brazil. This species is still little explored in terms of phytocompounds in all organs of this plant, especially the floral organ. Flowers of T. granulosa were collected in the municipality of Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil, in 2021. The hydroethanolic floral extract was prepared by maceration and qualitative phytochemical (colorimetric reactions and salt formation) and antibacterial analyzes performed and the results expressed in millimeters of inhibition at different concentrations in mg mL-1. Several phytochemical classes were observed with positive results, especially for alkaloids, phenolics, oxylates, saponins, carbohydrates and tannins. As for the bacterial assay, potential antibacterial activity was observed for all bacterial strains tested, except for Salmonella serovar Thyphymurium and serovar Enteritidis. Expressive inhibitions were observed for Enterococcus faecalis > Pseudomonas aeruginosa > Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at the highest concentrations between 100-50 mg mL-1. The floral extract of Tibouchina granulosa showed phytotherapeutic potential with the presence of several phytochemical groups and expressive antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals UTILIZAÇÃO DE GÁS OZÔNIO NA DESINFECÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS DE SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-139
Author(s):  
Thais Nogueira Gonzaga ◽  
Dora Inés Kozusny-Andreani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Nesta pesquisa objetivou-se avaliar a viabilidade técnica da aplicação de ozônio como bactericida e fungicida em amostras de resíduos de serviços de saúde potencialmente infectantes. Foram determinados os     micro-organismos presentes nos resíduos gerados em um hospital particular. Para realização das análises microbiológicas e o tratamento com ozônio o material foi particulado e homogeneizado. As análises microbiológicas foram realizadas antes e após a ozonização.Para os testes de desinfecção foram retirados 10,0g de amostra que foi submetida à ozonização por 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25 minutos com doses de 140,0; 280,0; 420,0; 560,0 e 700,0mg L-1 de ozônio, respectivamente. Verificou-se presença de mesófilos totais, coliformes totais e termotolerantes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus spp, Candida albicans e Rhizopus spp. O ozônio foi eficiente para eliminação de todos os micro-organismos em 20 minutos; nos primeiros cinco minutos de exposição ao gás verificou-se redução superior a 98%.Palavras-chave: Bactérias patogênicas. Fungos. Ozonização. USING OZONE GAS FOR DISINFECTION OF SOLID WASTE FROM HEALTH CARE SERVICES ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to evaluate the technical viability of the application of ozone as bactericide and fungicide in samples of potentially infectious health services residues. The microorganisms present in the waste generated in a private hospital were determined. The material was particulated and homogenized to perform the microbiological analysis and to undergo ozone treatment. Microbiological analysis was performed before and after ozonization. For the disinfection tests, 10.0g of sample were removed and submitted to ozonization for 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 minutes with 140,0; 280,0; 420,0; 560,0 and 700,0mg doses of L-1 of ozone, respectively. It was verified the presence of total mesophiles, total and thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus spp, Candida albicans and Rhizopus spp. Ozone was efficient while eliminating all microorganisms in 20 minutes; in the first five minutes of gas exposure, the reduction was greater than 98%.Keywords: Pathogenic bacteria. Fungi. Ozonization.

scholarly journals Emergence of Colistin Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in a Tertiary Care Rural Hospital in 2019

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
Abdullah Akhtar Ahmed ◽  
Nusrat Akhtar Juyee ◽  
SM Ali Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Rural Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Gram Negative

Background: Colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is a rapidly emerging global threatgenerated a sense of public alarm. Objective: To combat this challenge a study was designedto evaluate the fast spreading infections by colistin-resistant pathogens in the tertiary care rural hospital of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: To study isolation ofpathogenic gram-negative bacilli,clinical sample (n-640) of hospitalized patients of Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College Hospital in Enayetpur, Bangladesh during the 1st quarter of the year 2019 were used. The bacterial isolates were screened for meropenem and colistin-resistance. Results: A total of 156 bacterial isolates were studied which included Escherichia coli (n-112), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n-14), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n-27), and Salmonella typhi (n-3). Antibiotic sensitivity testing showed that 32/156(20%) and 119/156 (76%) isolates were resistant to meropenem and colistin, respectively. whereas 50/156 (32%) isolates were resistant to both antibiotics. Escherichia coli, K. pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi isolates respectivelywere 112/156 (72%), 14/156 (9%). 27/156 (17%), and 3/156 (2%). Conclusion: Colistin is typically used as salvage therapy, or last-line treatment, for MDR gramnegative infections.But there is worrisome therapeutic scenario in our study finding of colistin resistance is 76% in Gram-negative bacteria of the clinical isolates. The restricted and rational use of colistin drug is the need of hour. KYAMC Journal Vol. 11, No.-2, July 2020, Page 87-90

