scholarly journals THE BEACH REHABILITATION PROJECT AT OSTEND-BELGIUM

1988 ◽  
Vol 1 (21) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
R. Simoen ◽  
H. Verslype ◽  
D. Vandenbossche
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Incentive ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Recreational Facilities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gravel Beach

Steady erosion has occured on the beaches at Ostend, Belgium, especially on the section between the Casino and the Harbour Entrance. The gravel beach supported by a sandfill core has been proven to be a feasible and cost effective flood protection alternative, the first objective of the long term beach enhancement programme. Secondary goals are also met such as : new beach recreational facilities in safe conditions for the public ; the economic incentive for the needed redevelopment of this part of down-town Ostend and the beach front ; the conservation of the present sea-view from the promenade.

scholarly journals Initiative for Promoting Affordable and Quality Tuberculosis Tests (IPAQT): a market-shaping intervention in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. e001539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harkesh Dabas ◽  
Sarang Deo ◽  
Manisha Sabharwal ◽  
Arnab Pal ◽  
Sachin Salim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
High Volume ◽  
High Price ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Public ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Market Shaping

A majority of patients with tuberculosis (TB) in India are diagnosed and treated in the private sector. Yet, most private providers do not use most recent WHO-endorsed microbiological tests such as liquid cultures, line probe assays and Xpert MTB/RIF due to a combination of factors such as lack of awareness, misaligned incentives and high prices that are unaffordable for patients. We designed a market-based approach to transform a high-price, low-volume market equilibrium into a low-price, high-volume equilibrium to improve the uptake of these tests. Toward this end, a non-profit consortium of private laboratories, called Initiative for Promoting Affordable and Quality Tuberculosis Tests (IPAQT) was formed in India in March 2013. It negotiated lower pricing on equipment and reagents with manufacturers, closer to that offered to the public sector. In return, IPAQT assured that this discount was passed on to patients, who typically paid for these tests out of their pockets, through an informally agreed on retail ceiling price. IPAQT also invested in demand generation activities that complemented the supply-side effort. IPAQT membership grew from 56 laboratories in 2013 to 211 in 2018. During this period, the initiative resulted in a 10-fold increase in the uptake of Xpert and a 30%–50% reduction in price. This initiative is planned to be expanded to other South Asian countries with similar TB epidemic and private market structure and dynamics. However, long-term sustainability of the initiative would require developing more cost-effective marketing activities and integration with broader private sector engagement agenda of the national TB programme.

Yoga and Healthcare in the United Kingdom

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Mason ◽  
Nicole Schnackenberg ◽  
Robin Monro
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Yoga Therapy ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Regional Hospitals

Abstract The emergence of yoga therapy in the United Kingdom began about 45 years ago with the emergence of yoga therapy organizations that offered both treatment and training. The integration of yoga into the National Health Service (NHS) is gradually happening Because: (a) yoga research supports its efficacy as a cost-effective, preventive and complementary treatment for a host of non-communicable diseases; and (b) the escalating economic burden of long-term conditions is overwhelming the NHS. The NHS is actively developing ‘sustainability and transformation plans’ that include yoga. Chief among these is ‘social prescribing,’ which empowers patients with complex health needs through activities groups. These activities reduce sedentary habits and social isolation, while helping patients to be more self-reliant. The NHS has allocated £450 million in funding to implement a variety of programs for its own staff, in which staff yoga classes were expressly mentioned. The yoga community is mobilizing forces and applying for funding to pilot relevant NHS staff yoga courses that can support the service in achieving its vision. Research shows that integrating yoga therapy for the treatment of low back pain (LBP) into the NHS would result in significant cost savings as compared with usual care. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Guidelines on LBP and sciatica include yoga as one of the recommended treatments for these conditions. Three groups of yoga teachers, using different yoga practices, have gained traction with the NHS for the application of yoga therapy to LBP. Many regional hospitals in England have yoga classes. The NHS Choices website, which conveys information to the public regarding treatment options, has a page dedicated to the health benefits of yoga. Several institutions offer comprehensive training programs in yoga therapy and yoga therapy is recognized as an official profession. The Yoga in Healthcare Alliance has been established to help integrate yoga therapy into the NHS. This consists of parliamentarians, leaders in the NHS, yoga researchers, health professionals, and representatives from leading yoga organizations.

