scholarly journals Impact of a Breathing Intervention on Engagement of Abdominal, Thoracic, and Subclavian Musculature during Exercise, a Randomized Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 3514
Author(s):  
Petr Bahenský ◽  
Václav Bunc ◽  
Renata Malátová ◽  
David Marko ◽  
Gregory J. Grosicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Breathing technique may influence endurance exercise performance by reducing overall breathing work and delaying respiratory muscle fatigue. We investigated whether a two-month yoga-based breathing intervention could affect breathing characteristics during exercise. Methods: Forty-six endurance runners (age = 16.6 ± 1.2 years) were randomized to either a breathing intervention or control group. The contribution of abdominal, thoracic, and subclavian musculature to respiration and ventilation parameters during three different intensities on a cycle ergometer was assessed pre- and post-intervention. Results: Post-intervention, abdominal, thoracic, and subclavian ventilatory contributions were altered at 2 W·kg−1 (27:23:50 to 31:28:41), 3 W·kg−1 (26:22:52 to 28:31:41), and 4 W·kg−1 (24:24:52 to 27:30:43), whereas minimal changes were observed in the control group. More specifically, a significant (p < 0.05) increase in abdominal contribution was observed at rest and during low intensity work (i.e., 2 and 3 W·kg−1), and a decrease in respiratory rate and increase of tidal volume were observed in the experimental group. Conclusions: These data highlight an increased reliance on more efficient abdominal and thoracic musculature, and less recruitment of subclavian musculature, in young endurance athletes during exercise following a two-month yoga-based breathing intervention. More efficient ventilatory muscular recruitment may benefit endurance performance by reducing energy demand and thus optimize energy requirements for mechanical work.

scholarly journals Effect of respiratory muscle strengthening on rowing performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angage Dilani Priyashanthi Perera ◽  
Anoja Ariyasinghe ◽  
Anula Kariyawasam
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Strength ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Rowing Performance ◽  
Rowing Ergometer ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Respiratory muscle training (RMT) has been proposed as a beneficial means of improving respiratory muscle strength (RMS) and respiratory muscle fatigue (RMF) in athletes. Aims and Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 12-week specific RMT program on the RMS, RMF and rowing ergometer performance in highly- trained rowers. Materials and Methods: Twenty professional rowers aged 20-35 years were recruited for the study during the competitive period and randomly grouped into an experimental (n=11) or control (n=9) group. Baseline measurements of maximal inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures were obtained with a portable handheld mouth pressure meter while performance was assessed by 2000m and 5000m rowing ergometer machine. Subsequently rowers in the experimental group were prescribed a novel RMT program comprising of specific breathing and abdominal muscle exercises while the control group was prescribed a “general exercise program” for non- respiratory muscles for a 12-week period. RMF was assessed by calculating the difference between the pre-exercise and post-exercise mouth pressures. Results: Respiratory muscle strength improved overtime in the experimental and the control group following the respective training programs (p<0.05) with the experimental group showing higher RMS and lower RMF. However, there were no statistically significant differences in RMS and RMF between the two groups (P>0.05). More importantly, rowing ergometer performance improved significantly in the experimental group compared to the control (p<0.01). Conclusion: The results suggest that the novel RMT program had a significant effect in improving rowing performance, although the effect on RMS and RMF was not significant.

scholarly journals Reducing Aggression by Developing Emotional and Inhibitory Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5263
Author(s):  
Miriam Romero-López ◽  
María Carmen Pichardo ◽  
Ana Justicia-Arráez ◽  
Judit Bembibre-Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Experimental Group

The objective of this study is to measure the effectiveness of a program on improving inhibitory and emotional control among children. In addition, it is assessed whether the improvement of these skills has an effect on the reduction of aggressive behavior in pre-school children. The participants were 100 children, 50 belonging to the control group and 50 to the experimental group, aged between 5 and 6 years. Pre-intervention and post-intervention measures of inhibitory and emotional control (BRIEF-P) and aggression (BASC) were taken. A Generalized Linear Mixed Model analysis (GLMM) was performed and found that children in the experimental group scored higher on inhibitory and emotional control compared to their peers in the control group. In addition, these improvements have an effect on the decrease in aggressiveness. In conclusion, preventive research should have among its priorities the design of such program given their implications for psychosocial development.

