Hybrid rhyolitic eruption at Big Glass Mountain, CA, USA

Eruptive dynamics of the 1060 CE rhyolitic eruption of Big Glass Mountain (BGM), USA, are investigated with field observations, hydrogen isotope and H2O content analysis of pyroclastic obsidian chips and lavas. Field relations at BGM reveal evidence for hybrid eruption, defined as synchronous explosive venting and effusive emplacement of vast obsidian lava flows. This activity is particularly well manifested by extensive breccia zones implanted within the BGM obsidian lavas, which may represent rafted tephra cones, in addition to remnants of airfall tephra on the lava. Rhyolitic obsidians collected from a 2.5-m-thick fall deposit and co-eruptive lava flow were studied by FTIR and TCEA methods to elucidate the eruption’s degassing history. The data, along with VolcDeGas program simulations, demonstrate a correlation between H2O content and H-isotopic composition (δD) that likely reflects ever-increasing amounts of volatile loss via repetitive close-system steps, best described as batched degassing.

The Past and the Future of VSTs

Viral infections are major complications of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). As efficacy of anti-viral drugs is limited in absence of immune reconstitution and often associated with severe side effects, infusion of Virus-Specific T cells (VSTs) becomes a promising alternative treatment for viral infections and diseases after HSCT. A lot of improvement in VST generation has been made since 1992, date of first attempts. Regarding stimulation antigen, pools of peptides from viral immunodominant proteins become the best choice compared to whole proteins or other types of antigens. In respect with generation methods, a huge improvement has been done both with cell culture thanks to faster protocols of expansion and with immunomagnetic isolation thanks to fully automated generation of VSTs with a close system. This latest kind of VST generation is fast (within 24 hours), compliant with GMP guidelines and allows a wide distribution among cell therapy laboratories. Furthermore, cell source is no longer limited to the HSCT donor. Third-party donors either related or unrelated are also sought. A promising perspective could be the generation of CART based on VSTs aiming both at targeting the malignant cells and controlling the viral infections simultaneously.

Analisa Kebutuhan Air Irigasi Untuk Tanaman Padi Dan Palawija Pada Daerah Irigasi Rawa (DIR) Danda Besar Kabupaten Barito Kuala

In the management of a good irrigation system will increase the production of irrigation areas because in the Operation of an Irrigation Network should always pay attention to the Availability of Water and Water Needs and how to divide the existing water regularly and evenly so that all plants grow well. To supply water to the paddy fields and will be divided to each plot through the floodgates with an open-close system with equitable distribution so that the Water Availability and Water Needs are still metatalltimes. The research location of the Danda Besar Swamp Irrigation Area (DIR) is located in Rantau Badauh District, Barito Kuala Regency. From the results of the analysis of water availability, the minimum water requirement is 37,760 lt/sec/ha in January 1 during the rice planting season. Maximum irrigation water demand is 711,558 lt/sec/ha in April 1, which is when preparing land for palawija (maize)

Control scheme of thermal insulating door based on area linkage control structure

Taking the thermal insulating door as an example in which door blocks are driven by electric push rod, the area linkage control structure of block-groups has been established based on door blocks area linkage division. And multi-block control under different working conditions is realized. By employing PI controller to regulate single block to open and close, system controllability has been improved and control energy consumption has been reduced. The simulation results show that the proposed control scheme can relieve the heavy dependence of thermal insulating door control on manual operation to some extent.

PERKEMBANGAN AWAL LARVA KERAPU KERTANG (Epinephelus lanceolatus)