Wastewater biosolids as an environmentally sustainable resource: Keys to success

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. LeBlanc ◽  
Conrad J. Allain ◽  
Peter J. Laughton
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Meaningful Communication

The paper traces the success of a large Canadian wastewater utility that has dealt with the issue of biosolids management and recycling to the extent that it now has more demand for its biosolids than it produces. The Greater Moncton Sewerage Commission's (GMSC) problem is not one of disposing of biosolids, but one of determining which product and uses will be best for the environment as well as being most sustainable and cost effective in the long term. Wastewater treatment and the management of the sludge or biosolids produced are global issues, with growing challenges, that must address the concerns of all of the stakeholders, including the facility administrators and operators, regulators and elected officials, the scientific community, wastewater generators, taxpayers and the general public. The failure to take into consideration the concerns of all of the stakeholders including the lack of meaningful communication with the public has resulted in predictable but preventable problems, including the banning of scientifically acceptable biosolids recycling options in different countries. Consequently, a successful and viable wastewater treatment and biosolids recycling management plan requires a "big picture" view and a sustainable approach, which takes into consideration the concerns of all stakeholders. The paper will deal with key issues to the success of an environmentally sustainable biosolids management programme.

Children in hoarded homes: A call for protection, prevention, intervention and compassionate care

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Suzanne Chabaud
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Family System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Optimal Care ◽  
Hoarding Disorder ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
The Many

Abstract This is a call for action to protect and assist children of hoarding parents. Action that minimises harm to children living in hoarded homes also promotes family safety and health. Optimal care involves the whole family system, both children and parents. Prevention of harm through early identification and intervention for hoarding can reduce the burden of a disorder that often increases in severity over a lifetime and deprives humans of a full and safe life. Helping children and their parents severely affected by hoarding disorder is for the public good. Public policy and funded programmes can reduce long-term and immense costs to children, families and the many systems hoarding affects. Specifically, public policy can facilitate and fund outreach, education, coordination of providers of health, social and public services, and research-driven methods for assessment and intervention on behalf of children, individuals and families. Releasing people from the grips of hoarding disorder can enable them to devote generative resources to themselves, their families and their communities. Ultimately, prevention of hoarding through early assessment and intervention for minors and young adults is the most efficient, long-term and cost-effective method for minimising harm. When unidentified, hoarding disorder intensifies, people go into hiding, risk increases and opportunity for detection and intervention decreases. Informing the public about hoarding disorder must be followed with sufficient resources to address it, otherwise, helplessness ensues, and people will likely remain in the hidden world it governs.

Occurrence of Pesticides and Their Removal From Aquatic Medium by Adsorption

2019 ◽  
pp. 257-279
Author(s):  
Irfan Rashid Sofi ◽  
Rayees Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Rabia Quadir ◽  
Javid Manzoor
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Adsorption Capacity

Large amounts of pesticides are used annually, and in some cases, a part of the pesticide enters the water bodies by surface runoff to form long-term residues. In the recent past, the adverse effects of pesticides on the environment and human health received serious attention by the public and the competent authorities. Various conventional methods are used to remove these pesticides from water, but those methods are either costly or typical in operation. Therefore, adsorption is considered as an ecofriendly method. The adsorbent derived from biomaterial is considered an encouraging adsorbent due to its cost-effective and high adsorption capacity. In this chapter, detailed information on different types of pesticides, their metabolites, environmental concerns, and present status on degradation methods using adsorbents will be reviewed. This chapter presents a comprehensive overview on the recent advancement in the utilization of different adsorbents for the removal of pesticides. Overall, this study assists researchers to move forward in exploring a simple and economically viable technique to produce adsorbents with outstanding physiochemical properties and excellent adsorption capacity, so that the pesticides can be removed from aquatic ecosystem.

scholarly journals Disaster Flood Scenario: Case Study of the Uh River at Lekárovce (Slovakia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 906 (1) ◽  
pp. 012102
Author(s):  
Pavla Pekárová ◽  
Ján Pekár ◽  
Dana Halmová ◽  
Pavol Miklánek ◽  
Veronika Bačová Mitková
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Design Values ◽  
Forecasting And Warning ◽  
Summer Flood

Abstract The occurrence of extreme floods in several river basins of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe over the last thirty years has drawn the attention of the public (as well as the competent authorities) to the problems of flood protection. Although the development and operational use of non-structural measures (such as flood forecasting and warning systems), represents one of the effective flood protection measures, the structural means (flood protection, levees, flood control reservoirs) are of great importance, too. Especially in the upper parts of the river basin, where the time between the detection of the causes of the flood (heavy rainfall) and its consequence (flood) is short and does not affect the effective protective activity (e.g. evacuation). Over the last 30 years, flood protections have been built along the Uh River (Slovakia, Ukraine) to protect the environment from floods. These dams adversely affected the storage capacity of water in the basin. This resulted in flood flows increase on the lower sections of the Uh River in Slovakia. These facts need to be demonstrated by the need to evaluate the proposed design values for those sections. The study presents an analysis of the long-term flood regime of the river Uh in the section Uzhhorod (Ukraine) - Lekárovce (Slovakia). The first part analyses the trend changes in the time series of maximum annual discharge Qmax in the stations Lekárovce and Uzhhorod on the basis of the observed Qmax data in these profiles (period 1931-2019). These Qmax series were subsequently used to estimate the maximum T-year discharge at the Lekárovce station for the changed conditions of the Uzhhorod - Lekárovce section. Using these derived data and the observed form of the summer flood hydrograph from July 1980, a 100-year flood scenario was developed for the Uh River in Lekárovce. The achieved results indicate a further increase in flood risk in Lekárovce.

