Hierarchical Temporal Multi-Instance Learning for Video-based Student Learning Engagement Assessment

Video-based automatic assessment of a student's learning engagement on the fly can provide immense values for delivering personalized instructional services, a vehicle particularly important for massive online education. To train such an assessor, a major challenge lies in the collection of sufficient labels at the appropriate temporal granularity since a learner's engagement status may continuously change throughout a study session. Supplying labels at either frame or clip level incurs a high annotation cost. To overcome such a challenge, this paper proposes a novel hierarchical multiple instance learning (MIL) solution, which only requires labels anchored on full-length videos to learn to assess student engagement at an arbitrary temporal granularity and for an arbitrary duration in a study session. The hierarchical model mainly comprises a bottom module and a top module, respectively dedicated to learning the latent relationship between a clip and its constituent frames and that between a video and its constituent clips, with the constraints on the training stage that the average engagements of local clips is that of the video label. To verify the effectiveness of our method, we compare the performance of the proposed approach with that of several state-of-the-art peer solutions through extensive experiments.

Success and Failure Aspects of LMS in E-Learning Systems

<p>Learning management systems (LMS) and their associated<br />tools have created value for higher education institutions worldwide<br />by improving content deliverability, accessibility, and retrievability.<br />Nevertheless, many studies have criticised these systems for their<br />teacher-centred approaches, which limit opportunities for social and informal<br />learning. After several decades of institutions using LMS, this research<br />aims to discuss the success and failure aspects of these LMS from<br />various perspectives, including structure, content, and support for emerging<br />technologies. Based on a thematic literature review and analysis, success<br />and failure aspects are organised and verified by LMS experts.<br />Alongside the aspects identified from the literature, these experts also<br />noted several additional aspects of success and failure in LMS. The analysis<br />results overall indicated the success aspects of LMS relate to seven<br />key factors: single sign-on, learning management, content management,<br />integration, security, tracking, and group management. Similarly, the<br />failure aspects could be classified into eight factors: content creation and<br />sharing, communicative features, structure, learning engagement, assessment,<br />user interfaces, social and informal learning, and mobile features.<br />The implications of the research for education institutions, instructors,<br />developers, and system providers, as well as the resulting directions for<br />future research, are thus also discussed to help increasing the chances of<br />developing additional theoretical and practical insights.</p>

What Is the Evidence Globally for Culturally Safe Strategies to Improve Breast Cancer Outcomes for Indigenous Women in High Income Countries? A Systematic Review

The aim was to systematically assess the evidence on whether cultural safety affects breast cancer outcomes with regards to care for Indigenous women in high income countries. We conducted a systematic review in accordance with PRISMA guidelines of peer-reviewed articles in Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Proquest Sociology and Informit Rural health database and Indigenous collection databases. Key inclusion criteria were: adult female patients with breast cancer; high income country setting; outcome measure, including screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow up care. A total of 15 were selected. We developed a Community Engagement assessment tool in consultation with aboriginal researchers, based on the National Health and Medical Research Councils’ community engagement guidelines, against which studies were appraised. This novel element allowed us to evaluate the literature from a new and highly relevant perspective. Thematic analysis of all 15 studies was also undertaken. Despite limited literature there are evidence-based strategies that are likely to improve outcomes for Indigenous women with breast cancer in high income countries and indicate that culture makes a positive difference. It is also clear that strong Indigenous community leadership and governance at all stages of the research including design is an imperative for feasibility.

Internationally trained nurses and host nurses’ perceptions of safety culture, work-life-balance, burnout, and job demand during workplace integration: a cross-sectional study

Background The shortage of qualified nurses is a problem of growing concern in many countries. Recruitment of internationally trained nurses has been used to address this shortage, but successful integration in the workplace is complex and resource intensive. For effective recruitment and retention, it is important to identify why nurses migrate and if their expectations are met to ensure their successful integration and promote a satisfying work climate for the entire nursing team. The aim of this study was to examine the perceptions of safety culture, work-life-balance, burnout and job demand of internationally trained nurses and associated host nurses in German hospitals. Methods A multicentric, cross-sectional study was conducted with internationally trained nurses (n = 64) and host nurses (n = 103) employed at two university hospitals in the state of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany. An anonymous paper-based survey was conducted between August 2019 and April 2020. The questionnaire included sociodemographic questions, questions regarding factors related to migration, and the German version of the Assessment of your work setting Safety, Communication, Operational Reliability, and Engagement (SCORE) questionnaire. SCORE is divided into three sections: Safety Culture Domains (six subscales), Work-Life-Balance (one subscale), and Engagement Assessment Tool (four subscales). Results Nurses who migrated to Germany were primarily seeking better working conditions, a higher standard of living, and professional development opportunities. Internationally trained nurses reported lower work-related burnout climate (Mean 55.4 (SD 22.5)) than host nurses (Mean 66.4 (SD 23.5)) but still at a moderately high degree (Safety Culture Domains). Host nurses indicated a higher workload (Mean 4.06 (SD 0.65)) (Engagement Assessment Tool) and a lower Work-Life-Balance (Mean 2.31 (SD 0.66)) (Work-Life-Balance) compared to nurses who trained abroad (Mean 3.67 (SD 0.81) and Mean 2.02 (SD 0.86), respectively). No differences were detected for the other subscales. The Safety Culture Domains and Engagement Assessment Tool showed room for improvement in both groups. Conclusion The study suggest that the expectations migrant nurses had prior to migration may not be met and that in turn could have a negative impact on the integration process and their retention. With increasing recruitment of internationally trained nurses from within Europe but also overseas, it is crucial to identify factors that retain migrant nurses and assist integration. Trial registration The study has been prospectively registered (27 June 2019) at the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS00017465).

