Automated Close-Loop System for Three-Dimensional Characterization of Spatiotemporal Optical Vortex

Recent rapid advances in spatiotemporal optical pulses demand accurate characterization of the spatiotemporal structure of the produced light fields. We report an automated close-loop characterization system that is capable of reconstructing the three-dimensional intensity and phase structures of spatiotemporal wavepacket illustrated by characterizing spatiotemporal optical vortex in the spatiotemporal domain. The characterization technique is based on interfering a much shorter probe pulse with different slices of the object wavepacket along the temporal axis. A close-loop control program is developed to realize full automation of the data collection and reconstruction process. Experimental results of the intensity and phase distributions show that the designed close-loop system is efficient in quantitatively characterizing the generated spatiotemporal optical vortex. Such a linear characterization system can also be extended to measure many other kinds of spatiotemporal wavepacket and may find broad applications in spatiotemporal wavepacket studies.

A plug-and-play, scalable control method for AC island microgrid

In this paper, a scalable, plug-and-play (PnP) and system-stable synthesis control method is proposed for the AC island microgrid consisting of a distributed generator unit (DGU) and loads connected by power lines. The proposed method only requires a limited global parameter design controller, so the design process of the controller is decentralized, so that the addition and removal of DGU only need to adjust the controller of the DGU with its physical connection, without affecting the overall stability of the microgrid. In addition, we used the Lyapunov method to proved the stability of the close-loop system. Finally, the simulation verification was carried out with the MATLAB/Simulink and specific cases.

Automated PCB identification and defect-detection system (APIDS)

Ever growing PCB industry requires automation during manufacturing process to produce defect free products. Machine Vision is widely used as popular means of inspection to find defects in PCBs. However, it is still largely dependent on user input to select algorithm set for the PCB under inspection prior to the beginning of the process. Continuous increase in computation power of computers and image quality of image acquisition devices demands new methods for further automation. This paper proposes a new method to achieve further automation by identifying the type of PCB under inspection prior to begin defect inspection process. Identification of PCB is achieved by using local feature detectors SURF and ORB and using the orientation data acquired to transform the PCB image to the reference image for inspection of defects. A close-loop system is produced as a prototype to reflect the practicality of the idea. A Graphical User Interface was developed using MATLAB to present the proposed system. Test data contained 29 PCBs. Each PCB was tested 5 times for camera acquired images and 3 times for database images. The identification accuracy is 98.66% for database images and 100% for images acquired from the camera. The time taken to detect the model of PCB is recorded and is significantly lower for ORB based identification than SURF based. The system is also a close loop system which detects defects in PCB units. The detection of defects has highest accuracy of 92.3% for best controlled environment scenario. With controlled environment, the system could detect defects in PCB pertaining to smallest of components such as SMDs.

Optimally Tuned PID Controller of A DC Motor System using Bacterial Foraging Algorithm

This paper presents an exercise in applying the bacterial foraging algorithm (BFA) optimisation method on a proportional—integral-derivative controller (PID) of a DC motor circuit. The paper presents the system description of the DC motor transfer function and the simulation of the close loop system using MATLAB. The BFA algorithm is described and discussed with the simulation results presented to illustrate the enhancement of the system response that in result enhances the operation of the DC motor system.

A Review on Thermal Characteristics of Single and Two-phase Flow inMini channel for Refrigeration

This paper presents an exercise in applying the bacterial foraging algorithm (BFA) optimisation method on a proportional—integral-derivative controller (PID) of a DC motor circuit. The paper presents the system description of the DC motor transfer function and the simulation of the close loop system using MATLAB. The BFA algorithm is described and discussed with the simulation results presented to illustrate the enhancement of the system response that in result enhances the operation of the DC motor system.

Ball On Plate Balancing System Pada KIT Praktek PID Mata Kuliah Dasar Sistem Kendali

<p><em>Abstrak – </em><strong>Ball on plate adalah sistem pengendalian cerdas untuk mengarahkan bola yang ada diatas plate sesuai dengan pola gerakan yang diinginkan tanpa menjatuhkan bola. Ball on plate ini digerakan oleh dua buah motor servo sebagai aktuator (keluaran) untuk menentukan posisi bola. Sedangkan kamera ditempatkan diatas plate sebagai sensor (masukan). Image yang ditangkap oleh kamera kemudian diolah oleh labview menjadi pixel posisi X dan Y. Kerjasama antar mikrokontroler Arduino Uno dan Labview membentuk sebuah pengendalaian close loop system. Pada tulisan ini akan dibahas parameter penting dalam menganalisa rise time, overshoot, settling time dan steady state error pada pengendalian sistem ball on plate menggunakan PID.</strong></p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong><em>Kata kunci </em></strong><em>- Arduino Uno R3 Ball on plate Controller,</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Abstract –</em> <strong>Ball on the plate is an intelligent control system to steer the ball over the plate that is in accordance with the desired pattern of movement without dropping the ball. Ball on plate is controlled by two servo motors as actuators (output) to determine the position of the ball. While the camera is placed on the plate as a sensor (input). Image captured by the camera and processed by labview to pixel positions X and Y. The cooperation among the microcontroller Arduino Uno and Labview configurate a close loop system. In this paper will discuss important parameter in analyzing the rise time, overshoot, settling time and steady state error in the control system using PID ball on the plate.</strong></p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em> – Arduino Uno R3 Ball on plate Controller </em>

Exponential Stability of the Monotubular Heat Exchanger Equation with Time Delay in Boundary Observation

The exponential stability of the monotubular heat exchanger equation with boundary observation possessing a time delay and inner control was investigated. Firstly, the close-loop system was translated into an abstract Cauchy problem in the suitable state space. A uniformly bounded C0-semigroup generated by the close-loop system, which implies that the unique solution of the system exists, was shown. Secondly, the spectrum configuration of the closed-loop system was analyzed and the eventual differentiability and the eventual compactness of the semigroup were shown by the resolvent estimates on some resolvent sets. This implies that the spectrum-determined growth assumption holds. Finally, a sufficient condition, which is related to the physical parameters in the system and is independent of the time delay, of the exponential stability of the closed-loop system was given.

Real-Time Suppression Technology Research on Shaft-Rate Electric Field

To reduce the impact of shaft-rate electric field (SRE) on the concealment of the ship, the SRE related ship electrical equivalent model is established, and the electrical properties are studied based on the analysis of the mechanism of SRE of the ship in this paper. The ship SRE real-time suppression is proposed based on the compensated negative potential and the real-time close-loop system for the ship SRE suppression is designed. The extremely low frequency electric field strength is reduced greatly, and the shaft-rate and its harmonics field are eliminated ultimately. Experimental results show that the ship SRE can be suppressed effectively by the system, and the concealment of the ship is enhanced.

Real-Time Suppression Research of Shaft-Rate Electric Field Based on the Compensated Negative Potential

To reduce the impact of shaft-rate electric field (SRE) on the concealment of the ship, the ship SRE real-time suppression is proposed based on the compensated negative potential and the real-time close-loop system for the ship SRE suppression is designed and realized£¬which greatly promoted the development of ship SRE suppression technique.