A model of entrepreneurship education in franchising – application of outside-in marketing with a behavioural focus

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-133
Author(s):  
Sara Quach ◽  
Scott Weaven ◽  
Park Thaichon ◽  
Debra Grace ◽  
Lorelle Frazer
Keyword(s):  
Planning Process ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Implementation Evaluation ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
On Line ◽  
Experimental Group

Purpose Drawing on an outside-in marketing perspective, this paper aims to outline the development, implementation, evaluation and reflection of a real-world entrepreneurship education (EE) intervention with cognitive, affective and ultimately behavioural objectives. Design/methodology/approach A specific and uniform EE program specifically targeted to current “would be” entrepreneurs who were investigating the franchising business model was developed, focusing on the behavioural outcomes. The effectiveness of the EE intervention was evaluated using a quasi-experimental research design, which involved franchisees who had not participated in the EE intervention (control group) and franchisees who had participated in the EE intervention (experimental group). The administration of the national on-line survey yielded a total of 520 responses (194 in the experimental group and 326 in the control group). Findings The planning process in the pre-intervention stage included situation analysis, objective setting and decisions in relation to the communication strategy, i.e. content and mode. The effectiveness of the EE intervention was evaluated in the post-intervention stage. The findings indicate that EE intervention resulted in participants’ positive cognitive, affective and behavioural outcomes such as performance and relationship management. Finally, following a reflection process, additional elements covering topics related to work-life balance were incorporated into the module pertaining to an individual’s suitability to become a franchisee. Originality/value This paper proposes a conceptual framework that represents an outside-in EE approach whereby problems, audiences, objectives and communication strategies (content and method) are strategically intertwined to produce relevant, measurable and diagnostic behavioural outcomes. The EE intervention can also improve the B2B relationship between actors in a business network.

Individualized Training Based on Force–Velocity Profiling During Jumping in Ballet Dancers

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 788-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A. Escobar Álvarez ◽  
Juan P. Fuentes García ◽  
Filipe A. Da Conceição ◽  
Pedro Jiménez-Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Field Method ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Ballet Dancers ◽  
Maximal Force ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Experimental Group

Purpose: Ballet dancers are required to achieve performance feats such as exciting and dramatic elevations. Dancers with a greater jump height can perform a wider range of skills during their flight time and implement more specific technical skills related to the aesthetic components of a dance choreography. New findings suggest the relationship between force and velocity mechanical capabilities (F-V profile) as an important variable for jumping performance. A new field method based on several series of loaded vertical jumps provides information on the theoretical maximal force, theoretical maximal velocity, theoretical maximal power, and the imbalance between force and velocity (F-VIMB). The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of 9 wk of individualized F-V profile-based training during countermovement jumps (CMJs) in female ballet dancers. Methods: CMJ and mechanical outputs of 46 dancers (age = 18.9 [1.1] y, body mass = 54.8 [6.1] kg, height = 163.7 [8.4] cm) were estimated in a pre–post intervention. The control group (10 participants) continued with the standardized training regimen (no resistance training), whereas the experimental group (36 participants) performed 2 sessions over 9 wk of a training plan based on their F-V profile. Results: The experimental group presented significant differences with large effect sizes in CMJ height (29.3 [3.2] cm vs 33.5 [3.72] cm), theoretical maximal force (24.1 [2.2] N/kg vs 29.9 [2.8] N/kg), and theoretical maximal velocity (4 [0.6] m/s vs 3.2 [0.5] m/s). Significant differences with a very large effect size were found in F-VIMB (43.8% [15.3%] vs 24.9% [8.7%]). Conclusion: A training program addressing F-VIMB is an effective way to improve CMJ height in female ballet dancers.

scholarly journals Feasibility of a Mobile Phone App to Support Recovery From Addiction in China: Secondary Analysis of a Pilot Study (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Han ◽  
Jing Ying Zhang ◽  
Yih-Ing Hser ◽  
Di Liang ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Health Messages ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Urine Test ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Urine Testing ◽  
Experimental Group

