Corrosion resistance evaluation of carbon and vanadium-based sputtered coatings on steel substrates

Steels are in constant contact with fluids that could generate corrosion regardless the application in which this steel is located. AISI-SAE 1045 like steels is widely used in different applications in engineering, even several of these parts made of this steel suffers wear processes. The synergy between corrosion and wear phenomena exacerbates the detriment of some physical properties of the material conducing it to a failure. A potential alternative to avoid this issue is to coat the material surface with an anticorrosive material, and among different techniques to produce coatings, physical vapor deposition ones are environmentally friendly, secure and with excellent properties on the final product. We report the production of coatings based on vanadium and carbon on AISI-SAE 1045 steels substrates varying some of the deposition parameters in a sputtering coatings machine. A 23-factorial design of experiments was done with power applied to the vanadium target, power applied to the carbon target and temperature as active factors with two levels each one. A relevant effect of the power applied to V target and temperature on the anticorrosive properties of the coatings was found, thus increasing these factors levels always gives higher surface roughness and higher corrosion rates, this result together provides an important insight into the values that must be considered to achieve good anticorrosive properties on the material. Overall, these results indicate that with low V target power and room temperature, and high C target power the lowest corrosion rates and roughness of the group are achieved, both results agree.

Self-consistent description of the halo nature of 31Ne with continuum and pairing correlations

Using a Glauber model with our relativistic fully microscopic structure model input, we give a full description of the halo nature of $^{31}$Ne that includes a self-consistent use of pairing and continuum contributions that makes predictions consistent with reaction cross section measurements. Our predictions of total reaction and one-neutron removal cross sections of $^{31}$Ne on a Carbon target were significantly enhanced compared with those of neighboring Neon isotopes, agreeing with measurements at 240 MeV/nucleon and consistent with a single neutron halo. Furthermore, our calculations of the inclusive longitudinal momentum distribution of the $^{30}$Ne and valence neutron residues from the $^{31}$Ne breakup reaction indicate a dilute density distribution in coordinate space, another halo signature.

The study of the refractive scattering of 6Li and 6He on carbon target with the S-matrix approach

In this paper, the S-matrix parametrization is adopted to analyze the refractive scattering of [Formula: see text] at intermediate energies systematically and that of [Formula: see text] at 230 MeV. For [Formula: see text], the experimental data containing the Fraunhofer oscillations and the rainbow falloff are reproduced very well by adjusting parameters. The S-matrix parameters and the rainbow angles show evident tendencies as the bombarding energy increases, which are comparable with those of [Formula: see text] elastic scattering on carbon target. For [Formula: see text], the experimental data in the forward direction are reproduced successfully by slightly adjusting the parameters used in the calculation of [Formula: see text] at 210 MeV. The calculated results show that the [Formula: see text] scattering exhibits a comparable transparency with that of [Formula: see text] at intermediate energies.

Legal Considerations on China's Carbon Neutrality Promotion Law - A Case Study of Smoking Control Regulations in Public Places

Objectives: The process of formulating the Carbon Neutrality Promotion Law is a purpose-driven legislative process in essence, which is a significant theoretical innovation and practical breakthrough. It is necessary to change the concept, establish a new model of legislation, and build a low-carbon social relationship. It is also necessary to reshape the management system through the confirmation of legal responsibility, establish new norms for the dual carbon target, and transform all policies and economic and technological measures for the dual carbon target into codes of conduct through legislation, which can be widely recognized and observed by the society. Therefore, it is necessary to further deepen the understanding of the Carbon Neutrality Promotion Law and interpret the Carbon Neutrality Promotion Law from the perspective of jurisprudence: clarify the legal basis of the Carbon Neutrality Promotion Law, realize the transition from policy to jurisprudence, and make effective connection between international law and domestic law. In terms of specific content, the Carbon Neutrality Promotion Law should clarify the competent authorities, clarify the government's management functions to deal with the dual carbon target, and establish a carbon peak and carbon neutrality system. The formation of regulations on the control of smoking in public places guides the control of smoking from the legal level. Effective smoking control will be implemented.

Effect of Carbon Target Current on Ultralow Frictional Behavior of CrCN Coatings under Glycerol Lubrication

The aim of this paper is to find an effective way to reduce the friction and wear of steel. CrCN coating was deposited on AISI 304 stainless steel by magnetron sputtering technology, and the friction and wear properties of the coating under glycerol lubrication were studied. The hardness of CrCN coatings on stainless steel surface can reach to 17.87 GPa when the carbon target deposition current is 2A. The CrCN coating presents low friction coefficient (COF) under the lubrication of glycerol, a highly efficient green lubricant. When the load is 0.5 N, the lowest friction coefficient is only 0.01. XPS analysis on the wear track suggested that glycerol decomposed during sliding and a fluid lubricating layer was formed, which provides ultralow friction. The paper shows that the glycerol could be used as an efficient lubricant for the CrCN coating.

Baryon number in proton-proton and proton-nucleus high energy collisions

New analyses of baryon spectra in proton-proton and proton-carbon collisions at $$\sqrt{s}_\mathrm {_{NN}}=17.3$$ s NN = 17.3 GeV, made in the framework of two phenomenological models are presented. The first model in question is the classic Dual Parton Model by Capella and Tran Thanh Van, the second is the Gluon Exchange Model very recently proposed by the authors. For both studies, the usage of modern experimental data from the CERN SPS eliminates several of the most important limitations inherent to earlier studies of this type. In both studies, the standard mechanism of baryon stopping with preservation of the diquark, proposed by Capella and Tran Thanh Van fails to describe the distribution of non-strange baryons in collisions of the projectile proton with more than one nucleon from the carbon target obtained from experimental data, and the upper limit for the contribution of this mechanism can be established. In both cases, the conclusion is that the projectile diquark must be very often disintegrated. This opens new diagrams not available in proton-proton collisions which lead to the transport of baryon number over long distances in rapidity. The present limitations, and possibility of improvement in both approaches are discussed. The implications of our findings for new measurements are addressed, in particular using antiproton beams.