Study of the antiallergic activity of the leaves of Moringa oleifera (moringaceae) in the albino mouse Mus musculus

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 042-052
Author(s):  
OUATTARA-SORO Fatou Shcherazade ◽  
ACRAY-ZENGBE Pétronille ◽  
ZAHOUI Christian Michel Vianney ◽  
ABIZI Georges
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Antiallergic Activity ◽  
Hematological Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Different Doses

Allergic diseases are constantly growing, however the efficiency of classical treatments is not total. Thus, new therapeutic tools are considered such as phytotherapy. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the effect of the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera in mice. The phytochemical study revealed the presence of poly terpenes/sterols, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids but also the absence of quinones and saponosides. The acute toxicity study at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight (bw) by the oral route revealed that the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera is not toxic and would have an oral LD50 greater than to 2000 mg/kg bw. The anti-allergic effect of Moringa oleifera leaf Total Aquous Extract (E.T.A.) was evaluated by observing the number of scratching in allergic mice treated orally with two different doses of this extract. A reduction of the number of scratching in mice treated with the extract was observed. This was confirmed by hematological analysis where a considerable increase in the number of immune cells and a decrease in the recruitment of these cells to inflammatory sites were observed. This confirms that the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera has a dose-dependent antiallergic activity

scholarly journals Subchronic toxicity of aqueous extract of Alstonia boonei de wild. (apocynaceae) stem bark in normal rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barnabé Lucien Nkono Ya Nkono ◽  
Selestin Dongmo Sokeng ◽  
Paul Désiré Dzeufiet Djomeni ◽  
Frida Longo ◽  
Pierre Kamtchouing
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Male ◽  
Control Female ◽  
Hematological Analysis ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Dose Dependent

<p><strong>Methodology:</strong> Wistar rats were randomly assigned into eight groups of five animals each: four male groups and four female groups. Each sex group had a control group receiving distilled water and three test groups receiving 200, 500 and 1000mg/kg respectively. Animal’s body weights were recorded on the first day and once a week for the four experiment weeks. The hematological analysis included total WBC count, total RBC count, Hb, %HCT, MCV, MCH and MCHC. Biochemical/serum profile studies include TG, TC, ALT, AST, urea and TP. Tissue specimens of the liver, kidney and lung were subjected to histological examination using standard hematoxylin-eosin staining.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> In male rats, aqueous extract showed significant decreases in relative weight of liver with extreme significance P&lt;0.001 at a dose of 200mg/kg (vs. control group), P&lt;0.001 of lung at all the doses, P&lt;0.05 (200 and 500mg/kg) and P&lt;0.01 (1000mg/kg) in heart weight. In relative kidney weight, only the dose of 1000mg/kg showed a significant increase vs. normal control male rats. Unlike male rats, only relative kidney weight in female rats was significantly different from the control group in a dose-dependent manner. The aqueous extract treated male groups showed significant increases P&lt;0.001 (1000mg/kg) of total WBC count and MCHC, significant decreases of %HTC (dose response manner), P&lt;0.05 total RBC count (at doses of 500 and 1000mg/kg) and Hb P&lt;0.01 (500mg/kg) vs. normal male rats. In female rats, the haematological study showed significant increase P&lt;0.01 of total WBC count (at the doses of 500 and 1000mg/kg), significant decreases P&lt;0.05 and P&lt;0.01 of total RBC respectively at the doses of 200 and 1000mg/kg, significant decrease of Hb with extreme significance P&lt;0.001 at the dose 1000mg/kg, %HTC also decrease dose response manner vs. control female rats. Biochemical study showed in male rats significant decreases in level of TG P&lt;0.001 (at the doses of 200 and 500mg/kg) and urea, although it showed any dose-dependent effect vs. control male rats. AST also decreases (P&lt;0.05) in male rats at the dose of 200mg/kg but significantly increase P&lt;0.001 at the dose of 500mg/kg. In the female rats, biochemical study revealed significant increases in level of TG P&lt;0.001 and urea P&lt;0.01 at the dose of 200mg/kg and significant decreases in level of TG P&lt;0.01, AST P&lt;0.05 and urea P&lt;0.05 at the dose of 500mg/kg (vs. control female rats). Microscopically, there were mild hepatic and renal tissue injuries supporting the hematological analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results indicated that aqueous extract of <em>Alstonia boonei</em> De Wild is toxic in high doses.</p>