scholarly journals ‘What if I feel it is mine?’ – The impact of psychological ownership on public participation in China's transboundary watershed eco-compensation

Water Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Ni ◽  
Yu Cai ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
Minjuan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Economic Incentive ◽  
Psychological Ownership ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
The Public ◽  
Driving Mechanisms ◽  
Degree Of Participation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Clarifying the impact of psychological ownership on public participation in transboundary eco-compensation will contribute to compensation transforming from the current government-led economic incentive mode to the normative guidance of effective public participation, which is of great significance to transboundary management of water resources. From the perspective of social psychology, this paper uses a double hurdle model, empirically analyzes the impact of psychological ownership on public participation, and explores the internal laws and driving mechanisms of behavior. Results show the willingness to participate mainly depends on the public's judgment of self-ability and their own responsibility and values, while the degree of participation depends on the judgment and grasp of self-governance ability. The more they agree protecting the environment is the responsibility and obligation of citizens, the lower their willingness to pay. China's long-term ‘government-led environmental governance’ mode has led to the formation of a serious government dependence psychology among the public.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of prison system development - comparison of the European countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (14) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Elina Kruze ◽  
Janis Priede
Keyword(s):  
System Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Prison System ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Recidivism Rates ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Former Prisoners ◽  
Support Mechanisms

The possibility to achieve successful resocialization of former prisoners back into society is an ongoing public debate, making it challenging for policymakers to implement prisoner rehabilitation programs capable of maintaining the public safety while allocating public funds in the most efficient way. The main aim of this study is to examine what is necessary for an investment in prison system development to be justified. The hypothesis of this study suggests that such investment can be cost-effective by reducing crime and recidivism rates in the long term by ensuring proper rehabilitation of prisoners. Accordingly, this research compares various European countries regarding their imprisonment standards and costs in order to conclude which countries operate in the most effective way and what is crucial to obtain a decrease in the reoffending rates. The key results suggest that it is possible to find a correlation between such variables as the imprisonment costs, incarceration rates and the recidivism rates. It is possible to draw parallels between the amount of money countries spend on one prisoner a year and the recidivism rates of such countries, suggesting that the reoffending rates can be reduced by increasing the amount of resources allocated for the improvement of prisoner’s lives. Furthermore, such an investment should not only take the form of establishment of a proper environment for successful rehabilitation – prisoners should be provided with education and work possibilities to prepare them for life outside the prison walls. Moreover, the study highlights the need for post-release support mechanisms capable of re-integrating former convicts back into society, since such mechanisms could reduce the likelihood of re-offending.  

scholarly journals Determining Flood Protection Strategy with Uncertain Parameter Using Adjustable Robust Counterpart Methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Diah Chaerani ◽  
Muttaqien Rodhiya Robbi ◽  
Elis Hertini ◽  
Endang Rusyaman ◽  
Erick Paulus
Keyword(s):  
Robust Optimization ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
The Public ◽  
Protection Strategy ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Adjustable Robust Optimization ◽  
Adjustable Robust Counterpart ◽  
The Impact

Flooding is a natural disaster that often occurs, it is not surprising that floods are one of the problems that must be resolved in various countries, one of which is Indonesia. Flood is very detrimental to the public because the impact could be the loss of material and non-material. A flood protection system is needed and must be managed properly. This aims in management of flood protection systems often requires efficient cost control strategies that are the lowest possible long-term costs, but still meets the flood protection standards imposed by regulators in all plans. In this paper a flood protection strategy is modeled using Adjustable Robust Optimization. In this approach, there are two kinds of variables that must be decided, i.e., adjustable and non-adjustable variables. A numerical simulation is presented using Scilab Software. Keywords: Flood Protection Strategy, Uncertainty, Adjustable Robust Optimization, Scilab Software.

Physical and Psychological Benefits of Written Emotional Expression

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Kállay
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Expressive Writing ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract. The last several decades have witnessed a substantial increase in the number of individuals suffering from both diagnosable and subsyndromal mental health problems. Consequently, the development of cost-effective treatment methods, accessible to large populations suffering from different forms of mental health problems, became imperative. A very promising intervention is the method of expressive writing (EW), which may be used in both clinically diagnosable cases and subthreshold symptomatology. This method, in which people express their feelings and thoughts related to stressful situations in writing, has been found to improve participants’ long-term psychological, physiological, behavioral, and social functioning. Based on a thorough analysis and synthesis of the published literature (also including most recent meta-analyses), the present paper presents the expressive writing method, its short- and long-term, intra-and interpersonal effects, different situations and conditions in which it has been proven to be effective, the most important mechanisms implied in the process of recovery, advantages, disadvantages, and possible pitfalls of the method, as well as variants of the original technique and future research directions.

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