scholarly journals Changes in the stability of ultra-pasteurized lactose-free milk upon storage

2020 ◽  
pp. 673
Author(s):  
Nancy Michael Rosas González ◽  
María Cristina Cueto-Wong ◽  
Rosa Idalia Armenta-Corral ◽  
Silvia Guadalupe Fernández-Michel ◽  
Jolanta Elzbieta Marszalek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Uht Milk ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Ph Decrease ◽  
The Stability ◽  
By Products

Lactose-free dairy products are a valued consumer option for lactose intolerant individuals. Short-term ultra-high pasteurization (UHT) allows the preparation of sterile milk products. Manufactures define the useful shelf life of UHT milk as 120 days. This study analyses lactose-free milk with low-fat content over 120 days of shelf storage. Milk composition, microbial presence, structure (micellar size and zeta potential), color, pH, and protein hydrolysis were examined. At 120 days of storage the pH decrease, change in particle size distribution, and significant browning of the milk were detected indicating meaningful changes in the milk structure. The changes occurring in the lactose-free milk are related to the introduction of a large number of reducing sugars as a result of delactosylation of the milk. Studied milk had no microbial contamination nor showed the presence of by-products contamination such as proteases (minimal hydrolysis after long time storage).

scholarly journals The Effect of Calcium, Citrate, and Urea on the Stability of Ultra-High Temperature Treated Milk: A Full Factorial Designed Study

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Karlsson ◽  
Åse Lundh ◽  
Fredrik Innings ◽  
Annika Höjer ◽  
Malin Wikström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Elevated Level ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Calcium Citrate ◽  
Uht Milk ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Ultra High Temperature

The composition of raw milk is important for the stability of dairy products with a long shelf-life. Based on known historical changes in raw milk composition, the aim of this study was to get a better understanding of how possible future variations in milk composition may affect the stability of dairy products. The effects of elevated calcium, citrate, and urea levels on the stability of ultra-high temperature (UHT) treated milk stored for 52 weeks at 4, 20, 30, and 37 °C were investigated by a two-level full factorial designed study with fat separation, fat adhesion, sedimentation, color, pH, ethanol stability, and heat coagulation time as response variables. The results showed that elevated level of calcium lowered the pH, resulting in sedimentation and significantly decreased stability. Elevated level of citrate was associated with color, but the stability was not improved compared to the reference UHT milk. Elevated levels of urea or interaction terms had little effect on the stability of UHT milk. Storage conditions significantly affected the stability. In conclusion, to continue produce dairy products with high stability, the dairy industry should make sure the calcium content of raw milk is not too high and that storage of the final product is appropriate.

Time Window from Visual Images to Visual Short-Term Memory: Consolidation or Integration?

2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhong Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Temporal Window ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory ◽  
Probe Task ◽  
Long Time

Abstract. When two dot arrays are briefly presented, separated by a short interval of time, visual short-term memory of the first array is disrupted if the interval between arrays is shorter than 1300-1500 ms ( Brockmole, Wang, & Irwin, 2002 ). Here we investigated whether such a time window was triggered by the necessity to integrate arrays. Using a probe task we removed the need for integration but retained the requirement to represent the images. We found that a long time window was needed for performance to reach asymptote even when integration across images was not required. Furthermore, such window was lengthened if subjects had to remember the locations of the second array, but not if they only conducted a visual search among it. We suggest that a temporal window is required for consolidation of the first array, which is vulnerable to disruption by subsequent images that also need to be memorized.

Sustainability and adaptability of regional development in the conditions of digitalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1550-1613
Author(s):  
O.E. Akimova ◽  
S.K. Volkov ◽  
E.A. Gladkaya ◽  
I.M. Kuzlaeva
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Regional Inequality ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Smart Technologies

Subject. The article discusses the sustainability of regional economy development, its definition, and the substance of sustainable development. Objectives. We aim at performing a comprehensive analysis of indicators of sustainability and adaptability of regional development in the context of digitalization, formulating a strategy for economic behavior that takes into account the multidimensional nature of regional inequality and is focused on boosting the economic potential of regions. Methods. The study draws on dialectic and systems approaches, general scientific methods of retrospective, situational, economic and statistical, and comparative analysis. Results. The sustainability of the region focuses on improving the human welfare over long time horizon. This happens in three areas, i.e. maximizing the efficiency of resource use; ensuring justice and democracy; minimizing resource consumption and environmental damage. The stability of the region can be assessed by using one parameter, or by combining the parameters in accordance with the type of region and expected results. Conclusions. The adaptation of a region to changing conditions depends on its type (‘adapted’, ‘adaptive’, and ‘non-adapted’). Regional inequality has two main components: difference in economic potential and social satisfaction of residents. Another component, affecting the stability and adaptability of regions, is the level of their digitalization. However, some regions have only formally embarked on the path of digitalization. Moreover, a focus on smart technologies, solutions and digitalization often leads to ignoring the goals of sustainable development. Smart technologies should be aimed at ensuring sustainability within the framework of the smart sustainable city concept.