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC AND AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF BARKS OF MYRIANTHUS HOLSTII ENGL. (CECROPIACEAE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1143-1150
Author(s):  
Yeo Sounta Oumar ◽  
◽  
Monyn Ebalah Delphine ◽  
Silue Kalamourou ◽  
Mawa Traore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Chemical Screening ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Variable Sensitivity ◽  
Dose Dependent

The aim of this work is to study phytochemicals and evaluate the antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Myrianthus holstii bark on three reference and five clinical strains derived from biological products. The results obtained show that the gives the best extraction yield. Chemical screening revealed the presence of polyphenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponosides, quinones, anthocyanins, tannins, terpenoids and sterols in both extracts. The results obtained show that the strains tested have a variable sensitivity for the two extracts and their concentrations. Diffusion and dilution methods on Muller-Hinton were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the extracts. The diameters of the inhibition zones are between 8 and 16 mm for the ethanolic extract starting from 25 mg/mL and between 8 and 12 mm for the aqueous extract at 50 mg/mL. The results revealed that these extracts have a dose-dependent antibacterial activity on the bacterial strains used. However, the 70% ethanolic extract has a better antibacterial potential on the strains compared with the aqueous extract, namely on S. aureus (CMI=3.12 mg/mL), E. coli ATCC (CMI=12.5 mg/mL) and S. aureus Meti-R (CMI=12.5 mg/mL). Also, this extract is bactericidal on all strains studied and its MIC ranges from 3.12 to 100 mg/mL after 24 and 48 hours of incubation. This study showed that extracts of Myrianthus holstii could be used in the treatment of infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Hypoglycemic Potential of Aqueous Extracts of Ageratum Conyzoides L., Anthocleista Djalonensis A. Chev. and Bidens Pilosa L., Three Plants from the Ivorian Pharmacopoeia

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Stephane Gnagne ◽  
Kiyinlma Coulibaly ◽  
N’Guessan Bra Yvette Fofie ◽  
Kouadio Bene ◽  
Guede Noel Zirihi
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Regulation ◽  
Dose Dependent

Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae), Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev. (Gentianaceae) and Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) are three plants used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes. The objective of this present study was to investigate the hypoglycemic potential of the aqueous extracts of these three plants, in order to justify their use by traditional healers. Each extract and both control substances were administered at a single dose to animals by gavage using a catheter for each concentration (70, 90 and 110 mg / ml), at the recommended dose (2 ml / 100g of b.w). The search for the hypoglycemic effect of the aqueous extract of each plant in normal glycemic rats given orally showed a decrease in blood glucose. The aqueous extract of Bidens pilosa induces a significant dose-dependent hypoglycaemia. The phytochemical study has revealed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins (catechins and gallic), saponosides and alkaloids, compounds with multiple medical properties, including glycemic regulation in diabetics. The study revealed that the aqueous extracts of the three plants have a hypoglycemic potential with the aqueous extract of Bidens pilosa showing better activity, the results of our investigation justify their use in traditional medicine in the treatment of diabetes.

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities and the phytochemical study of Astragalus arbusculinus gum in animal models

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asie Shojaii ◽  
Manijeh Motevalian ◽  
Nazanin Rahnama
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Analgesic Activities ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Doses

AbstractThe importance of inflammatory diseases and side effects of conventional drugs necessitate the finding of new anti-inflammatory agents from natural sources. In this study, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the aqueous extract ofThirty-five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups and pretreated with different doses ofThe extract ofThe aqueous extract of

Melatonin actions in the heart; more than a hormone

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darío Acuña-Castroviejo ◽  
Maria T Noguiera-Navarro ◽  
Russel J Reiter ◽  
Germaine Escames
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Myocardial Cell ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Broad Distribution ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Extrapineal Melatonin ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Different Doses

Due to the broad distribution of extrapineal melatonin in multiple organs and tissues, we analyzed the presence and subcellular distribution of the indoleamine in the heart of rats. Groups of sham-operated and pinealectomized rats were sacrificed at different times along the day, and the melatonin content in myocardial cell membranes, cytosol, nuclei and mitochondria, were measured. Other groups of control animals were treated with different doses of melatonin to monitor its intracellular distribution. The results show that melatonin levels in the cell membrane, cytosol, nucleus, and mitochondria vary along the day, without showing a circadian rhythm. Pinealectomized animals trend to show higher values than sham-operated rats. Exogenous administration of melatonin yields its accumulation in a dose-dependent manner in all subcellular compartments analyzed, with maximal concentrations found in cell membranes at doses of 200 mg/kg bw melatonin. Interestingly, at dose of 40 mg/kg b.w, maximal concentration of melatonin was reached in the nucleus and mitochondrion. The results confirm previous data in other rat tissues including liver and brain, and support that melatonin is not uniformly distributed in the cell, whereas high doses of melatonin may be required for therapeutic purposes.