scholarly journals Componentes químicos y actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de Lasiocephalus ovatus (Asteraceae) que crece en Ecuador

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Liliana Margarita Araujo Baptista ◽  
Katerine Vimos-Sisa ◽  
Rosa Cruz-Tenempaguay ◽  
Félix Falconí-Ontaneda ◽  
Luis Rojas-Fermín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis

Ecuador es uno de los países más ricos en biodiversidad y endemismo del mundo, y cerca de 3200 especies de plantas tienen usos medicinales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la composición química y el efecto antimicrobiano del aceite esencial de Lasiocephalus ovatus Schltdl. (Asteraceae) colectada en la provincia de Chimborazo, Ecuador. Las partes aéreas de L. ovatus fueron sometidas a hidrodestilación para obtener el aceite esencial, el cual fue analizado mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas. La actividad fue evaluada frente a cinco bacterias y una levadura usando la técnica de microdilución en caldo en microplacas de 96 pozos. El rendimiento del aceite fue de 0,05 % y 27 compuestos fueron identificados, representando 95,45 % de la composición total con un elevado contenido de monoterpenos oxigenados (52,17 %). Los compuestos mayoritarios fueron alcanfor (40,48 %) y 1,2,5,5-tetrametil-1,3-ciclopentadieno (11,90 %), seguido por p-menta-1,5-dien-8-ol (5,23 %) y 1,6-dimetilhepta-1,3,5-trieno (4,69 %). Las bacterias más sensibles a la acción del aceite fueron Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 y Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 con concentraciones mínimas inhibitorias de 200-400 μg/mL y bactericidas de 800 μg/mL. La inhibición antimicrobiana frente a las bacterias Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603 y la levadura Candida albicans ATCC 10231 fue baja, con un rango de concentración mínima inhibitoria de 800 a 6400 μg/mL. Este reporte representa un primer análisis de la actividad antimicrobiana del aceite de L. ovatus, por lo tanto, una contribución importante al estudio del género Lasiocephalus.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Efficacy of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate against Therapy Resistant Endodontic Microorganisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-145
Author(s):  
Mst Laila Akter Banu ◽  
AKM Bashar ◽  
Md Mujibur Rahman Howlader ◽  
Md Shamsul Alam ◽  
Md Ashraf Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition

Microorganisms, usually from the dental caries, are the main sources of diseases in dental pulp (root canals) and periapical region. Facultative bacteria and fungi have been identified in therapy resistant persistent endodontic infection. The objectives of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Mineral Tri Oxide Aggregate (MTA) against therapy resistant endodontic microorganisms. The efficacy of MTA was also compared with that of calcium hydroxide. Six standard bacterial stains were used: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis. The agar diffusion method on Muller- Hilton media was employed. The plates containing media were inoculated with the specified bacterial suspensions. Two standard holes were prepared on each microorganism inoculated plate with a copper puncher and one hole was completely filled with MTA & the other with Ca (OH)2 . The plates were then kept at environmental temperature for one hour to ensure prediffusion and then incubated at 370C for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the diameters of inhibition zones were measured. Tests were replicated for thirty times for each sample and mean values were taken. Zone of inhibition as measured for MTA and Ca (OH)2 were statistically analyzed with Student’s t-Test and Post Hoc Games Howell Test and were presented as mean ± SD to compare of efficacy of MTA and calcium hydroxide on different microorganisms. Both MTA and Ca(OH)2 were found to produce zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), , Bacillus subtilis (BTCC 17 ), and Candida albicans (BTCC 493). MTA showed highest activity against S. aureus and lowest activity against P. aeruginosa which was similar to the activity range of Ca (OH)2 against the mentioned organisms. But both of them failed to produce any activity against E. coli and. E. faecalis. MTA was found to produce a lower efficacy than Ca (OH)2 while comparing the zone of inhibition between them and statistically it was significant. Mineral Tri Oxide Aggregate (MTA) showed antimicrobial efficacy against some therapy resistant microorganisms but it did not show antimicrobial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. MTA was found to produce a lower antimicrobial efficacy than Ca (OH)2.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(3): 140-145