Aggregation prone regions in antibody sequences raised against Vibrio cholerae: A bioinformatic approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakia Akter ◽  
Anamul Haque ◽  
Md. Sabir Hossain ◽  
Firoz Ahmed ◽  
Md Asiful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Antigen Binding ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Protein Database ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Bioinformatic Approach ◽  
Self Aggregation ◽  
Complementarity Determining Region

Background: Cholera, a diarrheal illness causes millions of deaths worldwide due to large outbreaks. Monoclonal antibody used as therapeutic purposes of cholera are prone to be unstable due to various factors including self-aggregation. Objectives: In this bioinformatic analysis, we identified the aggregation prone regions (APRs) of different immunogens of antibody sequences (i.e., CTB, ZnM-CTB, ZnP-CTB, TcpA-CT-CTB, ZnM-TcpA-CT-CTB, ZnP-TcpA-CT-CTB, ZnM-TcpA, ZnP-TcpA, TcpA-CT-TcpA, ZnM-TcpA-CT-TcpA, ZnP-TcpA-CT-TcpA, Ogawa, Inaba and ZnM-Inaba) raised against Vibrio cholerae. Methods: To determine APRs in antibody sequences that were generated after immunizing Vibrio cholerae immunogens on Mus musculus, a total of 94 sequences were downloaded as FASTA format from a protein database and the algorithms such as Tango, Waltz, PASTA 2.0, and AGGRESCAN were followed to analyze probable APRs in all of the sequences. Results: A remarkably high number of regions in the monoclonal antibodies were identified to be APRs which could explain a cause of instability/short term protection of anticholera vaccine. Conclusion: To increase the stability, it would be interesting to eliminate the APR residues from the therapeutic antibodies in a such way that the antigen binding sites or the complementarity determining region loops involved in antigen recognition are not disrupted.

scholarly journals Subway Gearbox Fault Diagnosis Algorithm Based on Adaptive Spline Impact Suppression

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Zhongshuo Hu ◽  
Jianwei Yang ◽  
Dechen Yao ◽  
Jinhai Wang ◽  
Yongliang Bai
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Spline Interpolation ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Domain Signal ◽  
Gearbox Vibration ◽  
Long Time

In the signal processing of real subway vehicles, impacts between wheelsets and rail joint gaps have significant negative effects on the spectrum. This introduces great difficulties for the fault diagnosis of gearboxes. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an adaptive time-domain signal segmentation method that envelopes the original signal using a cubic spline interpolation. The peak values of the rail joint gap impacts are extracted to realize the adaptive segmentation of gearbox fault signals when the vehicle was moving at a uniform speed. A long-time and unsteady signal affected by wheel–rail impacts is segmented into multiple short-term, steady-state signals, which can suppress the high amplitude of the shock response signal. Finally, on this basis, multiple short-term sample signals are analyzed by time- and frequency-domain analyses and compared with the nonfaulty results. The results showed that the method can efficiently suppress the high-amplitude components of subway gearbox vibration signals and effectively extract the characteristics of weak faults due to uniform wear of the gearbox in the time and frequency domains. This provides reference value for the gearbox fault diagnosis in engineering practice.

scholarly journals Anthocyanins Recovered from Agri-Food By-Products Using Innovative Processes: Trends, Challenges, and Perspectives for Their Application in Food Systems

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2632
Author(s):  
Henrique Silvano Arruda ◽  
Eric Keven Silva ◽  
Nayara Macêdo Peixoto Araujo ◽  
Gustavo Araujo Pereira ◽  
Glaucia Maria Pastore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Natural Colorants ◽  
Conventional Extraction ◽  
The Stability ◽  
By Products