СОХРАНЕНИЕ ПРИВЕРЖЕННОСТИ К ТЕРАПИИ КАК ГАРАНТИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ СЛИТ

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.S. Pavlova ◽  
D.S. Mdinaradze
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Atopic Asthma ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Methods Of Treatment ◽  
Choice Of Therapy ◽  
Dose Dependent Effect ◽  
Reduced Adherence

По данным ВОЗ, рекомендации врача выполняют не более 50 пациентов. В конечном итоге это приводит к снижению или отсутствию эффекта от назначаемого лечения. В связи с этим во всех последних международных и национальных руководствах говорится о необходимости учета предпочтений пациента при выборе терапии. Аллерген-специфическая иммунотерапия (АСИТ) является одним из основных методов лечения аллергических заболеваний, таких как аллергический ринит, конъюнктивит и атопическая бронхиальная астма, обладает болезнь-модифицирующими свойствами и долгосрочным эффектом после окончания лечения. АСИТ относится к профилактическому и продолжительному методу (рекомендовано на протяжении не менее 3 лет), что часто является причиной снижения приверженности к терапии. В различных исследованиях подтвержден зависимый от дозы аллергена эффект АСИТ, а следовательно, изменение режимов или сокращение сроков терапии могут влиять на конечный результат. При недостаточной эффективности АСИТ необходимо в первую очередь рассматривать вероятность низкого комплаенса. Сублингвальная АСИТ (СЛИТ) требует от пациента высокой вовлеченности в процесс лечения. Задачей врача в данном случае становится повышение терапевтического сотрудничества как одного из важнейших факторов обеспечения эффективности СЛИТ. Основными способами в данном случае являются улучшение понимания пациентом цели терапии и регулярный контроль со стороны врача.According to WHO at last 50 of the patient dont follow doctors recommendations. Ultimately, this leads to a decrease or absence of the treatment effect. In this regard, all the latest international and national guidelines mention the need to take into account the patients preferences in the choice of therapy. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is one of the main methods of treatment of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis and atopic asthma, and has disease modifying properties and the long-term efficacy after stop treatment. AIT refers to a preventive and long-term method (recommended for at least 3 years), that is often the cause of reduced adherence to therapy. Various studies have confirmed the dose-dependent effect of AIT, and, consequently, changes in regimens or shortening of therapy may affect the end result. In case of insufficient effectiveness of AIT, the probability of low compliance should be considered first of all. Sublingual AIT (SLIT) requires the patient to be highly involved in the treatment process. The task of the doctor in this case is increasing therapeutic cooperation, as one of the most important factors to ensure the effectiveness of SLIT. The main methods in this case are to improve the patients understanding of the purpose of the therapy and regular monitoring by the doctor.

Novel Approaches for Oral Delivery of Insulin and Current Status of Oral Insulin Products

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1057-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinesh V P ◽  
Neelam D P ◽  
Punit B ◽  
Bhavesh S.B ◽  
Pragna K. S
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Insulin Administration ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Dose Dependent

Diabetes mellitus is a serious pathologic condition that is responsible for major healthcare problems worldwide and costing billions of dollars annually. Insulin replacement therapy has been used in the clinical management of diabetes mellitus for more than 84 years. The present mode of insulin administration is by the subcutaneous route through which insulin is presented to the body in a non-physiological manner having many challenges. Hence novel approaches for insulin delivery are being explored. Challenges to oral route of insulin administration are: rapid enzymatic degradation in the stomach, inactivation and digestion by proteolytic enzymes in the intestinal lumen and poor permeability across intestinal epithelium because of its high molecular weight and lack of lipophilicity. Liposomes, microemulsions, nanocubicles, and so forth have been prepared for the oral delivery of insulin. Chitosan-coated microparticles protected insulin from the gastric environment of the body and released intestinal pH. Limitations to the delivery of insulin have not resulted in fruitful results to date and there is still a need to prepare newer delivery systems, which can produce dose-dependent and reproducible effects, in addition to increased bioavailability.

scholarly journals Ketamine—50 years in use: from anesthesia to rapid antidepressant effects and neurobiological mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-345
Author(s):  
Samuel Kohtala
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
The Past ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Different Doses

