IDENTIFICATION OF CHILLI PLANTS PLANTING ORGANISMS IN TEKO VILLAGE, LOMBOK TIMUR

The main objective of this research is to identify and introduce various types of pests to farmers in Teko Village, Pringgebaya District. The method used is a survey method with a data collection approach in the form of direct observation on the expanse of chili plants and questionnaires as a guide for interviews with respondent farmers. Identification of pests on chili plants in Teko Village, namely: yellow virus, anthracnose fruit rot, fruit and leaf rot, whitefly, weeds (puzzle grass, spinach, and grass weeds).

Analysis of the Risk of Profit Loss in Papaya Farming Affected by Yellow Mosaic Disease

Profit loss is a phenomenon caused by the loss of most of the harvest resulting in operating costs greater than the revenue earned. This phenomenon deserves to be analyzed the risk of losses that will be obtained due to pests and plant diseases. So that in this study an analysis of the risk of Profit loss due to yellow mosaic disease on papaya calina was carried out. This research was conducted in October 2020 in Bengkulu Province on 31 Calina Papaya farmers. The location selection was carried out purposively based on the existence of the Calina papaya garden. Meanwhile, the selection of respondents was carried out using the Snowball sampling method in several districts in Bengkulu Province. Data analysis was carried out to determine the Profit loss. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that there were differences in the benefits of papaya calina which were attacked by the Yellow Virus Mosaic and those that were not attacked by the Yellow Virus Mosaic. Profit loss for a year is Rp 9,135,203,-. This value is a big value, so farmers must handle this disease better.

Next generation sequencing as a tool in modern pest risk analysis: a case study of groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea) as a potential host of new viruses in western Kenya

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea, L.) is grown in diverse environments throughout the semi-arid and sub-tropical regions of the world. Poor yields of 500-800kg/ha are attributed to poor agronomic practices, pests and diseases. The major disease reported in Kenya is Groundnut rosette disease (GRD). But recent observations in the field showed that the crop has varied and severe symptoms in addition to those caused by GRD. This required deeper analysis to establish the causal agents. Groundnut samples with virus-like symptoms were collected from western Kenya in 2016. Total RNA was extracted using All Prep RNA Mini Kit. Five mRNA libraries were prepared using the Illumina TrueSeq stranded mRNA library Prep Kit and pooled for multiplexed sequencing using an Illumina HiSeq 2500 to generate paired end reads (FastQ Sanger). The reads were analysed in the Galaxy project platform (customized). Quality reads were first mapped onto plant genome Refseq and unmapped reads isolated and mapped onto virus Refseq using Bowtie 2 (v2.2.3). Groundnut rosette virus satellite RNA, Groundnut rosette virus, Groundnut rosette assistor virus, Ethiopian tobacco bushy top virus, Cowpea polerovirus 2, Chickpea chlorotic stunt virus, Melon aphid-borne yellow virus, Phasey bean mild yellow virus, Beet mild yellowing virus, White clover mottle virus and Cotton leafroll dwarf virus were identified in four libraries. Other viruses (with less than 100 reads) including Bean common mosaic virus, Bean common mosaic necrosis virus, Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus RNA 3, Broad bean mottle virus RNA 3, Passion fruit woodiness virus among others were also mapped. Some of the viruses common in western Kenya were confirmed by PCR. The presence of at least three viruses in groundnuts in Western Kenya highlights the importance of starting a germplasm clean-up program of the plant material used as seed in this crop. Key words: Groundnuts, NGS, RefSeq, Viruses.

Kerusakan Tanaman Cabai Akibat Penyakit Virus Di Desa Waimital Kecamatan Kairatu

One of the constraints faced by farmers in the cultivation of chili in Transmigration Areas District Kairatu Waimital Village is a disease caused by virus. This study was conducted to know the types of viruses that attack chili plants and how worse the damage intensity. The method used was a survey method directly in the field. Farmer decision-sample and sample plots was done using a random sampling technique. The data collected is the damage intensity of chili plants and the cause, the condition of the area/crop cultivation techniques, and rainfall data taken from Meteorology station (BMG). The results showed that the disease that attacks the chili plants in the Waimital village is a yellow virus and curl virus disease, with intensity of damage of 10.16% and 32.17% classified as mild and moderate, respectively.