Anthocyanins are naturally occurring phytochemicals that have attracted growing interest from consumers and the food industry due to their multiple biological properties and technological applications. Nevertheless, conventional extraction techniques based on thermal technologies can compromise both the recovery and stability of anthocyanins, reducing their global yield and/or limiting their application in food systems. The current review provides an overview of the main innovative processes (e.g., pulsed electric field, microwave, and ultrasound) used to recover anthocyanins from agri-food waste/by-products and the mechanisms involved in anthocyanin extraction and their impacts on the stability of these compounds. Moreover, trends and perspectives of anthocyanins’ applications in food systems, such as antioxidants, natural colorants, preservatives, and active and smart packaging components, are addressed. Challenges behind anthocyanin implementation in food systems are displayed and potential solutions to overcome these drawbacks are proposed.

scholarly journals Climate Change and Internet of Things Technologies—Sustainable Premises of Extending the Culture of the Amurg Cultivar in Transylvania—A Use Case for Târnave Vineyard

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8170
Author(s):  
Veronica Sanda Chedea ◽  
Ana-Maria Drăgulinescu  ◽  
Liliana Lucia Tomoiagă  ◽  
Cristina Bălăceanu ◽  
Maria Lucia Iliescu 
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
White Wine ◽  
Time Investment ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
Insect Infestations ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Red Grape

Known for its dry and semi-dry white wine, the Târnave vineyard located in central Transylvania is challenged by the current climate change, which has resulted in an increase of the period of active vegetation by approximately 15–20 days, the average annual temperature by 1–1.5 °C and also the amount of useful temperatures (useful thermal balance for the grapevine). Furthermore, the frost periods have been reduced. Transylvania is an important Romanian region for grapevine cultivation. In this context, one can use the climatic changes to expand their wine assortment by cultivating an autochthonous grapevine variety called Amurg. Amurg is a red grape cultivar homologated at SCDVV Blaj, which also homologated 7 cultivars and 11 clones. Because viticulture depends on the stability of meteorological and hydrological parameters of the growing area, its foundations are challenged by climate change. Grapevine production is a long time investment, taking at least five years before the freshly planted vines produce the desired quality berries. We propose the implementation of a climate change-based precision viticulture turn-key solution for environmental monitoring in the Târnave vineyard. This solution aims to evaluate the grapevine’s micro-climate to extend the sustainable cultivation of the Amurg red grapes cultivar in Transylvania with the final goal of obtaining Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) rosé and red wines from this region. Worldwide, the changing conditions from the existing climate (a 30-year average), used in the past hundred years to dictate local standards, such as new and erratic trends of temperature and humidity regimes, late spring freezes, early fall frosts, storms, heatwaves, droughts, area wildfires, and insect infestations, would create dynamic problems for all farmers to thrive. These conditions will make it challenging to predict shifts in each of the components of seasonal weather conditions. Our proposed system also aims to give a solution that can be adapted to other vineyards as well.

Effect of Short-Term Temperature Increase on the Performance of a Mesophilic UASB Reactor

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. van Lier ◽  
J. Rintala ◽  
J. L. Sanz Martin ◽  
G. Lettinga
Keyword(s):  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Methanogenic Bacteria ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Temperature Shock ◽  
Biomass Retention ◽  
Propionate Oxidation ◽  
Ph Decrease

A study was carried out to assess the effects of short-term temperature increments on the treatment efficiency and methane production of UASB reactors at a working temperature of 37-39°C. Two different substrates were used to determine the effects on the several bacterial groups involved in the digestion process. One reactor was fed with defined synthetic acidified wastewater the other with unacidified wastewaler from a distillery process. Shocks of 5-24 hrs were applied at temperatures in the range of 45 to 61°C. Up to 45°C no detrimental effects were noticeable. Higher temperatures led to a sharp decrease of the activity of the different microbial populations as a result of elevated decay rates. Propionate oxidation turned out to be the most sensitive for temperature increments, whereas the acidogenic bacteria were least affected. Temperature shocks of 55 and 61°C led to a decrease of 50% of the overall efficiency after 10 and 3 hrs, respectively. By means of batch experiments decay rates of 0.44 and > 10 hr −1 of the methanogenic bacteria were estimated at 55 and 65°C respectively. As temporary inactivation of the mesophilic bacteria during a temperature shock was found to be unlikely, reactor recovery is dependent on the bacterial growth and the biomass retention capacity of the reactor. When unacidified wastewater is treated, a pH decrease has to be considered during a temperature shock.

The stability and short-term fluctuation in serum oxytocinase activity in pregnancy

1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-335
Author(s):  
A.A. Edebiri ◽  
D.S. Mack ◽  
D.J. McDonald ◽  
J. Philips
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Term Fluctuation ◽  
In Pregnancy
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document