AbstractOver the past 50 years, ketamine has solidified its position in both human and veterinary medicine as an important anesthetic with many uses. More recently, ketamine has been studied and used for several new indications, ranging from chronic pain to drug addiction and post-traumatic stress disorder. The discovery of the rapid-acting antidepressant effects of ketamine has resulted in a surge of interest towards understanding the precise mechanisms driving its effects. Indeed, ketamine may have had the largest impact for advancements in the research and treatment of psychiatric disorders in the past few decades. While intense research efforts have been aimed towards uncovering the molecular targets underlying ketamine’s effects in treating depression, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain elusive. These efforts are made more difficult by ketamine’s complex dose-dependent effects on molecular mechanisms, multiple pharmacologically active metabolites, and a mechanism of action associated with the facilitation of synaptic plasticity. This review aims to provide a brief overview of the different uses of ketamine, with an emphasis on examining ketamine’s rapid antidepressant effects spanning molecular, cellular, and network levels. Another focus of the review is to offer a perspective on studies related to the different doses of ketamine used in antidepressant research. Finally, the review discusses some of the latest hypotheses concerning ketamine’s action.

The effect of deer antler from East Kalimantan to increase trabecular bone density and calcium levels in serum on osteoporotic mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Retno Widyowati ◽  
Suciati Suciati ◽  
Dewi Melani Haryadi ◽  
Hsin-I Chang ◽  
IPG Ngurah Suryawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Trabecular Bone Density ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Deer Antler ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Objectives Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (dexamethasone) is a primary cause of secondary osteoporosis by the decreasing formation and increasing resorption activities. Previously, the in vitro study showed that 70% ethanol and aqueous extract of deer antler have increased alkaline phosphatase in osteoblast cell that known as marker of bone formation. The mind of this study is to analyze the effect of deer antlers in increasing the bone trabecular density of osteoporosis-induced male mice. Methods This study used a post-test control group design. A total of 54 healthy male mice were randomly divided to nine groups, i.e., healthy control, osteoporotic, positive control, 70% ethanol (4, 8, and 12 mg/kg BW), and aqueous extracts (4, 8, and 12 mg/kg BW) of deer antler groups. All of the interventions were given 1 mL of test sample for 4 weeks orally. The bone densities were determined using histomorphometry by Image J and Adobe Photoshop. The statistical data were performed using SPSS 23 and statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results The results showed that alendronate group, 70% ethanol, and aqueous extract groups increased bone density and calcium levels in serum (p<0.05) compared to osteoporotic group in dose dependent manner. It indicated that 70% ethanol and aqueous extract of deer antler stimulating bone turnover and aqueous extract showed the highest. Conclusions Dexamethasone induction for 4 weeks caused osteoporotic mice and the administration of 70% ethanol and aqueous extracts of deer antler from East Kalimantan increased trabecular bone density and calcium levels in dose dependent manner.

scholarly journals Potential for imaging the high-affinity state of the 5-HT1B receptor: a comparison of three PET radioligands with differing intrinsic activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Lindberg ◽  
Ryosuke Arakawa ◽  
Tsuyoshi Nogami ◽  
Sangram Nag ◽  
Magnus Schou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Intrinsic Activity ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Agonist Affinity States ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Background Over the last decade, a few radioligands have been developed for PET imaging of brain 5-HT1B receptors. The 5-HT1B receptor is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that exists in two different agonist affinity states. An agonist ligand is expected to be more sensitive towards competition from another agonist, such as endogenous 5-HT, than an antagonist ligand. It is of interest to know whether the intrinsic activity of a PET radioligand for the 5-HT1B receptor impacts on its ability to detect changes in endogenous synaptic 5-HT density. Three high-affinity 11C-labeled 5-HT1B PET radioligands with differing intrinsic activity were applied to PET measurements in cynomolgus monkey to evaluate their sensitivity to be displaced within the brain by endogenous 5-HT. For these experiments, fenfluramine was pre-administered at two different doses (1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg, i.v.) to induce synaptic 5-HT release. Results A dose-dependent response to fenfluramine was detected for all three radioligands. At the highest dose of fenfluramine (5.0 mg/kg, i.v.), reductions in specific binding in the occipital cortex increased with radioligand agonist efficacy, reaching 61% for [11C]3. The most antagonistic radioligand showed the lowest reduction in specific binding. Conclusions Three 5-HT1B PET radioligands were identified with differing intrinsic activity that could be used in imaging high- and low-affinity states of 5-HT1B receptors using PET. From this limited study, radioligand sensitivity to endogenous 5-HT appears to depend on agonist efficacy. More extensive studies are required to substantiate this suggestion.

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