BACKGROUND Mobile health technologies have been found to improve the self-management of chronic diseases. However, there is limited research regarding their feasibility in supporting recovery from substance use disorders (SUDs) in China. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the feasibility of a mobile phone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) app by testing the concordance of drug use assessed by the EMA, urine testing, and a life experience timeline (LET) assessment. METHODS A total of 75 participants dependent on heroin or amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) in Shanghai were recruited to participate in a 4-week pilot study. Of the participants, 50 (67% [50/75]) were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 25 (33% [25/75]) were assigned to the control group. The experimental group used mobile health (mHealth) based EMA technology to assess their daily drug use in natural environments and received 2 short health messages each day, whereas the control group only received 2 short health messages each day from the app. Urine tests and LET assessments were conducted each week and a post-intervention survey was administered to both groups. The correlations among the EMA, the LET assessment, and the urine test were investigated. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 41.6 (SD 8.0) years, and 71% (53/75) were male. During the 4 weeks of observation, 690 daily EMA survey data were recorded, with a response rate of 49.29% (690/1400). With respect to drug use, the percent of agreement between the EMA and the LET was 66.7%, 79.2%, 72.4%, and 85.8%, respectively, for each of the 4 weeks, whereas the percent of agreement between the EMA and the urine test was 51.2%, 65.1%, 61.9%, and 71.5%, respectively. The post-intervention survey indicated that 46% (32/70) of the participants preferred face-to-face interviews rather than the mHealth app. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated poor agreement between the EMA data and the LET and found that the acceptance of mHealth among individuals with SUDs in China was not positive. Hence, greater efforts are needed to improve the feasibility of mHealth in China.

scholarly journals The Effect of Mind Subtraction Meditation on Smartphone Addiction in School Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Gyeong Yoo ◽  
Min Jeong Lee ◽  
Boas Yu ◽  
Mi Ra Yun
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
School Based ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Experimental Group

BACKGROUND: Aim of current study was to examine the effects of school-based mind subtraction meditation program on smartphone addiction tendency and mental health of third grade students in a South Korean elementary school. MATERIALS &amp; METHODS: A quasi-experimental design with nonequivalent comparison groups was used. An experimental group (n = 24), who participated in the school-based meditation program, and a control group (n = 22), who did not participate in the program, were measured pre-test, post-test, and also three months after the completion of this study on smartphone addiction tendency and mental health. RESULTS: The study result showed a significant decrease in smartphone addiction tendency and also significant improvements in mental health variables of depression, anxiety, aggression, and impulsivity for the experimental group. These improvements were shown to continue even after the study completion when measured post-intervention at three months. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the mind subtraction meditation program had positive effects on smartphone addiction tendency and mental health variables. It can be suggested from this study to recommend mind subtraction meditation as one of feasible strategies to prevent smartphone addiction and to improve mental health status in elementary school children. Further, this study meaningfully supports positive beneficial evidence of meditation program utilization in schools.

scholarly journals Effects of the Brain Wave Modulation Technique Administered Online on Stress, Anxiety, Global Distress, and Affect During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Cozzolino ◽  
Giovanna Celia ◽  
Laura Girelli ◽  
Pierpaolo Limone
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Brain Wave ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Wave Modulation ◽  
Modulation Technique ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Global Distress

This study aims to evaluate the effects of an innovative mind-body practice named the brain wave modulation technique (BWM-T) on stress, anxiety, global distress, and affect. The technique was administered online through a web-based video conferencing platform. The intervention started on week four of the first quarantine in Italy (week commencing 30th March 2020), for a duration of 4 weeks and ended before lockdown measures were loosened. 310 people participated in the study, mean age 28.73 years old (SD = 9.16), 77.8% women. Of these, about half were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the other half served as controls. Participants completed online psychological tests before and after the intervention. 266 people (144 experimental, 122 controls) completed the post-intervention tests. Consistent with our hypothesis, the study’s findings indicate a reduction in the levels of stress, anxiety, global distress, and negative affect in the experimental group, compared to the control group. Moreover, the experimental group also showed higher levels of positive affect, compared to controls after the intervention. The present findings add to the current literature in suggesting that the BWM-T reduced stress not only when administered face-to face but also when administered online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, we also noted that the BWM-T has an effect on anxiety, global distress, and affect, which we had not investigated in previous studies.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Using the Overlapping Waves Strategy During the Teaching of Geography in Acquiring the Realistic Thinking Skills and Improving the Attitudes Toward it Among the Sixth Grade Students in Jordan