The Tablet-Based, Engagement, Assessment, Support, and Sign-Posting (EASSi) Tool for Facilitating and Structuring Sexual Well-Being Conversations in Routine Prostate Cancer Care: Mixed-Methods Study

Background Long-term side-effects associated with different prostate cancer treatment approaches are common. Sexual challenges are the most frequently occurring issues and can result in increased psychological morbidity. It is recognized that barriers to communication can make initiating discussions around sexual concerns in routine practice difficult. Health care professionals need to routinely initiate conversations, effectively engage with patients, and assess needs in order to provide essential support. One proposed method that could support health care professionals to do this involves the use of prompts or structured frameworks to guide conversations. Objective This study aimed to assess feasibility, acceptability, and satisfaction with the tablet-based Engagement, Assessment, Support, and Sign-posting (EASSi) tool designed to facilitate and structure sexual well-being discussions in routine prostate cancer care. Methods Health care professionals (n=8) used the EASSi tool during 89 posttreatment appointments. Quantitative data were recorded based on program usage and surveys completed by health care professionals and patients. Qualitative data exploring perceptions on use of the tool were gathered using semistructured interviews with all health care professionals (n=8) and a sample of patients (n=10). Results Surveys were completed by health care professionals immediately following each appointment (n=89, 100%). Postal surveys were returned by 59 patients (66%). Health care professionals and patients reported that the tool helped facilitate discussions (81/89, 91% and 50/59, 85%, respectively) and that information provided was relevant (82/89, 92% and 50/59, 85%, respectively). The mean conversation duration was 6.01 minutes (SD 2.91). Qualitative synthesis identified the tool’s ability to initiate and structure discussions, improve the “depth” of conversations, and normalize sexual concerns. Conclusions The EASSi tool was appropriate and acceptable for use in practice and provided a flexible approach to facilitate routine brief conversations and deliver essential sexual well-being support. Further work will be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of using the tablet-based tool in prostate cancer care settings.

Assessment of Three-Dimensional Engagement Levels in a Global Peer Learning Environment

The global learning classroom is an emerging educational trend. The iPodia alliance promotes its peer-learning pedagogy by offering engineering classes with universities around the world. Students’ engagement as one of the important metrics to assess the effectiveness of education design methodology has been under considerable interest for several years. Tri-engagement, comprised of behavioral, cognitive, and emotional engagement provides a comprehensive assessment of learning success. This paper illustrates how a tri-engagement assessment was implemented in a global learning environment and examines the effectiveness of the peer-learning pedagogy in such highly diverse environment. This paper proposes a quantitative method using a modified Likert scale to assess students’ tri-engagement levels comprised of student and teaching assistant surveys, video observations, and analysis of facial emotion recognition, through preparation, data collection, and analysis stages. Comparisons of tri-engagements between the instructor-student activities and the peer-peer discussions, different continent regions, and on-site/remote learning are offered. Results show that the overall iPodia peer-learning activities experienced all positive tri-engagement levels and were not significantly affected by the region diversity (&lt; 6% difference) or the remote learning (&lt; 3% difference) of the iPodia learning classroom. That preliminarily proved that the iPodia peer-learning pedagogy maintains positive tri-engagements in a global engineering class. Additional findings were that the self-raters and observers experienced students’ cognitive engagement differently, and cultural difference would mainly affect students’ behavioral engagement, but unfamiliarity of the content may increase their emotional engagement.

PROSES COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PADA PROGRAM BANK SAMPAH DI DESA DAWUAN BARAT KECAMATAN CIKAMPEK KABUPATEN KARAWANG BINAAN PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO) FUEL TERMINAL CIKAMPEK

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan proses community development yang terdiri tahapan engagement, assessment, perencanaan program, pemformulasian rencana aksi, implementasi, evaluasi dan hasil perubahan, dan tahapan terminasi. Jika proses ini dapat dideskripsikan secara utuh maka bukan tidak mungkin pengembangan masyarakat yang dilakukan di Desa Dawuan Barat pada program rumah bank sampah bisa diadopsi oleh kegiatan CSR PT.Pertamina (Persero) di tempat lain atau CSR Perusahaan lainnya.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, dan teknik penelitian deskripstif. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah wawancara mendalam, observasi non partisipasi, studi kepustakaan dan studi dokumentasi. Penelitian ini melibatkan 5 Informan yang terdiri dari, Pengelola CSR PT. Pertamina (Persero) Fuel Terminal Cikampek, kelompok Sabedar, aparat pemerintah Desa Dawuan Barat dan masyarakat Desa Dawuan Barat yang terlibat langsung dalam program bank sampah. Penentuan informan dilakukan berdasarkan tujuan penelitian untuk menggali lebih dalam mengenai proses community development pada program rumah kelola organik di Desa Dawuan Barat.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan proses community development pada 7 tahapan yang dilakukan pihak Pengelola CSR PT. Pertamina (Persero) Fuel Terminal Cikampek terdapat melakukan 6 tahapan yang sudah berjalan sebagaimana mestinya, yaitu tahapan engagement, assessment, perencanaan program, Implementasi, evaluasi dan hasil perubahan dan Terminasi. Adapun tahapan terminasi belum dilakukan secara menyeluruh. Temuan lain dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan kendala pada pengembangan inovasi yang dilakukan dalam pengelolaan sampah. Dengan demikian, Peneliti memberikan saran agar dilakukan evaluasi secara menyeluruh pada aspek pengembangan inovasi pengelolaan sampah. Baik dalam bentuk kegiatan pelatihan Workhshop “Inovasi Pengelolaan Sampah” untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman terkait dalam inovasi program pada anggota kelompok Sabedar