STUDY OF THE USE OF MAIZE AS BARRIER CROP IN CHILI TO CONTROL Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) POPULATION (STUDI PEMANFAATAN JAGUNG SEBAGAI TANAMAN PEMBATAS UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN POPULASI Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) PADA TANAMAN CABAI)

This study was conducted to determine the effect of maize as barrier crop to prevent the spread of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), the yellow virus vector in pepper farming. The research was conducted in the field at Pakem, Sleman, during two cropping seasons from October 2014 to February 2015 as first planting period and in April to August 2015 as second planting period. The escalation of B. tabaci (Gennadius) populations was directly correlated with virus yellow peppers increment. The result indicated that planting barrier was effective in reducing the spread of B. tabaci (Gennadius) in pepper plants. The population of B. tabaci (Gennadius) in plots with pepper surrounded by maize was lower compared to plots without maize barrier, showed that the yellow virus spreads on pepper can be minimized, and hence the incidence of yellow disease was also decreased.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penanaman jagung sebagai pemberian tanaman pembatas (barrier) untuk mengatasi penyebaran Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) yang merupakan vektor virus kuning pada tanaman cabai. Penelitian dilakukan di lahan pertanaman cabai di Pakem, Sleman. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama dua musim tanam dari bulan Oktober 2014 sampai dengan bulan Februari 2015 pada periode tanam I dan bulan April 2015 sampai dengan bulan Agustus 2015 pada periode tanam II. Meningkatnya populasi B. tabaci (Gennadius) berbanding lurus dengan meningkatnya virus kuning pada cabai. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penanaman tanaman pembatas (barrier) cukup efektif mengurangi penyebaran B. tabaci (Gennadius) pada ke dalam petak tanaman cabai. Populasi B. tabaci (Gennadius) pada petak tanaman cabai yang dikelilingi tanaman jagung lebih rendah jika dibanding dengan petak tanaman cabai yang tidak dikelililing tanaman jagung, sehingga secara tidak langsung penyebaran virus kuning pada cabai dapat diminimalisir.

Pengaruh Pemupukan dan Tumpangsari antara Tomat dan Kubis terhadap Populasi Bemisia tabaci dan Insiden Penyakit Virus Kuning pada Tanaman Tomat

Pola tanam sayuran secara tumpang sari telah dimanfaatkan secara meluas di sentra-sentra produksi sayuran di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemupukan dan tumpangsari antara tomat dan kubis terhadap populasi Bemisia tabaci dan serangan penyakit virus kuning yang disebabkan oleh virus gemini pada tanaman tomat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang (1.250 dpl.) dari bulan Juni sampai dengan Oktober 2008. Rancangan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok pola faktorial dengan empat ulangan. Dua faktor perlakuan yang diuji, yaitu (1) dosis pupuk (N 180 kg/ha + P2O5 150 kg/ha + K2O 100 kg/ha, N 168 kg/ha + P2O5 146,5 kg/ha + K2O 145 kg /ha, serta N 210 kg/ha + P2O5 183,125 kg/ha + K2O 181,25 kg/ha) dan (2) cara tanam (monokultur tomat dan tumpangsari tomat dengan kubis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan dosis pupuk yang tinggi dan tanaman tomat yang ditanam secara monokultur dapat meningkatkan populasi kutukebul dan serangan penyakit virus kuning dibandingkan dengan dosis pupuk yang lebih rendah. Penggunaan dosis pupuk yang tinggi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan produksi tomat. Penggunaan dosis pupuk N 168 kg/ha + P2O5 146,5 kg/ha + K2O 145 kg/ha dan tumpangsari tomat dengan kubis dapat direkomendasikan sebagai komponen teknologi PHT untuk pengelolaan hama B. tabaci dan penyakit virus kuning pada tanaman tomat.<br /><br />The intercropping planting technique is widely implemented in vegetable production centers in Indonesia. The research on the application of different doses of fertilizers (N, P, and K) and the planting technique of tomato and cabbage on B. tabaci and the yellow disease caused by gemini virus was carried out at the Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute from June to October 2008. The objective was to determine the effect of different doses of fertilizers (N, P, and K) and tomato-cabbage intercropping on the population densities of B. tabaci and incidence of gemini virus on tomato. A factorial randomized block design with two factors and four replication was used in the experiment. Two treatments factor were tested i.e. (1) different doses of fertilizers (N 180 kg/ha + P2O5 150 kg/ha + K2O 100 kg/ha, N 168 kg/ha + P2O5 146,5 kg/ha + K2O 145 kg/ha, and N 210 kg /ha + P2O5 183,125 kg/ha + K2O 181,25 kg/ha), and (2) planting techniques (monoculture and tomato-cabbage intercropping). The result indicated that heigher doses of fertilizers resulted in higher population of whitefly per leaf and yellow virus symptoms on tomato compared to lower doses. Higher amounts of fertilizers did not significantly affect tomato yield. It is suggested that the dose of N 168 kg/ha + P2O5 146,5 kg/ha + K2O 145 kg/ha, and the tomato-cabbage intercropping technique can be incorporated into the IPM program, especially for the management of whitefly and gemini virus on tomato.<br /><br /><br />