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Ahmed I. Daoud
Keyword(s):  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Geography Teaching ◽  
Sixth Grade Students ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Experimental Group

The study aimed to examine the effectiveness of using the overlapping waves strategy during the teaching of geography lessons in acquiring realistic thinking skills and improving the attitudes towards geography in a sample of sixth grade students in Jordan using the quasi-experimental method. The purposive method was used to select the study sample (n = 64) students, who were randomly assigned either to the experimental group (n = 32), taught geography lessons with the overlapping waves strategy method, or the control group (n = 32), taught  geography lessons with the usual method. The Realistic Thinking Skills Test (RTT) was prepared with its three dimensions, as well as the attitudes towards Geography Scale (AGS). After verifying their validity and validity, the two instruments were applied to the sample as pre post intervention. The results of the statistical analysis indicated that there were statistically significant differences at (α = 0.05) in the post test between the mean of the experimental group and the control group scores on the Realistic Thinking Skills Scale (RTS) and the Attitudes towards Geography Scale (AGS) in favor of the experimental group, indicating the efficiency of using the overlapping waves strategy used in the current study in geography teaching.

scholarly journals Proprioceptive Training to Improve Static and Dynamic Balance in Elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 194-199
Author(s):  
Giovanni Esposito ◽  
Gaetano Altavilla ◽  
Felice Di Domenico ◽  
Sara Aliberti ◽  
Tiziana D’Isanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Proprioceptive Training ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: The risk of falls is a major cause of disability in older adults. A single fall, for the elderly, increases the risk of frequent falls and often causes an increased fear of falling again, which can become debilitating. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to test the effects of 12 weeks of proprioceptive training on the static and dynamic balance of older adults who have experienced at least one fall without compromising consequences. Method: The sample consisted of older adults, aged 60 to 80 years, randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group, which followed a proprioceptive training protocol at a physiotherapy studio, and a control group, which did not observe any treatment. Static and dynamic balance assessment was performed pre-and post-intervention. The tests administered were the Berg Balance Test for the evaluation of static balance, and the Four-Square Step Test, for dynamic balance. A questionnaire to assess confidence and fear of falling was administered at the end of the protocol. Independent sample t-test was performed to analyze differences between groups and two-way ANOVA to test the null hypothesis of no change different over time between groups (interaction intervention × time). A Chi-Square was performed to analyze perceptions. Conclusions: The results showed that 12 weeks of proprioceptive training effectively improved dynamic and static balance in older adults. The perceptions of the experimental group were more positive than the other one, in terms of the importance of physical activity to prevent the risk of falls, fear of falling again, and experience of falls during the last 12 weeks.

scholarly journals Evaluation of nursing students’ learning using realistic scenarios with and without debriefing

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita de Cassia Silva Vieira Janicas ◽  
Nádia Zanon Narchi
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Baseline Measurement ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: to compare the clinical performance of nursing students in learning scenarios with and without debriefing in a simulation center. Method: a longitudinal, prospective, interventional, crossover randomized study, with a quantitative approach and before-and-after type, with a population composed of 120 nursing students distributed randomly between experimental and control group. The study phases included theoretical and demonstrative practice on child immunization; first Clinical Performance Test, which served as baseline measurement; randomization; scenarios with debriefing for the experimental group and without debriefing for the control group, according to clinical performance/intervention examination; exchange of groups or crossover; third Clinical Performance Test. Results: debriefing was proven to be effective in improving the performance of the students in the clinical exams, because improvement in the performance of the experimental group both in relation to the baseline measurement examination and in comparison with the control group in the post-intervention performance examination and in the third examination, after crossover (p<0.001). Conclusion: the use of scenarios with debriefing constitutes a strategy facilitating the teaching-learning process in the undergraduate nursing course.

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