GCMS AND TLC ANALYSIS OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SEED MOMORDICA CHARANTIA

To perform the TLC and GCMS analysis of ethanolic extract of seed Momordica charantia. The seeds ofMomardicacharantia was extracted with ethanol and tested for TLC and GCMS by standard procedure as per the guidelines of WHO.The phytochemical and TLC studies showed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, phenols, steroids, terpenoids and proteins.The GCMS analysis of seed Momardicacharantiashowed five major compounds were found to be n-hexadeconic acid, 9,12-Octadecadinoic acid,Octadecanoic acid,Hexadecanoic acid-2-hydroxy-1-hydroxy methyl ethyl ester and Gamma-sitosterol.The Therapeutic activity may be due to the major compounds identified by GCMS and further have to be evaluated.Mostly cucurbitaceae plant possesses the highest nutritive value and also a good source of carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, vitamins, and minerals. Fruits are composed of sufficient of water,protein and lipids respectively.In addition to this MC seeds can represent a good source of lipids, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and they are among the few foods containing conjugated linolenic acid, being as eleostearic acid. The essential oil, obtained from drought seeds, contains sesquiterpenes, phenylpropanoids and monoterpenes. Other bioactive compounds, such as tocopherols and polyphenols have been reported in general. The pericarp, the aril, the stem and the leaves of the plant are also a good source of phenolic compounds, which can be useful to protect from oxidative damage by acting directly on reactive oxygen species and to induce endogenous defense systems.

Changes in the Folate Content and Fatty Acid Profile in Fermented Milk Produced with Different Starter Cultures during Storage

The application of bacterial cultures in food fermentation is a novel strategy to increase the “natural” levels of bioactive compounds. The unique ability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to produce folate, B vitamins, and conjugated linolenic acid cis9trans11 C18:2 (CLA) during cold storage up to 21 days was studied. Although some species of LAB can produce folates and other important nutrients, little is known about the production ability of yogurt starter cultures. Pasteurized milk samples were inoculated with four different combinations of commercially available yogurt vaccines, including starter cultures of Bifidobacterium bifidum. Both the type of vaccine and the time of storage at 8 °C had a significant effect on the folate and CLA contents in the tested fermented milks. The highest folate content (105.4 µg/kg) was found in fresh fermented milk inoculated with Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Bifidobacterium bifidum. Only the mix of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Bifidobacterium bifidum showed potential (59% increase) to synthesize folate during seven days of storage. A significant increase in the content of CLA, when compared to fresh fermented milk, was observed during cold storage for up to 21 days in products enriched with Bifidobacterium bifidum.

Liver and serum lipids in Wistar rats fed a novel structured lipid containing conjugated linoleic acid and conjugated linolenic acid

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) have been known to have several health-promoting effects. The aim of this study was to introduce a novel structured lipid (SL) including both CLA and CLnA (cis9, trans11, cis13-18:3, punicic acid) into one triacylglycerol (TAG) molecule through enzymatic interesterification and investigate its effect on body weight, liver and serum lipids in Wistar rats. CLA oil, pomegranate seed oil (as a rich source of CLnA) and soybean oil (as a negative control) were applied as other experimental oils. The rats were fed the oils at 1500 mg/kg body weight per day via oral gavage for 45 days. Gas chromatography analysis showed that SL included CLnA and CLA in roughly equal concentrations. The in vivo study revealed that SL had the greatest effect on the reduction in liver lipid weight (4.65 g/100g of liver) and liver TAG (13.28 mg/g) compared to soybean oil (8.7 g/100g and 18.8 mg/g, respectively). High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the serum of rats which were fed CLA oil significantly (p < 0.05) increased (from 0.95 to 1.14 mmol/l). Pomegranate seed oil reduced low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (about 40% and 24% reduction, respectively). A remarkable TAG reduction (p < 0.05) was observed in all treated rats.

The effect of production systems on beef fatty acid composition

<p>The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different production systems on fatty acids (FA) composition of three beef muscles (<em>longissimus </em>thoracis, <em>semitendinosus</em> and <em>diaphragmae</em>). The first group (MGSC) included 8 bulls of Slovenian Brown breed that were fattened with maize, grass silage and concentrates. The second group (MCS) included 8 bulls of Slovenian Simental breed that were fattened with maize silage, ensiled corn grain and concentrates. The third group (GS) included 6 Limousine × Simmental crossbreed bulls that have been fattened on pasture in cow-calf production system until slaughter. In fourth group (G) 8 bulls of Slovenian Simmental breed were fattened on pasture from spring to autumn when they were slaughtered. Bulls from MSC and MGSC had similar carcass weight (316 kg, 308 kg, respectively), whereas bulls from GS had the lightest (215 kg) and bulls from G the heaviest carcass weight (371 kg). Carcass fatness was similar for bulls in MSC, MGSC and G groups and slightly lower in GS group. The percentage of saturated FA differed among groups only in <em>semitendinosus</em> muscle. Bulls from G and GS had lower percentage of monounsaturated FA (MUFA) and higher percentage of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) in all three muscles. Bulls from grazing production systems had higher n-3 PUFA values in all muscles and higher n-6 PUFA values in <em>semitendinosus</em> and <em>diaphragmae. </em>Bulls fattened on pasture had lower n-6/n-3 ratio in all three muscles. Bulls from GS had a higher percentage of conjugated linolenic acid in comparison to MGSC and MCS groups in all muscles except in <em>semitendinosus</em> where percentage of CLA was higher only from MGSC group.</p>