scholarly journals NO VERTIGINOSO PICADEIRO SOVIÉTICO [Marcos Francisco Nery Ferreira]

REPERTÓRIO ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Teatro & Dança Repertório
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Socialist Revolution ◽  
New Man ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Symbiotic Relation ◽  
The Ideal

<div>O desejo por uma arte nova e engajada na Revolução Socialista conduz a importantes reformas artísticas na Rússia no início do século XX. As idéias revolucionárias estimularam as transformações do espetáculo e das práticas artísticas não somente através de sua politização, como também pela busca de uma poética inovadora em conformidade com as aspirações da época. Desta maneira, as atividades circenses e teatrais participavam ativamente desta busca desenfreada, porém numa relação de confl uência e hibridismo. O almejar de uma teatralização do teatro e o ideal de “homem novo” difundido pela vanguarda estão em consonância com as mudanças relativas ao picadeiro. É neste contexto que diversos artistas vão se apropriar das atividades do circo, numa relação de simbiose entre o palco e a pista. A este respeito, Vladimir Maiakóvski e Vsévolod Meyerhold são fi guras significativas.</div><div><br /></div><div><div>The desire for a new art engaged to The Socialist Revolution leads to important artistic reforms in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. The revolutionary ideas had stimulated transformation in spectacles and artistic practices not only through politicization, but also through the pursuit of innovative poetics, in compliance with the aspirations of the time period. As a result, circus and theatrical activities had actively taken part in this unstoppable pursuit, on a hybrid and confluent relation. The seeking fortheatricalizing theater itself and the ideal "new man", spread by Russian Avantgarde, are balanced with ring related changes. Nevertheless, performers approach circus activities, in a symbiotic relation among stage and arena. Referring to this, Vladimir Maiakóvski and Vsévolod Meyerhold are significant characters.</div></div>

,,Ein Vorhof zum Paradies". Das Czernowitz-Bild in der deutsch-jüdischen Literatur

2006 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-226
Author(s):  
Anna-Dorothea Ludewig
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Holocaust Survivors ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Place ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractThe present research on Czernowitz focuses mostly on the 20th century and on the works and memoirs of Holocaust survivors. But Czernowitz was at its cultural and economical height at the end of the 19th century, and it was during that time that the myth of the ,,ideal city" was established. This essay stresses the importance of that time period for understanding the ,,Czernowitz myth," and it analyzes the relationship between the ,,real" place Czernowitz and the literary topos of a ,,sunken city" (Rose Ausländer).

scholarly journals ‘One Feels so Much in These Times!’ Emotional Education and the Construction of New Subjectivities: Sex Education Films in Early 1960s GDR

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Laukötter
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Socialist Society ◽  
New Man ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Pedagogical Function ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Emotional Education

Shown in different formats—from cinema to television—in a variety of settings, this chapter outlines the role these films played in discourses on sex education in the GDR in the 1960s, which for their part were highly influenced by psychology and pedagogy. The article will argue that these films not only served the pedagogical function of teaching viewers about sexuality, but also aimed to (re-)produce the ideal of the ‘new man’ for a newly emerging socialist society that was to be founded on a new way of educating emotions. Since the education of youth was regarded a key issue for the construction of new selves, the medium of film with its special attractiveness for the young generation can be viewed as an instrument for forming new subjectivities.

scholarly journals Brother-Sister Relationships in Early Modern Drama

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Salim E. Al-Ibia ◽  
Ruth M.E. Oldman
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Drama ◽  
Personal Interest ◽  
Love Affair ◽  
Modern Drama ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Measure For Measure ◽  
Sister Relationships ◽  
The Ideal

This study aims to evaluate the commodified brother-sister relationship in Early Modern drama. It examines three different samples from three major playwrights of this time period: Isabella and Claudio in William Shakespeare’s Measure for Measure (1603), Charles and Susan in Thomas Heywood’s A Woman Killed with Kindness (1603), and Giovanni and Annabella in John Ford’s Tis Pity She’s a Whore (1632). The three aforementioned cases are closely evaluated through a Marxist-feminist lens. The study finds out that the brothers in the three examined plays are not very different since they all encourage their sisters to sacrifice their chastity to achieve some sort of personal interest. Interestingly enough, the sisters vary in their responses to their brothers’ requests of offering their bodies to help their brothers. Obviously, Shakespeare offers the ideal version of a sister who does everything in her power to save a brother. Yet, she refuses to offer her body in return to his freedom in spite of her brother’s desperate calls to offer her virginity to Angelo to save the former’s life. Susan of Heywood is also similar to Isabella of Shakespeare since she refuses to sell herself in return to the money needed to save her brother. However, Ford offers the ugliest version of a brother-sister relationship. The brother wants to have a love affair with his sister who yields to his sexual advances and eventually gets pregnant.