Observasi pada larva kerapu kertang (E. lanceolatus) dilaksanakan di Balai Besar Riset Perikanan Budidaya Laut (BBRPBL), Gondol-Bali, untuk mengumpulkan informasi dasar tentang perkembangan awal morfologi larva yang penting untuk menunjang keberhasilan pembenihannya. Larva berasal dari telur hasil pemijahan yang dirangsang dengan hormon (di Taiwan) dan ditransportasikan segera setelah menetas (D-0) melalui transportasi udara ke laboratotium pembenihan BBRPBL, Gondol. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan fasilitas tangki 500 L dengan sistem air resirkulasi. Dari data yang dihimpun diketahui bahwa rata-rata panjang total larva (D-1) 2,48 mm; D-8 3,17 mm; dan tumbuh dengan cepat mencapai 10,79 mm pada D-19. Kuning telur larva yang berumur sehari (D-1) rata-rata bervolume 150,3 x 10-4 mm3 dan pada hari ketiga terserap 42,61% dan habis pada hari keempat (D-4). Butir minyak larva D-1 sebesar 41,9 x 10-4 mm3 dan masih tersisa sebesar 0,34 x 10-4 mm3 sampai dengan D-6. Mulut larva diperhitungkan sudah mencapai lebar sebesar 200 μm pada D-2. dan mampu untuk memangsa rotifer sejalan dengan pigmentasi mata yang mulai terjadi pada D-2 dan sempurna pada D-3. Dari analisis pertumbuhan terjadi titik belok (flexion point) pada D-8 dan setelah itu terjadi kurva pertumbuhan yang cepat y= 0,6747x-2,5508. Berdasarkan hasil observasi tersebut maka pemberian pakan awal untuk larva kerapu kertang sudah bisa diberikan pada D-2 akhir (sore), pada D-8 komposisi pakan alami sudah harus diubah dengan memberikan pakan yang lebih besar dan bernutrisi tinggi.Observation on early development of E. lanceolatus larvae have been conducted in laboratory condition at Gondol Research Institute for Mariculture (GRIM) Bali; the purpose was to gain basic data mainly on the larval development stage to support both larval rearing and aquaculture technique of this species. The larvae from egg were produced by induced spawning technique and transported on D-0 to GRIM. Observation have been conducted in 500 L tank with recirculation (close system) facilities. Morphological data showed that the total length of larvae on D-1 was 2.48 mm, became 3.17 mm on D-8 and grew faster to reach 10.75 mm on D-19. The volume of yolk on D-1 was 150.3 x 10-4 mm3 and was absorbed 42,61% on D-3 and finished on D-4. Oil globule on D-1 was 41.9 x 10-4 mm3 and still remained 0.34 x 10-4 mm3 on D-6. The mouth width of larval was 200 μm on D-2 and able to catch and feed rotifer in line with eye pigmentation where started from D-2 (in the afternoon) and became completed on D-3 early morning. The flexion point was on D-8 with faster growth with curve at y= 0.6747x–2.5508 afterward. Based on this result, there are some key points, first feeding for king grouper larvae might start on late D-2, and on D-8 larval feed should be changed with bigger size and more nutritious feed.

ANALISIS SUMBERDAYA IKAN TEMBANG (Sardinella fimbriata) DI PERAIRAN SELAT SUNDA YANG DIDARATKAN DI PPP LABUAN, BANTEN (Analysis of Fringescale Sardinella (Sardinella fimbriata) Resources in Sunda Strait that Landed on PPP Labuan, Banten)

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Fringescale sardinella (Sardinella fimbriata) is one of the economically important fish resources found in Sunda Strait waters. High economic value with the increasing demand of fish makes it as one of the main targets of capture. Intensive utilization on fringescale sardinella resulted in overfishing. The aim of this research is to identify production pattern, fishing ground, fishing season pattern and appropriate alternative management. This research carried out on April to June 2014. The results show that fringescale sardinella has a fluctuated production pattern. Fishing season for fringescale sardinella is on May-October, while the fringescale sardinella bad season (low catches) is on March. Fishing ground for fringescale sardinella in Sunda Strait waters are Labuan Bay, Tanjung Lesung, Sumur, Panaitan Strait, Rakata Island, Ujung Kulon, Sebesi Island, Tanjung Alang-alang, and Peucang Island. Management for fringescale sardinella can be accomplished by increase the mesh size, management fishing season (open-close system) and fishing areas.</p><p><br />Keywords: Fringescale sardinella, management, PPP Labuan, Sunda Strait</p><p>-------</p><p><br />ABSTRAK</p><p>Ikan tembang (Sardinella fimbriata) merupakan salah satu sumberdaya ikan ekonomis penting di perairan Selat Sunda. Nilai ekonomis yang tinggi serta pemanfaatan yang terus meningkat menjadikan ikan ini sebagai salah satu target utama penangkapan. Pemanfaatan intensif sumberdaya ikan tembang dapat mengakibatkan tangkap lebih. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola produksi, daerah tangkapan, pola musim penangkapan serta mengidentifikasi alternatif pengelolaan yang lebih tepat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada April hingga Juni 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola produksi ikan tembang berfluktuatif. Musim penangkapan ikan tembang terjadi pada bulan Mei-September sedangkan musim paceklik berada pada bulan Maret. Sebaran wilayah penangkapan berada di sekitar perairan Selat Sunda yakni Teluk Labuan, Tanjung Lesung, Sumur, Selat Panaitan, Rakata, Ujung Kulon, Pulau Sebesi, Tanjung Alang-alang, dan Pulau Peucang. Pengelolaan ikan tembang dapat dilakukan dengan memperbesar ukuran mata jaring, pengaturan musim penangkapan dan daerah tangkapan.</p><p><br />Kata kunci: Ikan tembang, pengelolaan, PPP Labuan, Selat Sunda</p>