scholarly journals Correlation of biofilm production with antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from various clinical specimens

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
M Swapna ◽  
G Sumathi ◽  
M Anitha
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most prevalent nosocomial pathogens that cause a life-threatening infection. One of the important characteristics of P. aeruginosa is biofilm formation which leads to antibiotic resistance. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the antibiotic resistance pattern of P. aeruginosa isolates and correlation with their biofilm-production. Materials and Methods: A total of 87 P. aeruginosa isolates from different clinical specimens were processed and confirmed by conventional microbiological methods as per standard methodology. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was done for all isolates. Biofilm producing isolates were identified by the microtiter plate method (MTPM). Results: Of 87 P. aeruginosa isolates, majority were from pus 33 (38%), followed by urine 26 (30%), sputum 19 (22%), body fluids 7 (8%), and blood 2 (2%). Biofilm producing isolates showed more resistance in comparison to non-biofilm producers. The observed difference between biofilm formation for multidrug resistant and susceptible isolates was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: MTPM method was an effective test for detection of biofilm formation and was also able to verify biofilm production by P. aeruginosa. This indicated a higher propensity among the clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa to form biofilm and revealed a positive correlation between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. This indicates the need for testing of even susceptible isolates for virulence factors such as biofilm production.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Honey on Some Bacterial Isolates from Selected Brands of Sachet Water Sold within Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
V. N. Agi ◽  
C. P. Aleru ◽  
C. A. Azike ◽  
O. A. Ollor ◽  
D. U. Alonyenu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Sachet Water

Background: The present study was carried out to assess the antimicrobial effect of honey on bacterial isolates from sachet water sold within Eligbolo Community in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Methodology: Five brands of sachet water commonly consumed by the people living in Eligbolo Community of Port Harcourt, Nigeria were purchased from different Vendors in the community. Nutrient and MacConkey agar plates were used for culturing of water samples using spread plate method. Ten-fold serial dilution and Most Probable Number (MPN) were among the methods used and the samples analyzed were according to standard procedures. Natural honey purchased from Ogbokolo in Benue State, Nigeria was used for susceptibility testing. Quality control, ant inhibition and water test methods were performed using the honey to confirm its originality before use. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done using the agar well diffusion method. Results: Results obtained showed the bacterial isolated from the 5 sachet brands of water. These include Bacillus species 5 (62.5%), Enterococcus faecalis 1 (12.5%), Staphylococcus epidermidis 1 (12.5%), and Escherichia coli 1 (12.5%). All of the 5 sachet water samples analyzed failed to meet the WHO drinking water standard of zero coliform per 100 ml making them unsuitable for human consumption. Faecal coliform was isolated from sample C indicating faecal contamination of the drinking water. The sensitivity of the isolates to the honey sample showed higher zone of inhibition compared to the standard antibiotic used as control. Staphylococcus epidermidis showed the highest zone of inhibition (39 mm), followed by Escherichia coli (37 mm), Bacillus species (35 mm) and Enterococcus faecalis (32 mm) respectively. Conclusion: The results revealed that honey has a broad antimicrobial spectrum against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and could provide alternative agent to overcome the problem of increasingly bacteria resistance to synthetic antimicrobial agents. It is therefore, recommended that further work should be encouraged for the extraction of the crude components of honey and their use for antibiotic production.

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