scholarly journals Rehabilitation of Utopia as a Symptom of the Crisis of the Russian and Western Civilizations

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 7-26
Author(s):  
Rimma I. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
The West ◽  
System A ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Reduction Of Uncertainty ◽  
The Ideal

The article discusses such a new phenomenon of modernity as the rehabilitation of utopia, which has not yet become widespread, but it is a serious symptom of the crisis of civilization in Russia and in the West. It is shown that attempts to rehabilitate utopia are associated with the situation of crisis, uncertainty, unpredictability caused by the ongoing transformations of the modern epoch. Under these conditions, the utopia is not only a reflection of the existing situation but also an opportunity for the formation of new ideas and the reduction of uncertainty. Many astute researchers in both the West and Russia demonstrate a positive attitude towards utopia, as they see the opportunities offered by utopia, especially in times of crisis. It is noted that in Russia there is a gradual overcoming of the negative attitude to utopia, which was associated with the collapsed socialist system. A summary history of utopia shows that utopia is a significant factor in history that accompanies the development of mankind throughout history. Despite this, in the earlier decades of the 20th century and the beginning of 21st century the “death of utopia” was declared, it was driven by ideological and political reasons and by globalization in general. Meanwhile, at present its importance is again actualized in relation to the complex international situation. Therefore, both in the West and in Russia there is a growing demand for the ideal concepts of the future of human existence in the form of utopia.

Steeped in Modernism: The Teapot as Manifesto in Early 20th Century Art

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Bielinski
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Political History ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Small Window ◽  
Time Period ◽  
20Th Century Art

The art manifesto, a written political, social, and artistic proclamation of an artistic movement, surged in popularity among avant‐garde art groups in the first half of the twentieth century. Many of the manifestos featured declarations for the synthesis of art and life as well as a call for social and political power for artists of both 'high' and 'low' art forms. Concurrently, new artistic interpretations of the humble teapot became suddenly ubiquitous. This inquiry explores how the teapot emerged as a dominant symbol for the goals of Modern Art movements, and includes an analysis of the teapot's socio‐political history, its ambiguous status between high and low art, and its role in the commercial sphere. By examining the teapots of Suprematism's Kazimir Malevich, Constructivism's Mariane Brandt,and Surrealism's Meret Oppenheim, this presentation will track ideas of functionality, the teapot as symbol, and aesthetics from 1923 to 1936. This small window in time offers an analysis of the extraordinary developments in teapots, and perhaps a glimpse of the paralleled momentum that occurred more generally in design, architecture, and the other arts in this time period.

Peasant revolts against the peasant revolution

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-167
Author(s):  
Viktor F. Isaychikov
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
October Revolution ◽  
Socialist Revolution ◽  
Great October Socialist Revolution ◽  
Class Composition ◽  
Petty Bourgeoisie ◽  
Peasant Revolution ◽  
Social Causes ◽  
Small Working

Тhe peasant revolts, wars, and revolutions known in history had both revolutionary and reactionary sides. A particularly complex interweaving was observed in Russia (USSR) in the first third of the 20th century due to the maximum number of economic structures and classes in the country and four revolutions. The main reason for the struggle of the peasant classes, including re-volts, was poverty, caused by both agrarian overpopulation and social causes, among which the main one before the October revolution was the remnants of feudalism. All four revolutions in Russia were largely peasant revolutions, but they differed in class composition and class leader-ship. As a result of the Great October socialist revolution, a joint dictatorship of the working class and the peasantry (the petty bourgeoisie) was established in the country, not predicted by K. Marx, but foreseen by V.I. Lenin. However, the small working class after V.I. Lenin’s death could not hold on to power, and as a result of the “Stalinist” counter-revolution, an internally unstable dictatorship of the petty bourgeoisie (peasantry) was established in the country. We reveal the class processes in the peasantry that led to revolts and revolutions.

scholarly journals A large decrease in the magnitude of seasonal fluctuations in mortality among elderly explains part of the increase in longevity in Sweden during 20th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Ledberg
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Time Period

Abstract Background Mortality rates are known to depend on the seasons and, in temperate climates, rates are highest during winter. The magnitude of these seasonal fluctuations in mortality has decreased substantially in many countries during the 20th century, but the extent to which this decrease has contributed to the concurrent increase in life expectancy is not known. Here, I describe how the seasonality of all-cause mortality among people ages 60 years or more has changed in Sweden between 1860 and 1995, and investigate how this change has contributed to the increase in life expectancy observed during the same time period. Methods Yearly sex-specific birth cohorts consisting of all people born in Sweden between 1800 and 1901 who reached at least 59 years of age were obtained from a genealogical database. The mortality rates for each cohort were modeled by an exponential function of age modulated by a sinusoidal function of time of year. The potential impact of seasonal fluctuations on life expectancy was investigated by a novel decomposition of the total mortality rate into a seasonal part and a part independent of the seasons. Cohort life expectancy at age 60 was used to quantify changes in lifespan during the time period. Results The magnitude of seasonal fluctuations in mortality rates decreased substantially between 1860 and 1995. For cohorts born in 1800, the risk of dying during the winter season was almost twice that of dying during summer. For cohorts born in 1900, the relative increase in winter mortality was 10%. Cohort life expectancy at age 60 increased by 4.3 years for men and 6.8 years for women, and the decrease in seasonal mortality fluctuations accounted for approximately 40% of this increase in average lifespan. Conclusion By following a large number of extinct cohorts, it was possible to show how the decrease in seasonal fluctuations in mortality has contributed to an increase in life expectancy. The decomposition of total mortality introduced here might be useful to better understand the processes and mechanisms underlying the marked improvements in life expectancy seen over the last 150 years.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Micropollutants in Wastewater and Evaluation of Their Removal Efficiency in Treatment Trains: The Influence of the Adopted Sampling Mode

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Verlicchi ◽  
Andrea Ghirardini
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Composite Sampling ◽  
Water Compartments ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Concentration Curves ◽  
Raw Wastewater ◽  
The Ideal

The monitoring of micropollutants in water compartments, in particular pharmaceuticals and personal care products, has become an issue of increasing concern over the last decade. Their occurrence in surface and groundwater, raw wastewater and treated effluents, along with the removal efficiency achieved by different technologies, have been the subjects of many studies published recently. The concentrations of these contaminants may vary widely over a given time period (day, week, month, or year). In this context, this paper investigates the average concentration and removal efficiency obtained by adopting four different sampling modes: grab sampling, 24-h time proportional, flow proportional and volume proportional composite sampling. This analysis is carried out by considering three ideal micropollutants presenting different concentration curves versus time (day). It compares the percentage deviations between the ideal concentration (and removal efficiencies) and the differently measured concentrations (removal efficiencies) and provides hints as to the best sampling mode to adopt when planning a monitoring campaign depending on the substances under study. It concludes that the flow proportional composite sampling mode is, in general, the approach which leads to the most reliable measurement of concentrations and removal efficiencies even though, in specific cases, the other modes can also be correctly adopted.

SHŌJO. GIRLS, CULTURE AND COMICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-135
Author(s):  
Natalia Kućma
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
The Body ◽  
Emotional Involvement ◽  
Girl Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
Good Wife ◽  
Shojo Manga ◽  
Ryosai Kenbo ◽  
The Ideal

This article analyzes shōjo culture and shōjo girls as a participants and creators of this culture. The first part of the article presents the history of girls&#39; schools from the beginning of the 20th century and the ideal of a good wife and wise mother (ryōsai kenbo). The second part focuses on the issue of the &quot;privileged body&quot; of shōjo (girl), which is on the edge between the body of a child and a woman, a boy and a girl. Shōjo manga, as comics addressed to girls, have evolved since the 70s, when women began to create them. At the end I examine aesthetic traits and „the aesthetics of sameness” as tools to create emotional involvement of readers. Shōjo culture is the Japanese version of girl power.

Two Problems of Averaging Arising in the Estimation of the Relationship Between Accidents and Traffic Flow

1998 ◽  
Vol 1635 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Mensah ◽  
Ezra Hauer
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Performance Function ◽  
Safety Performance Function ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Annual Average Daily Traffic ◽  
Averaging Problem ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

A function linking the expected accident frequency to traffic flow is called a safety performance function (SPF). SPFs are estimated from data for various facilities and accident types. Typically, accident counts over a period of a year or more, and estimates of average flow for such periods, serve as data. The ideal is for SPFs to represent cause-effect regularities. However, because accident counts are for a long time period and because average flows are used, two issues of averaging arise. First, the cause-effect relationship is between accidents and the flows prevailing near the time of accident occurrence. Therefore, ideally, these should be the argument of the SPF. In practice, however, either because of lack of detail or difficulties of estimation, average flows are used for estimation. The question is what problems arise when average flows, such as annual average daily traffic, instead of the flows at the time of the accident are used as the argument of the SPF. This is the argument averaging problem. Second, there are at least two (daytime and nighttime) and perhaps many more cause-effect SPFs that prevail in the course of a year. Ideally, each relationship should be estimated separately. The question is what problems arise if one joint SPF is estimated when two or more separate functions should have been used. This is the function averaging problem. After analysis, how to account and how to correct for the argument averaging problem are shown. At this time, avoiding the function averaging problem by estimating daytime and nighttime SPFs separately can be the only recommendation.

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